He aha te mea wātea i te mate takawaenga?

I roto i te wātea i te mate takawaenga tikanga whānui - e kore te tika ki te whakarongo ki nga whakatau mana o tetahi atu kāwanatanga, ona pokapū me ngā māngai. I roto i te meka, e taea te huaina reira mure ore, ranei he āhuatanga i reira te par i roto i parem mana Āhuatanga kore (lat. "Ōrite ki te kaha rite i runga i").

Ko te ariā me ngā āhuatanga o te wātea i te mate takawaenga

O tangata katoa o waho te kāwanatanga, tu diplomats roto no o ratou mana ā-ture. Na roto i te whakamutunga, rite ki te tikanga, mahino te huinga noa o tika, ngaahi monū me ngā kawenga i roto i te faatura o te whenua o te noho.

I roto i tahuri, i te painga - te reira i te painga e kua whakaratohia ki reira e te ture o te ao mo te whakatinanatanga maeneene o te whāinga mahi. Ko tētahi o ratou ko utu ki te whakanui i te immunities ture rerekē, e kua tautuhia rite te tika motuhake ki kahore he māngai takawaenga raro ki te tahi mau ture whānui.

He maha ngā āhuatanga e te wehe i te reira i te tahi atu haamaitairaa wātea i te mate takawaenga:

1. Kua te ahua o "poapoa kino" - i roto i te meka, tenei whakawāteatanga i tetahi herenga (takoha, tukanga, me te pera i runga i.) Ranei taunahatanga.

2. Ko te whakaaro o te haamaitairaa, ko te ki te whakarite kia fatongia ao me mau ohipa. Ko pono mahi, me te kore immunities whakaaetia mo te painga whaiaro o te tangata.

3. Ko nga ngā o te tangata he wātea i te mate takawaenga, mārama i roto i te Ture me ture, me te te tikanga o te ture te ao. I roto i Russia i ratou i te corps takawaenga me Consular, te peresideni, te mau melo o te mau misioni motuhake me ngā i roto i ngā rōpū o te ao.

Ko te kupu, e wehea nga haamaitairaa o mana takawaenga ki 2 rōpū: mate (haere noa i te tahi mea) me painga ture, te ariā o nei e pā ana te ki etahi raveraa, tika mua-kāwanatanga, manakohanga, ko tetahi i runga i te tahi atu mau tumu parau e te hunga painga ki te hapori rite te katoa.

Ture i runga i nga haamaitairaa o State

wātea i te mate takawaenga rite te kāwai ture te vai mo te wa roa. Ahakoa i roto i Roma i tahito, i inviolable rite i whakaaro ki te hei i raro i te tiaki o nga atua nga karere o āhua hoariri.

Hoki te wa roa i te tūranga o diplomats takoto tetahi anake ritenga me ngā tikanga, kia rite ki te kore tetahi mea ao i runga i enei take i te tīariari. Ko te ngana tuatahi i codification ōkawa hanga i anake i roto i te 1928, ka i roto i Havana (Latin America) tangohia te Kawenata i runga i rangatira takawaenga.

I muri mai, i roto i te 1961, ka tangohia te reira i te Kawenata Vienna i Relations takawaenga, e ki tenei ra tonu te mauhaa kirimana taketake i roto i te mara o whanaunga ao. I tēnei wā kei te whai wāhi te reira te nuinga o whenua i roto i te ao, tae atu ki Russia.

I tua atu ki te Convention mea, wātea i te mate takawaenga i raro i te ture te ao e hāngai ana i runga i nga kirimana me whakaaetanga e whai ake nei:

• Te Vienna Kawenata i runga i Consular Relations o 1963.
• Kawenata i runga i nga Painga, me Immunities o te United Nations i roto i 1946.
• Ko te Kawenata i runga i nga Painga, me Immunities o nga pokapū motuhake, 1947.
• Kawenata i runga i te Tūnga Ture, Painga me Immunities o te äpiti Economic Organizations i 1980.

