Java: he faaiteraa auau, pūāhua motuhake

I teie mahana, hōtaka i roto i Java, te nuinga pea, kahore tetahi e kore e miharo. Ko te ahunga whakamua i roto i tenei rohe kia nui e to tatou mo'oni nāianei kua whakaaro maheni ki 50-60 tau ki muri i roto i tenei kōrero i te kiriata i te la "Hoki ki te Future."

Ko te takenga mai o te reo Java

Java - he reo hōtaka ahanoa-hāngai, i whakawhanakehia tuatahi e Sun Microsystems, a muri mai ka te tautoko me te whanaketanga kawea atu e Oracle.

E kore e ki te e raruraru ki te whanaketanga reo mahi ranei o te taiao tüäpapa pūmanawa. E te whakamutunga, ko te ki te kia mohio ki huinga o te plurality o wāhanga rerekē e tahi whakarato te mahia o Java-waehere i roto i ngā taiao pūmārō. E iritihia Papatono tuhituhia i roto i te Java ki te hōputu motuhake i huaina bytecode, i whakamana i muri e te tikanga o te mīhini mariko (JVM) - he wahi o te tūāpapa pūmanawa.

Tāuta me Getting Started

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i angitu ngā tono whakawhanakehia i roto i tenei reo, me tāuta e koe te mōkihi motuhake o Java-wāhanga, i te mea e wātea ana i runga i te pae tukutuku Oracle. Te kamupene whakarato tuwha rerekē, e rerekē i roto i te tüäpapa ūnga, me te ngā kōwhiringa. E kore e te kaiwhakamahi toharite Me ki te whakamahi i te putanga Java e he rerekē te whakamutunga, te tata tino i. Reira anake hanga tikanga mō ngā e hiahia rautaki motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake me ngā āheinga.

Hei tāuta Java i runga i tō rorohiko, me te tuatahi kia tino e te āhuatanga o te taputapu tutuki te whakaritenga pūnaha iti te kaiwhakamahi. Kua mahi Oracle Engineers pakeke ki te whakaiti i te paepae o te whakaritenga pūnaha, engari ko reira tonu i reira, a me whakaaro reira. kia kitea te kaiwhakamahi te pae me ia te tohatoha e hāngai ana i runga i te pūnaha mahi, e hiahia ana ia ki te tāuta i te pūmanawa. Hoki tauira, Java hoki Windows 7 Ko te .exe-kōnae whakamahi, e ka rapua e anake whakapūtā te whaiaronga tāutanga, a ka ka meatia e ia nga mea katoa ia ia. E tano ia tapao e taea te tāuta i te pūnaha i te wa ano tetahi anake kape o te anga pūmanawa. Na reira, i mua i te tāuta i te hiahia ki te kia e te putanga o mua o Java nekehia i te pūnaha. Ki te kore te mahi koe, ka ui te pūtāuta ki te tango i te hōtaka taupatupatu i mua i tonu koe i te tāutanga.

Tīmata whakawhanake i roto i te Java

I muri kua pai te kaiwhakamahi tāuta te taiao pūmanawa, ka waiho reira e wātea ana ki te whānuitanga o te tikanga mo te mahia o ngā hōtaka kua tuhituhia, a ki te hanga i ō rātou ake. I roto i te tikanga ki te tīmata papatono i na Java, e kore koe e hiahia ana tetahi atu hōtaka. E hinaaro tatou i te hiahia anake ki te ako nga mea hou, me te ki matau i te reo o te hoahoanga. Ki te i taea e ki te tāuta pai te te Java te kaiwhakamahi, me i roto i te tukanga i kahore pakanga ki ētahi atu hōtaka, ka taea e tīmata koe tuhituhi waehere i roto i tetahi ētita kuputuhi.

hanga Oracle kua tino ki te whakarato i te huinga mōrahi o taputapu mō ngā. I roto i Java, i te mōkihi ngā te taupatupatu (Javac whaipainga), e, tango rite tautohe te ara ki tetahi kōnae kuputuhi, faafariu reira ki te mīhini mahinongofua bytecode mariko.

Ko te kaiwhakamahi tonu e kore e taea te whakahaere i te tono, me te kite i nga hua o to ratou mahi. Hei tāuta i tētahi tono Java mo Windows 7, he mea e tika ana ki "mōkihi" i roto i te oko-pūranga.

I ahu mai te hōputu oko te i te whakaiti o Java Archive, me te ahua motuhake o maheni ki-kōnae ZIP katoa, e atu Kei roto he whakaahuatanga o te akomanga me ririki, me ngā ki te wāhi tomokanga (piha matua) i roto i te tono. Hei waihanga i tētahi-kōnae .jar o te taua ingoa e whakamahia ana e te whaipainga, e te whakaurua hoki i roto i te mōkihi paerewa i Oracle. I muri tona whakatinanatanga angitu, ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi whakahaere he tono hanga ranei Java whakahau i te rārangi whakahau papatohu ranei, i noa te pāwhiri-rua ranei.

