Index tirohanga pirau: te tikanga o tātai me te raraunga taupū

Ko te raruraru o te pirau i roto i te kāwanatanga me te kāwanatanga hanganga he hāngai ki whenua maha. Ki te rā, whakawhanakehia reira e rave rahi huarahi whai hua o te mana me te whawhai te tūkino o te tari i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi painga, a utua ana rangatira, me te tahi atu mahi e poka ki te ture me nga tikanga, ko te whakamahi o ngā tikanga o te pakanga ki te pirau , i roto i te mahi, e kore e kawea tonu te hua tika.

Heoi, i reira e maha whenua ki taumata āhua iti o te pirau. Ko te āhua tino kino me whenua te wahi e kore e mau te māngai pirau rāngai tūmatanui i roto i te rangatira o te pirau tirohanga taupū. Aromatawai o te taumata o te pirau i roto i nga whenua, kua te faaineineraa me whakaputanga o te rauemi e hāngai ana kua he whakahaere waho i te käwanatanga Transparency International. Kei te hāngai te reira i roto i Berlin.

Kia pehea te Ko te oraraa o te taupū pirau tirohanga

Tohu i runga i hanga e te whakatauranga te whenua i roto i ngā o te pirau perception, e hāngai ana i runga i te maha o rangahau motuhake. hāngai te i runga i te whakaaro o ngā tohunga mohio i roto i te mara o te pūtea me te ture - te Tirohanga whakangaromanga Index (mo te poto CPI). Ko te tūranga he tohunga wāhi i te Bank World, te African me Āhia Development Banks, te American NGO tauatāina Whare, mahi nei i roto i te rangahau o rangatiratanga ā-me te tōrangapū, me te aroturuki i te huringa manapori i roto i te ao.

Ko te tirohanga whakangaromanga Index ko te ahua o te tauine o "faitotonú o nga mana." Katoa State whai wāhi nei i roto i te ako, he kaute i te kore ki te kotahi rau ngā wahi e kore ahua tikanga te taumata mōrahi o te pirau, me te rau ngā Ko nga whenua kino iti. I mua, i te tirohanga whakangaromanga Index o Transparency International tata i roto i te whānui i tetahi ki te tekau.

I roto i te āhuatanga tuwhera-puna-motuhake, e aromatawai āhua kahore e whakaputaina, kia kia taea te pānui i te reira anake ki te whakatauranga whakamutunga. I roto i te tua, he tikanga ao mō te tātai i te taupū kore, no te mea te aromatawai whakamutunga, kia rite ki te whakahaere a TI, e ki pūkete peculiarities motu o te kāwanatanga ngā.

Hanganga o te rangatira o whenua rite ki te tirohanga whakangaromanga Taupū

Whakatauranga i runga i taua tohu rite te taupū o te tirohanga o te pirau i te 2016 ngā kotahi rau e whitu tekau-ono States. raraunga whakaputaina, kī te kāwanatanga e whakamahia ana ki te aromatawai i te taumata o te ahunga whakamua i roto i te whawhai ki te pirau, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tūranga o etahi whenua i roto i te pā ana ki te āhua tata, hoa tōrangapū, me te ōhanga, me te whakataetae.

Ko te whenua kino iti rawa rite ki TI

Tirohanga pirau Index nui (e iwa tekau ngā) i roto i te whenua Scandinavian, Aotearoa, Switzerland. Denmark kī tuatahi, aru e Aotearoa, ko i runga i te tuatoru - Finland, ka noho Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, Singapore, te Netherlands. kati UK kotahi tekau runga ki te aro mātai whakamutunga o waru tekau-kotahi score.

Rua tekau-tuatahi taupū pirau perception whakaputaina i te mutunga o Hanuere 2017, he iti rerekē i tau o mua i roto i te Amerika, noho i te tūranga ārahi. I roto i te whānui, i te tūranga i roto i te rangatira uaua te huri radically.

tata pirau i roto i Russia te ki Transparency International

Hoki Russia, tatau te tirohanga taupū pirau te mai 1996, ka hanga te whakatauranga i runga o rima tekau-wha whenua. Katahi ka ko te Russian i wha tekau-ono - e wha tekau-whitu o wahi ki te tapeke o rua-whakatekau o te wāhi e ono tekau ngā. Dynamics of huringa i roto i te auau e kore i te ara meteoric, taka ranei. He e te peke i runga i nga rohe o 2000 me 2001, ka te ahua ki e rua katoa, me te kotahi kaute whakatekau whakatika ki rite nui rite e rua me e whitu-whakatekau.