I tua atu, kei te tika States ki wātea i te mate takawaenga ki tetahi atu mahi e tukua ana ki te tautuhi i te āhuatanga i roto i runga i te hononga i waenganui i te whenua e rua. wātea i te mate takawaenga i roto i te ture taihara o te Russian Federation, tautuhi tika tukanga metarahi me te whakahaere i roto i nga mahi tapa'opa'ohia te ture enei poi.

Ngā momo o immunities takawaenga

Ko te haamaitairaa homai ki diplomats kore hoki te taonga whaiaro fakatupulaki ranei, a i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga pai mō te mahi i roto i tetahi atu whenua. Embassies me tari Consular i te taua immunities me i te whenua ope tohu ratou ake āhua.

E ai ki nga tikanga o te Kawenata Vienna o 1961, ka mutu tiriti ā-ao, e taea te wehea immunities takawaenga katoa ki te rōpū e whai ake nei:

• Ko te haamaitairaa o misioni takawaenga - embassies me consulates.
• immunities Whaiaro o diplomats me ngā mema ratou utuafare.
• Painga o ngā mema o te misioni motuhake me misioni ohorere.
• Immunities o ngā mema o te ao (he halá, te äpiti) rōpū.

He he ano hoki te whakarōpū rite ki te hōkai o te wātea i te mate takawaenga: tukanga ā, taihara (wātea i te mate i roto i toihara), tikanga, tāke (moni) me te whakahaere.

Immunities o misioni takawaenga

E ai ki te Vienna Convention 1961, te mate takawaenga ngā te whai ake:

1. Ko te inviolability o nga whare.

Te State fariiraa i ka, i roto i ona rangatira, me te mātau mana (pirihimana, ahi, kaiwhakahaere, rangatira, me te pera i runga i.) He herenga ki te whakarato tiaki tōtika o te māngai takawaenga o te whare, me te whenua a tawhio noa. He wātea i te mate rite atu ki kāinga noho tūmataiti o diplomats.

2. Ka papare o te taonga me te waka.

I roto i te meka, e kore e taea te mau pu kahore rawa, hopukina rapu ranei. Heoi, ki te ko te waka he kanohi taihara, kia roa ai te reira. kia whakahaua nga mahi o ngä pokapü uruhi ture i te wa ano e kore ki te waka, me te ki te tangata kotahi.

3. Tūmataitinga o reta me ngā pūranga.

mēra takawaenga - te puka tino noa o te kōrero ki o ratou āhua māngai. Ko reira tino inviolable, e kore e taea te iti te reira i te taimaha maha o ngā tūru ranei. E pā ana 1961 Vienna Convention ki te tuku o te mēra, me te karere beskurernuyu ka tonoa te karere kei te ki te rangatira, he rererangi oko ranei.

4. Tāke (moni) te mate.

kawea whakawhitinga pūtea i roto i misioni mo tona haumarutanga ā-, e kore raro ki tetahi utu me utu.

5. haamaitairaa Ritenga.

Ngā ki te mea misioni takawaenga kore he kaupapa ki takoha me mau ohipa (anake whare putunga), engari te rapu haere i runga i te papa whenua whānui.

immunities Whaiaro o kaimahi takawaenga

Ka taea te wehea misioni o te kaimahi ki 3 kāwai: te takawaenga, whakahaere, me te tiaki. Katoa o ratou i roto i te rōrahi homai te whakamahi i te mau haamaitairaa e whai ake nei:

1. inviolability Whaiaro.

E tiakina kaimahi o misioni takawaenga me ngā mema o ratou hapu i te State tangohanga. Tetahi whakaeke inonotitanga o ratou Kāore ranei. Hei tauira, te Code Kirimina i roto i te Tuhinga 360 whakarato mo te whiu o te 5 ki te 7 tau mo te whawhai i runga i ngā māngai o whenua ke pārekareka tiaki takawaenga.

2. Ko te inviolability o te kāinga (te noho tūmataiti).

Places o te noho o diplomats me ngā mema o ratou utuafare (fare, te whare) ngā haumaru me te tiaki i te rapu me te ärai, me penetrations.