Ko te wāhanga matua o te reo Java

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakawhanake angitu tono i roto i te reo Java, ako me te reira ki te tīmata ki te taketake rawa. hötaka tauhou ētahi wā uaua ki te mārama i te wā te reo "ahanoa-hāngai". hape whakapono tokomaha iwi e pā ana te reira ki te meka e katoa o nga hinonga e taea te mahi i roto i te reo he taonga. Heoi, e kore te mea pono tenei. I roto i te reo Java, ki te kahore hoki te whakaurunga, i reira te mea ano hoki he huinga o ngā momo i tahito ra. Tenei tōpū momo raraunga (paita, poto, int, roa ), i he tau tōpu roa rerekē kupu, momo raraunga hautanga (manu, rua), me te aho, me te momo huru (aho, me te pūāuha) aua.

Hoki ia o ratou i reira he akomanga pera-ka karanga - wrappers, e kua whakamahia ki te hanga i tētahi tohutoro ki te ahanoa o etahi ahua. he pono hoki momo tahito katoa anake raraunga aho tenei.

Āhuatanga o te whakatinanatanga o te piha haapiiraa aho i roto i Java

rārangi-Java - ko te piha motuhake tenei. Ka taea te whakarōpūtia te reira hei ahanoa pumau. Ki te tuku koe i te mahara tono rite te puranga (puranga), e kei he string te noho, ka ia mahi i runga taua mea (te kōwhiringa o te Ahoroto, concatenation, whakauru pūāhua, a na i runga i. D.) E waihanga i tētahi tauira hou o te raina tīmatanga, e ka rerekē i te hua taketake o te mahi.

Na reira, ko te aho tonu e tika ana ki te rawa āta mahi, ahakoa te meka e rere nui kohinga paru i roto i te mahara, me kia te kaihātepe tino tupato ki te ārai waipuke te mahara tohutoro tikanga ki te aho. Aua'e, hoki tenei i reira ko te rota o ngā akomanga kaiawhina. Hei tauira, te whakamahi i StringBuilder ko StringBuffer, e tukua ana ki te rāwekeweke aho, engari e kore e hanga i muri i ia tauira hou.

Ko te reo Java - kīanga auau. Ratou ahua me te whakaaro

puta kīanga wā, i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau, me te revolutionized te hangarau o te tukatuka kuputuhi hiko.

I mua, rapu mō ngā wāhanga motuhake i roto i te kuputuhi Ahoroto ranei ko te raruraru noa, i hiahiatia kaha me te wa mo te whakatinanatanga. Hötaka i ki tirohia tata pae katoa i runga i te tangohia ōrite te tawhā rapu i tohua faaau i te reira ki te rota o tikanga ranei. Heoi, ki te haerenga mai o kīanga auau i te whai wāhi ki te whakamahi i te pūāhua meta, e ai meinga reira e wātea ana ki te whakaahua i te tauira e ai i ki te kia rapu. I roto i te Java puta kīanga auau i roto i te putanga 5, a kua mai riro te huanga faufaa o te taiao pūmanawa.

Mahi ki kīanga auau i roto i Java

I roto i Java, akomanga katoa, kotahi te ara ranei tetahi e whakamahia ki te mahi ki te kīanga auau, i roto i te mōkihi motuhake i huaina java.util.regex. I roto i te Java faaiteraa auau whakaahua ana te piha haapiiraa Pattern, i whakamaoritia ki Ingarihi tikanga "tauira". whakaae ana tēnei piha haapiiraa i te tautohe string ki te hanganga, e taea te whakamahi ki te hanga i tētahi tauira. A, no te e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaahua i te reira, hei utu o reta ohie pai whakamahi kārimākā.

I roto i te tikanga ki te tika whakapūtā te tawhā rapu, he reira pai ki te pānui i te tuhinga mōhiohio i Oracle, rite kore e taea maha pūāhua meta tikanga ki ta te kaiwhakamahi noa i te kaihātepe tauhou ranei kia whakaaro. Hei tauira, te tohu "+" tohu e te hinga tauira ki tetahi atu ranei wā o te huānga mua tonu. A, no te whakatinana i roto i te Java faaiteraa auau, ko te taua rite i roto i tetahi atu reo hōtaka pūāhua motuhake. Na reira, kia kia ongonoa hekenga ki tetahi atu pūhara.

tono pea o kīanga auau

Me kï reira e e pai oreore ki te hapai i moni nui o te kuputuhi te taea o kīanga auau. Hei tauira, e kore te mea nui etahi kī rapu, ranei ngā kupu i roto i te rēhita ki te, kia āhei te take i roto i nei te kī i tuhituhia. e kia tino hauarea mō te whakaoti taua he raruraru ringa kōmaka o te kuputuhi, me ki te hanga-i roto i Java faaiteraa auau taea te tutuki o ngā rārangi o te waehere te tokorua.

Ko te aha e whakaaro tatou te ako o te reo i roto i tetahi ara e kore e taea e mahue i te taua wahi nui rite te faaiteraa auau. I roto i Java, taea te whakamahi i te reira i roto i ngā mara - i whakamana puka raraunga urunga (wāhitau ī-mēra, ngā tau kāri nama) ki te tātari waka me te kaiwhakamahi tono.