Iti maitai waro: hanganga me ngā āhuatanga

Ko whaikörero iti maitai waro. hāngai ana tōna rongonui i runga i te, ngā āhuatanga matū tinana, me te utu iti. Kei te whānui whakamahia tenei koranu i roto i te ahumahi, me te hanga. Kia whakaaro tatou i tenei momo o te maitai.

hanganga

taonga rino ki waro i roto i te tukanga tango, - Steel. Hoki waro angamaheni rewa te aroaro o te waro, e whakatau nga āhuatanga taketake o te whakarewa, me poke: ūkuikui (ki runga, ki te 0,07%), silicon (0.35%), he whanariki (ki runga ki te 0,06%), konupora (ki runga ki te 0.8% ). Ko te kupu, e kore kei iti maitai waro neke atu i 0,25% waro. Na i runga i te tahi atu tāpiritanga, konupora me te takawai he deoxidation (hāora tango i te whakarewa whakarewa, i te whakaiti i te brittleness i roto i deformation wera). Ko te nui haere ōrau o whanariki taea arahi ki hangai o te koranu i roto i te tukatuka waiariki o ūkuikui - i matao.

Methods mo te faaineineraa

Ka taea te decomposed Production o iti-waro koranu ki te maha ngā wāhanga: utanga ki te oumu, me mau te rino (te tiaki), te pānga waiariki ki te āhua rewa, tango o te papatipu poke. Next, kia makanga maitai ranei maimoatanga atu: para mārua ranei, me haurehu e mangere.

E toru ara hoki te mahia o enei tukanga:

• Open oumu kanga. Ko te taputapu tino noa. e te tukanga rewa wahi i roto i te torutoru haora, e taea ai te aroturuki i te kounga o te taiwhanga hanganga.
• oumu iakawe. I whakaputahia e whakatangi hāora. Me kï reira e kore e o kounga tiketike nga alloys whiwhi i roto i tenei tikanga no te mea i roto i ratou i te nui nui o poke.
• Na oumu arataki. Kei te whakamahi i te tukanga whakaputa i te para. I roto i tenei ara,-kounga tiketike, me alloys motuhake.

A feruri i te āhuatanga o te whakarōpū o alloys.

momo

kia iti maitai waro o e toru ngā momo:

• kounga Toharite. Ko te ihirangi whanariki o taua alloys e kore nui 0,06%, he ūkuikui 0,07%.
• Kounga. I roto i te aroaro o te hanganga: ki runga ki te 0.04% whanariki, ki runga ki te 0,035% ūkuikui.
• kounga High. Ko te ihirangi whanariki ki 0,025% ūkuikui ki runga ki te 0,025%
• kounga Motuhake. Ko te ihirangi iti o poke: ki runga ki te 0,015% whanariki, ūkuikui - 0,025%.

Ka rite ki kī mua, te iti te poke, te pai te kounga o te koranu. wehea tonu Steel GOST 380-94 kounga noa ngawari ki ngā rōpū e toru:

• A. whakaritea e ona āhuatanga hangarau. Kei te tino maha kitea Puka o te tuku ki te kiritaki i roto i te puka o te hua pekanga me te pepa.
• B. tohu matua - te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga. Tino arotau pēhanga pānga aunoa i raro i waiariki tauwehe (rikarika ki, takahi).
• B. hoki enei momo o alloys taua āhuatanga: hangarau, hangarau, tinana, matū, a reira te hanganga.

Na roto i te tukanga o te deoxidation o parahi wehea ki:

• Marino. e tukanga solidification wahi ata. e kore te hau ki te tukanga taua tohaina. Puta te na'ina'iraa i te waenganui o te Ingot.
• Semikilled. Takawaenga koropupu momo rino i waenganui i marino me tito.
• Pokarekare. puta solidification ki haurehu kukuwhatanga. Taiepa huna momo.

āhuatanga matua

āhuatanga iti maitai waro e te ukanga teitei, kei te ngāwari hauā reira i roto i te āhua makariri, me te i roto i te wera. He āhuatanga motuhake o tenei koranu he weldability pai. Tei runga i te āhuatanga o te parahi kia rerekē huānga atu. Nuinga o ngā wā, kei te whakamahia alloys iti-waro i roto i te hanganga me te ahumahi. Ko e tika ana ki te utu iti me ngā āhuatanga kaha pai tenei. huaina ana tēnei koranu te hanganga. Ko te āhuatanga o te iti-waro maitai whakawaeheretia te i roto i te tapanga. Kei raro e titiro tatou ki ona āhuatanga.

Āhuatanga tapanga

Angamaheni maitai ngawari he CT reta ti'araa me mamati. kia te tau e wehea e te 100, katahi ka kia mohio ki reira te ōrau o te ihirangi waro. Hei tauira, ST15 (0.15% waro).

