Hiahia tangata toi, me te rerehua

E ai ki nga hua o ngā whaipara tangata e taea te faaoti e ko noa te iwi tahito hiahia rerehua i rawe ki. kitea nga kairangahau tauira o peita ana e kua hanga e pā ana ki 30 mano tau ki muri. Ahakoa Na, moe te tangata i karapotia ia e te au maitai, ngā ataahua.

Huarahi ki te whakaritenga pūtake rerehua

Ko wai te mea te hiahia rerehua? E toru huarahi matua ki te māramatanga o tenei wā.

hedonism

Theory pai rerehua (hedonism) Ko tā te tirohanga o te āhua rite te puna tuatahi o te pai. ka mea a Hoani. Locke e ngā pērā i "ataahua", "ataahua" i roto i te tikanga tangata tohu te hunga taonga e "kaha ai mana'o o ahuareka, me te koa." Ko huarahi whakahaerehia nga whakaritenga toi ahua hedonic-rerehua arahina ki te ahua o rerehua whakamātautau.

whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa o tenei aronga ko G. Fechner psychophysics. Me ki whakaaro te hiahia ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga mō te Rerehua pai rerehua. Kāre Ferhner ki te rōpū o tūao, whakahere ratou nga oro, tae. Ko te hua whiwhi te systematized reira, ki te hua e ia e taea te ki te whakatū i te "ture" o pai rerehua:

• paepae;
• whakapakari i;
• au maite;
• mārama;
• kahore he totohe;
• feohi rerehua.

I roto i te take o te tāpiritanga ki te mau huru tūturu o te tangata tawhā whakaongaonga taea ite i te pai tūturu i te mea ka kite ia o ngā taiao. kitea te ariā tona whakamahi i roto i te ahurea rongonui, me te hoahoa ahumahi. Hei tauira, pārekareka ki maha iwi te titiro o waka utu, engari e kore e tūturu hiahia rerehua katoa ki te whakaaro i te mahi o nga Expressionists Tiamana.

Ko te ariā o te aumauiui

Kei tēnei huarahi i roto i te meka i reira he wheako whakawhiti etahi mahi toi, rite tangata whakataurite ki a ratou. kite Schiller toi rite ha faingamālie ki "tahuri mana'o o ētahi atu ki o ratou ake wheako." He pūmanawa te tukanga o te aumauiui. kōrero ana tēnei ariā makona hiahia rerehua ki te awhina o pikitia, "hanga i nga ture."

huarahi hinengaro

I roto i tenei take, whakaaro nga hiahia rerehua o te tangata kei te rite te kē o te whakaaro nui o te matauranga. Tenei wāhi o te tirohanga puritia e Aristotle. Kaiwhakahau o tenei huarahi whakaaro toi rite te whakaaro auaha. whakapono ana ratou e te rerehua hiahia o te tangata ki te āwhina i ia te ako e pā ana ki te ao.

"Psychology Art o"

L. S. Vygotsky i tona mahi tātari i te raruraru. whakapono ia e nga hiahia rerehua o te kaha o te tangata ko te ahua motuhake o te whakawhanaunga o tona ao titorehanga. E ai ki te ariā whakaahuatia i roto i te mahi "Psychology Art o", he whakaaro te kaituhi e ki e taea kia puta te awhina o nga mahi o te toi ki te riri, kare, mana'o whaiaro, ki te taui kuware i te mātauranga. I roto i tenei take, i te tangata kua he āhua o te catharsis, fakamaama āhuatanga, whakakorenga o ngā whakahēnga i roto i te mau mana'o, te mōhiotanga o ratou āhuatanga hou. Nā ki te rere o te ngaohiko ā-ki te awhina o toi, i reira te mea he hihiri tūturu mō te mahi rerehua atu. I roto i te hanganga o te tetahi reka toi, rite ki Vygotsky, a reira ko te hiahia hoki mātauranga rerehua. He rite ki te ako i te ariā, ki anō-ite i te ngahau o ako taonga toi ataata te tangata.