3. Ko te mate i taihara, ture, me te whakahaere mana, tiaki i mahi uruhi.

Ki te whakaaro ki te mana ā-iwi, me te whakahaere o te tango taea o 3:

• Kerēme i roto i te faatura o te hautoa whaiaro me tona whenua whānau.
• Kerēme mō ngā take tuku (Wills wero, te whakaurunga o-riiwhi, me te pera atu.).
• Ka kaha i runga i ngā take o te mahi arumoni, i whai wāhi diplomats ranei te mau melo o to ratou mau utuafare no te taonga whaiaro.

4. Ko te tikanga wātea i te mate, me te inviolability o tueke.

Ka taea te tirotirohia taonga Whaiaro o diplomats anake i roto i to ratou aroaro, a ngā he māharahara nui o te aroaro o te tūemi rāhuitia ki te kia kaweake. Ki te, i muri i kitea tirohanga kahore maumaui, te rangatira o te tueke e te tika ki te moe i tētahi mautohe mōhiohio.

I roto i te ao hou kua maturuturu iho tenei momo o te mate i roto o te hōkai o te ture, kia rite ki te whenua, e hāngai ana i runga i te mehua ki te whakarite haumaru rererangi me te whawhai ki te terrorism, diplomats aifaito ki ētahi atu pāhihi o flights harangotengote.

5. Takunga i ngā ratonga whaiaro.

E kore ai te fariiraa i State tangohia i runga i te mau melo, me o ratou hapu herenga whaiaro (mahi hōia, herenga, billeting hōia, tono, etc).

6. Freedom o kaupapa i roto i te rohe o te State tangohanga.

Tangata i roto i tetahi ara e pā ana ki te corps takawaenga, kua te tika ki te neke noa i roto i te whenua ope, ki te haunga o ngā wāhi e kore e i whakaaetia ki te haere ki nga tangata ke i te ture tūnga fakalotú ranei.

wātea i te mate whaiaro tonu i diplomats me ngā māngai o te kaimahi whakahaere, me te hangarau, me te noho ki te melo o te utuafare a ratou. Heoi, ki te tango i te rawa o ratou haamaitairaa, e taea e ratou anake i roto i te kaupapa e kore e e whai i te iwi o te State te whiwhi kore e ora i roto i reira tūturu ranei.

Kaimahi i roto i te taiao taua anake e taea whakawhirinaki i runga i te whakawāteatanga i utu tāke me mau ohipa i roto i te pā ana ki riro te mahi moni.

Immunities o misioni motuhake

I tua atu ki ngā whare takawaenga "auau" i roto i ētahi atu whenua, i reira e hanganga rangitahi - misioni (Commission rōpū) whakahaua e tetahi whenua ki tetahi mo te whakaaro o tetahi take mahi mahi motuhake ranei.

Ko te Kawenata i runga i Misioná Motuhake, whāngai i roto i 1969, i te mea te ao matua i runga i tenei take atu te ariā o te mātauranga takawaenga rangitahi mō ngā rōpū katoa, tae atu ki ngā upoko o te kāwanatanga, te kāwanatanga, minita ke, me te tahi atu rangatira matua e haere ki waho i runga i mahi o tona ahua . Ko te tangata i tohua i roto i ngā haerenga i oti mate i te mana o nga mea katoa.

Kei te nuinga o te wā whakaae mana o te misioni motuhake, tona roanga, me te hanganga i whakaritea e tona mahi me i waenganui i te whenua āwangawanga i roto i te mau pureraa.

He rangitahi ngā mema wātea i te mate takawaenga o misioni motuhake, me te mutu ka hoki mai ki te whenua o te whakamanatanga. I roto i tona noho i roto i te tahi atu mana o te mau melo rangitahi o te rōpū e tata te taua immunities me monū rite kaimahi "pūmau" pūtahi.