A feruri i tohu a kīa nei te tohu:

• ona reta Tuatahi kore ranei ta e pā ana ki no ki tenei ranei e rite te rōpū. pea te reira i B C. ranei Ki te kahore he pukapuka, ka no te koranu ki kāwai A.
• Cm tohu te kupu "maitai".
• tohu Digital - whakamuna waro ōrau.
• KP, PS - tohu koropupu koranu semikilled ranei. Ko te kore o te ti'araa tohu e parahi patua (cn).
• Na te ti'araa reta i muri i te mamati whakakitea tetahi poke ngā i roto i te hanganga, me o ratou ōrau. Hei tauira, T - konupora, Yu - konumohe, F - vanadium.

e kore te reta ti'araa "Hato" i roto i te tohu hoatu ki-te kounga teitei maitai iti-waro. Ano, tono te ti'araa tae te. Hei tauira, waro iti maitai kōeke 10 he ma i roto i te tae. Steel mō ngā take motuhake kia denoted e pūāhua atu. Hei tauira, te "K" - whakamahia te i roto i te kōhua hanga; TOTE - whakamahia ki te hanga kakau motokā, etc ...

hua hua

He maha ngā rōpū o ngā hua maitai:

• Rau maitai. Momo: whakataka atu ana e (GOST 19903-74) whakataka atu (GOST 19904-74), WideBand (GOST 8200-70), takai (GOST 103-76) he kowakawaka (GOST 8568-78)
• pūkete koki. Equilateral (GOST 8509-93), taurite (GOST 8510-86).
• Ngā aho (GOST 8240-93).
• Ahau-kurupae. Ahau-kurupae noa (GOST 8239-89), ahau-kurupae, wide- (GOST 26020-83, što AISU 20-93).
• Paipa.
• kuaha ngā momo.

Ki tenei rārangi tāpiri i te wāhanga tuarua, e kua hanga e na roto i te kakano ia mahi me te machined.

Mara o te tono

Field o te whakamahi o iti maitai waro whānui me tei runga i te tohu:

• Cm 0, 1, 3Gsp. Whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga. Hei tauira, he waea whakaū o ngawari maitai,
• 05kp, 08, 08kp, 08U. He pai mō te pahaki me te tuhi matao (plasticity teitei). E whakamahia ratou i roto i te ahumahi automotive: wahi tinana, tāke wahie, coils, wahi o ngā hanganga paiherea.
• 10, 15 kei te whakamahia hoki ngā wāhanga e kore e i waiho i raro ki pikaunga teitei. Putorino ki nga kohua i, pahaki, hononga, raka, pokekore.
• 18kp. tono Angamaheni - hanga, kawea nei i roto i ki te awhina o fehokotaki'anga.
• Kei te whānui 20, 25. whakamahia te reira mo te hanga o ngā rauemi putanga. Hononga, tappets piha, papa, me te tahi atu wahi o mihini ahuwhenua.
• 30, 35. Ko te toki ki runga i te kawenga he iti, sprockets, nihowhiti me pera i runga i. D.
• 40, 45, 50. Whakamārama ite kawenga toharite. Hei tauira, crankshafts, kōpae waku.
• 60-85. Wāhanga kaupapa ki te kawenga nui. E nehenehe te reira huapae mō wira pereoo mō cranes, puna, mōria.

I taea te kite, hua whānui whānui - he kore noa he waea rino iti-waro. Reira ngā ano nga tikanga matatini.

koranu iti me te iti-waro maitai: ngā rerekētanga

Hoki tapiritia whakapai ake o tetahi āhuatanga o te koranu huānga alloying. E huaina iti kongatia - steels e roto i Cheb nui iti o te waro (ki runga ki te ōrau wahi) me dopants (4% ōrau katoa). Taua awhiowhio pupuritia kounga Weld teitei, engari e whakarei āhuatanga rerekē. Hei tauira, te kaha, mahi anticorrosion me pera i runga i. Tikanga, Kei te whakamahia ngā momo e rua i roto i ngā hanganga paiherea e me te tu i te whānuitanga pāmahana i haunga te 40 ki me 450 degrees.

Āhuatanga fehokotaki'anga

Fehokotaki'anga o steels waro i reiti teitei. momo fehokotaki'anga, electrodes me ratou matotoru tīpakohia te hāngai i runga i te raraunga hangarau e whai ake nei:

• Me tika kia mau herea ia te pūhui.
• Kahore kia kahore kaimono mea kohakore.
• Ko te hanganga matū o te Weld ki te kia whakamana i roto i ngā paerewa runga tohua i roto i te GOST.
• Me whakatau hononga paiherea te tikanga whakahaere (wiri ātete, te ahotea aunoa, te pāmahana tikanga).

He kia whakamahia ai ngā momo o kakano ia i te hau kakano ia ki te taiao hauhā kawehiko whakapau. A, no te tango koe ki te pūkete te kōwhiringa o te fusibility nui iti-waro me te iti-koranu.

Ki te whakaaro motuhake ki te hōkai, whakamahia te maitai waro iti te i roto i te hanganga me te engineering. Steel kōeke whiriwhiri te hāngai i runga i te putanga e hiahiatia ana ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū. Ko te aroaro o ngā huānga alloying kia whakapai ake kotahi rawa (ātete ki te waikura, huringa pāmahana), engari whakanoatia ano hoki atu. weldability pai - tetahi atu painga o taua alloys.

Na, ka kitea e matou e te hua e iti-waro me te iti-koranu maitai.