Mōkito taupū perception pirau (rite ki te whakatauranga ake ki 2014), ko te rua me tetahi-whakatekau rite nui rite ngā, i tuhia i roto i te 2000, i roto i 2008, i te tau 2010. Ko te uara mōrahi (ira rua waru) ahua tae i roto i te 2004, 2012 me te 2013 aua. Ko te taua tikanga i roto i nga tau rerekē ko India, Honduras, Ecuador, Mozambique, Georgia, te Gambia, Nepal, Albania, Nigeria me etahi atu.

I roto i te tuku press tuhia TI e kua tae te pirau i Russia taua hanganga ohorere e pā te taputapu e kore anake āhua, engari ano hoki hauora, mātauranga, uruhi ture, ōhanga me te tufaa rawa o Russia.

Ko te 2017 tirohanga whakangaromanga Index (kore kua Russia ke tona tūranga) tātai te mo te kotahi rau me te whitu tekau-ono whenua. Kei te Russian Federation i kotahi rau me te toru tekau wahi tuatahi ki te tapeke o rua tekau-iwa i roto i o taea te rau.

Ko te taupū o te tikanga o te ture kia rite ki te Justice Project Ao

E ai ki te ako o te tikanga o te ture, te wahi i te Ture Project World, runga Russia wahi e iwa tekau-tuarua i roto i o āhua iwa tekau-whitu. Ko te āhuatanga kino rawa ki te haumaru me te whai huatanga o te uruhi ture me te whai huatanga o whāiti te mana o te kāwanatanga. Ehara i roto i te tae pai ko te āhuatanga i runga i taua take:

• tiaki o ngā tika tangata (waru tekau-toru wahi);
• toihara (e whitu tekau-waru);
• maia Kāwanatanga (semedsyat wahi tuawha);
• te taumata o te pirau (wahi e whitu tekau-tuatahi);
• Uruhi (e ono tekau-waru);
• kōti ā (e ono tekau-rima o wahi).

A tuu i āhua pou-Soviet i roto i te rangatira o te pirau

Kei te tatau ano tirohanga pirau Index mo nga whenua pou-Soviet. Ko te kupu, kua riro Ukraine rua tekau-iwa ngā a ka mau te rau e toru tekau-tuatahi o te taea kotahi rau e whitu tekau-ono, Peraruhia - whitu tekau-iwa o wahi (e wha tekau ngā), Kazakhstan - kotahi rau e toru tekau-tuatahi (e rua tekau-iwa ngā), Moldova - rau me rua tekau-toru (e toru tekau ngā ), Uzbekistan - kotahi rau e rima tekau-ono (rua tekau-kotahi ngā), Turkmenistan - kotahi rau e rima tekau-wha (rua tekau-rua ngā), Tajikistan - kotahi rau e rima tekau-tuatahi e rua tekau-rima (ngā).

Ko te āhua tino kino

kī Whakatauranga TI rite nga whenua tino kino o Somalia, South Sudan, Te Tai Tokerau Korea, Hiria, Yemen, Sudan, Ripia me Afghanistan. I roto i te whānui, i te tūranga te tawhē o Awherika ko Ahia. I roto i te whenua Pākehā i te tūnga i raro ko Pōngia me Herekowina (waru tekau-toru, me te toru tekau ma iwa ngā), Albania (wahi waru tekau-toru, ano toru tekau-iwa ngā), Bulgaria (e whitu tekau-rima, me te wha tekau ma tahi ngā).

I roto i te whenua ki te taumata tiketike o te pirau, te whakamahi o te tūranga e pā ana, tūkino o te mana me te utu whakapati e e maha te täkupu i roto i ngā hanganga mana katoa e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tahi atu wāhanga o ngā tika tangata takahi, me te hua motu matotoru mō ia ko te tino iti.