Otiia i te wa ano i roto i te Convention 1969, here motuhake i runga i to ratou haamaitairaa noaa. I roto i ngā, i te tika ki te whai wāhi faahapahia ki te whare o te misioni motuhake i raro i te riri o te ahi atu kino ranei māngai o te whenua ope. e kore te matenga Resolution o te rōpū ranei te misioni takawaenga hāngai hiahiatia. Kei te Kua arahina te reira i tenei whāititanga ki te kore o te USSR, a muri ki a Russia whakamana tenei Kawenata.

Papare o ngā rōpū o te ao

I roto i te whānui, e taea te tautuhi i tenei momo o te mate rite te huinga o tika motuhake me haamaitairaa oaoa e te feohi ao / te äpiti me tona tokotoko (me te māngai o Mema States ki a ia), ngā mo te mahi whai hua, me te motuhake o ngā mahi ture.

Mō te hiahia mo te te mate takawaenga mo te mahi o te mahi e whakahuatia ki roto i Tefito 104 me 105 o te Tūtohinga UN, me rite i roto i te tuhinga Pākēha o te tahi atu rōpū te tikanga mohio, pērā i UNESCO, WHO, IMF, Kaunihera o Europe, tere me etahi atu.

E ngā te hōkai me te ihirangi o te mate i roto i ngā tikanga motuhake, tiriti me whakaaetanga e kua mutu i waenganui i te ao, me te hanganga o te kāwanatanga. I tua atu ki te painga whānui o te huinga, whakaahua enei tuhinga i te mau haamaitairaa, me immunities o ngā kaimahi: tapatahi, whakawāteatanga i mana, tikanga haamaitairaa, whakawāteatanga i runga i te urunga, noho, utu moni, kōiwi, te tika ki ngā pūāhua motuhake, uruwhenua me pera i runga i.

Ko te mate o ngā māngai o Mema States i roto i ngā rōpū o te ao

Ko te mate o ngā māngai o whenua i roto i te rōpū he halá tino pai atu i te wātea i te mate o te kaimahi. I roto i te meka, he rite ki te takawaenga reira, kia rite ki te mea e hāngai ana ki runga ki te matau o āhua ki te mau io rātou i roto i te ao te ao.

Ko te wahi matua o ture Russia, āhuatanga ture o te māngai tūturu i roto i te rōpū ao, ko te Ture "I te misioni Permanent o te Russian Federation ki he whakahaere te ao", whakaaetia e te ta o te peresideni o te Russian Federation i Mahuru 29, 1999 № 1316.

Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e faaohipa i te māngai o te rōpū ratou mana anake i te taumata o ngā rōpū o te ao. Kāore e taea te tautapa ki te wahi o te noho pūmau o te rōpū he halá. Otiia ki te tupu tenei, ona hanganga o te mana i te hopoi'a ki te whakarite e ngā māngai o State me röpü ki hui o monū hāngai me immunities kia ratou oaoa i roto i te whakapono pai.

Immunities o te United Nations

tautuhia UN mana ā-ture i roto i ona tūtohinga me te Kawenata i te Painga me Immunities o nga Nations United, whakaaetia e te Runanga Nui i roto i te 1947.

Convention 1947 He hāngai ki ngā rōpū katoa i roto i te pūnaha UN, tango ki pūkete anake etahi o nga huringa e kua whakawhanakehia, ka whāngai kua ki whakaata i te pau o ratou mahi.

E ai ki te Tuhinga IV o te Kawenata, ngā māngai o te pokapū UN i ngā taumata (kaitautapa, kaitohutohu, tohunga me sekelitali o röpü) i te taua haamaitairaa, immunities me ngā whakaurunga rite e fana'o e diplomats.