Ka rite ki te whanaketanga tëtehi o te tangata e, ki te huri i te hapori, te huri waiaro ki ataahua, ki te hiahia te waihanga. Ko te mutunga o te ahunga whakamua i roto i mara rerekē o te mahi a te tangata tūpono whakatutukitanga ngā o te ahurea ao. Ka rite ki te hua, te ahunga whakamua hou toi, me te rerehua hiahia o te tangata, fakatonutonu taha wairua o te tuakiri. pā ratou te aronga auaha, te ite, te auahatanga me te arotahi o ngā wawata, waiaro ki ētahi atu iwi. I roto i te ngaro o te kaha i hanga mo te perception rerehua o te tangata e kore e taea ki te ite ratou i roto i te ao ataahua, me te matamaha. I roto i tenei take, ka waiho e taea ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te ahurea. Hanganga o te kounga taea i runga i te pūtake o te mātauranga rerehua pūtake.

Ko te faufaa o te whanaketanga ahurea

Te tātari i te hiahia rerehua matua. E whakapumautia tauira o tiketike-kōeke mātauranga rerehua o te faufaa o meka hītori. Whakaritenga Ko te puna o te mahere rerehua mo te whanaketanga o te ao. Te tangata ko te oranga pāpori, na he mea e tika ana hoki ki te whaiaro iteraa-ite ona hāngaitanga, hei akiaki ia. Amuamu ahu riri, pānga kino i runga i te āhua hinengaro o te tangata.

He aha te mea te hiahia

Tetahi mea ora te vai e taonga kohi tika mō te te ora. Ko te pūtake o tenei tukanga ko te hiahia hiahia ranei. Whakamātauria ki te kitea he whakamāramatanga o tenei ariā. M. P. Ershov i tona mahi "Fie Human" tohe e te hiahia ko te pakiaka o te ora, a ka he āhuatanga o taata ora katoa tenei kounga. whakapono ia te hiahia mo etahi motuhake taonga o mea ora, e titore reira i te ao popohe.

Ko te mau philosopho o te ao tawhito

Whakaaro o Roma i tahito, me te Kariki tawhito ki te ako tino te raruraru o nga hiahia o etahi, a tae noa te whakahaere ki te whakatutuki i te tahi mau hua pai. I tautuhia hiahia Democritus rite te ope matua peia e puta ke te whakaaro o te tangata, i āwhina whiwhi ia kupu, te reo, te whiwhi i te peu o te mahi kaha. Ki te kore te iwi i whai i taua hiahia, kua tu tonu tera mohoao, e kore e taea ki te hanga i tētahi hapori pāpori whakawhanakehia, te tīariari i roto i reira. I whakaae Heraclitus e hua ana ratou i runga i nga tikanga o te ora. Otiia kï te philosopho e ki te hiahia kia whaitake e taea te tangata te whakapai ake i to ratou aravihi hinengaro. Plato tuwhatuwhaia nga hiahia katoa o te maha ngā rōpū:

• tuatahi, e hanga i te "wairua o raro";
• Tuarua, e taea o hanga te tuakiri whaitake.