Whakaaetanga i runga i te wāhi o te tari matua o te UN me ētahi atu whakahaere te ao whakarato ao ki to koutou whenua o māngai pūmau o immunities rite ki takawaenga mema. Ko whakaaetanga ki etahi whenua, he iti ratou. I roto i ngā, i te kawenata i waenganui i te UN me te US, i roto i te tua ki te āhukahuka o nga monū me immunities whakarato whakaaetanga ki te mana US ki te kōkiri i mahi ki nga pokapū UN ki te tirohanga ki te mau mai ia ratou ki nga whakaritenga o te putanga i te Hononga o Amerika e tika ana ki te tūkino o haamaitairaa.

ahua Tino motuhake o te mate ko te kai o te Tekiona 18 o te Tuhinga V o te Convention 1947, e whakarato ana e kore e taea te kawea mai ngā kaimahi UN me ona pokapū motuhake mō kupu i korero tuhituhi i roto i tona noho hei rangatira ranei.

wātea i te mate Hātepe Civil

Tetahi mate ture tā te tango o te wā i reira rite te wāhi tika i roto i te hononga ā-ture totohe ana ko te āhua, i te mana o te marae o tetahi atu kāwanatanga.

whakaritea wātea i te mate takawaenga i roto i taua hamene, e wāhanga 3 o te Upoko 401 o te Code RF o Civil Hātepe, e kī e māngai Kaituku o tetahi State raro ki te mana ā-iwi o nga marae o te Russian Federation anake i roto i te rohe whakaritea e nga tikanga o tiriti ā-ao me te whakaaetanga i waenganui i Russia me ētahi atu whenua.

Ko te mate takawaenga tiaki diplomats (me te ratou hapu) o tetahi kāwanatanga i te whai wāhitanga whakahauanga i roto i te kōti i runga i te rohe i te whenua o te ope. Ki te whakaaro ki te whakahaere ā-iwi kua riro te reira e ka takoha he kaihoko takawaenga kia ki te riro i te rōpū - .. te hara i roto i te wā ina tohe, kaiwhakaatu, tohunga, me ētahi atu ano, kia panga te takawaenga tona wātea i te mate i tetahi wā o te tukanga.

e kore e papare i roto i taua hamene, te tono ki te āhuatanga mai i reira diplomats me te mau melo ratou hapu ki te tukanga rite takitahi mō ngā kerēme i roto i te faatura o ona āhuatanga, i runga i te kainga tupu mau mai ratou mahi painga whaiaro ranei.

Ki te te māngai takawaenga ranei tangata atu e oaoa wātea i te mate, kua unu ki te marae, ko ia i roto i te heke mai - i roto i tenei take - e kore e taea e whakawhirinaki i runga i ona mau haamaitairaa.

wātea i te mate Hātepe Kirimina

Ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i mea ao te kai e kī e fiefia āpiha takawaenga mate i te hāmene, e kore nei te tikanga "tuku o te taunahatanga" me "aukati" i te hōkai o te whiu ture. Hei tauira, tuhinga 11 o te Kawenata i runga i nga Painga, me Immunities o te Shanghai mahi tahi Organization o 17 Pipiri 2004 whakaritea e i runga i te rohe o whenua mema o te whakatōpū o ona rangatira e kore e taea te pupuri ha'isia mo ratou o e whakaatu ana, tānga me ētahi atu mahi i tangohia i roto i te mahia o te mau ohipa .

wātea i te mate takawaenga i roto i te ture taihara kore titau te whakaoranga o diplomats ke, me te tahi atu tangata ki te mau fana'oraa rite i taunahatanga taihara me te impossibility tūturu o te tono i tetahi o te ture ture taihara o Russia i te faatura o te he i mahia e ratou. Ko te mate takawaenga i roto i toihara te tikanga e kore e taea e te pirihimana te kōkiri i whakawātanga toihara i roto i te faatura o taua kaupapa whai wāhi ratou rite whakapae whakawakia ranei. kia tukua atu tetahi tomokanga o te take taihara i raro i te paratarafa 2 o te Wāhanga 1 o te Upoko 24 o te Kirimina Hātepe Code o te Russian Federation e tika ana ki te kore o te taunakitanga.

wātea i te mate takawaenga me tona auraa ture extraordinarily nui, no te mea i roto i te tikanga maha whakatau te hononga i waenganui i te āhua rerekē. ka hei Māngai o ētahi atu whenua e mahi rite te "reo" o te tahi atu mau faatereraa, inviolable, me te pakaru o te ture e tautea ārai whanaunga i te taumata o te ao, me te whakapanga o ngā aukati tonu.