hurihuri

hoatu te uara o ngā rauemi French kounga raraunga mutunga o te rautau 17. Hei tauira, ka mea a P. Holbach e ki te awhina o nga hiahia o te tangata e taea te whakahaere i tona riri, i pai ai, me te maramarama, ki te whakawhanake takitahi. hono NGChernyshevsky Me ki te mahi hinengaro o tetahi tangata. Ko ia tino e puta noa i tona ora te tangata huri ngā ngākau nuitanga me ngā hiahia, i te mea te take matua mō te whanaketanga tonu o te mahi auaha. Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga nui o te whakaaro, ka taea e tatou te mea e te whakaaro whakahuatia e pūtaiao, i maha ngā ōritenga. ia ite ratou katoa te hononga i waenganui i ngā hiahia me te mahi a te tangata. Ko te ngoikoretanga Ko te hiahia ki te huri i mea mo te pai, kitea te ara ki te whakaoti i te raruraru. Ka taea te whakaaro te tono he wāhanga o te kāwanatanga ā-tangata huānga hanganga o te mahi kaha, e whai ana ki te whakaputa i te hua e hiahiatia ana. I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, mutu Karl Max tenei take nui aro, te ite i te faufaa o te whakamārama i te āhua o te ariā. tuhia e ia e me reira ko te take o tetahi mahi, kia te takitahi ngā ki te kitea to ratou wahi i roto i te hapori. hāngai ana huarahi naturalistic peheé te i runga i te hononga i waenganui i te natura taata tūturu me momo hītori motuhake o whanaunga tūmatanui, mahi rite te piriti i waenganui i nga hiahia me te natura taata. ka anake tatou e nehenehe e kōrero e pā ana ki te tuakiri, whakapono Marx, ka kore e iti te tangata ki o ratou hiahia, engari te taunekeneke hoki ki ētahi atu iwi.

faaiteraa-whaiaro

I tēnei wā i reira e he momo o kōwhiringa mō ngā hiahia tangata whakarōpū. Epicurus (philosopho Kariki) tuwhaina e ratou ki te taiao, me te tika. I roto i te take o te whakaahunga roto te iwi i reira e te mauiui. Ngā hiahia karangatia e ia kōrero ki ētahi atu iwi. E taea te tangata whakarite i to koutou pūmanawa, me te reira ki te hoatu tautooraa nui. Ki te whakaaro ki te whiti, taonga, papai, te tahi mea ki te tiki he ratou rawa raruraru, he mea ka taea ki te torutoru anake. O ngā moni i roto i tenei kaupapa i whakahuatia e Dostoevsky. whakaaro ia tona whakarōpū ake, taonga rauemi tīpako, kahore nei kahore ora noa te tangata. utua whakarongo Motuhake i ki nga hiahia o te mahara, mau mai te iwi, ngā hiahia pāpori. i whakaaro e tei tika te taumata o te whanaketanga i te pae varua i runga i tona hiahia, ngā wawata, whanonga i roto i te hapori Dostoevsky.

ahurea tuakiri

te mahara rerehua Ko wāhanga o te mahara tūmatanui, ona āhuatanga hanganga. Reira, me ki te morare ko te pūtake o te hapori hou, te āwhina tangata ki te whanake i te pānga pai i runga i te pae varua o te iwi. I roto i tona mahi, puta reira rite te hiahia i te pae varua, te faaite huru ki āhuatanga o waho. E kore te mea i whakahe ki te whanaketanga rerehua, me whakaihiihi ana tangata ki te mahi, e tauturu ki a ia ki roto ki mahi te ariā.

mutunga

he mea pēnei i te hiahia, puta noa i te oraraa o te hapori tangata ngā te aro o maha whakaaro nui me tuakiri tino. Tei runga i te taumata o te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga maramarama, hanga tangata ia hoki ano ona ake hiahia te pūnaha, kahore nei whakaaro reira tona oraraa iti huma. Hinengaro tangata whakawhanakehia, whakarongo utu tuatahi ki te hiahia rerehua, a ka e whakaaro ratou e pā ana ki nga mea materia. Taua kotahitanga o te iwi, e ratou i nga wa katoa o te oraraa o te hapori tangata i i titiro rite te tauira tūranga, aru ratou hi'oraa i te taha o ētahi atu. Ko reira te hiahia ki te kōrero, he hiahia ki te mahi i te tahi mea mo te tahi atu iwi, whakawhanakehia i roto i te tau tōrangapū me te iwi whānui, ki te tauturu ia ratou i roto i te whanaketanga-whaiaro me te whaiaro iteraa-.