He aha te mea te tohatoha, me te aha, ko tona auraa i roto i te mahi o kaiao

kaiao ora katoa, nga tangata o te whenua, he pūnaha koiora tuwhera. Ki te mau tonu Me ratou ora te whiwhinga o te kai, te wai me te hāora i te taiao o waho, me te tango o ngā hua pūkoro. Mahino, hiahiatia he taua para whiriwhiri te ki mau tonu homeostasis o te tinana ora. He aha ai tenei kore o te parau tumu? puta te mate e tika ana ki te poisoning o te pūtau ake metabolites.

whai wāhi Evolution ki te putanga o tinana e mahi ana i te mahi o te tango i tāoke. I teie mahana, E ratou nga māngai katoa o te kararehe, mai i te māmā ki te tangata. I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka kitea e tatou i roto i te mea he kōwhiringa, me ki te tūhura ona āhuatanga, āhuatanga o te rōpū nui o kaiao.

mōhiohio whānui

Kaiao arā, o te pūtau kotahi, i te pūnaha tino o te whaiaro ture-a detoxification, i hanga kia rite ki te hua o te dissimilation. Hei tauira, nekehia Pūora Proteus me Euglena matomato tāoke me te wai i te taikaha roto i te membrane pūtau me te contractile miru. āta reira e te kōwhiringa o metabolites he urutaunga ohie ki te hanganga tinana me te noho rōwai. kaiao Multicellular haafifi i te tukanga o te tango i tāoke. I roto i te papatahi, a tawhio noa, annelids me mollusks puta ngongo - iraoho metanephridia ranei.

Hoki pukupuku āhuatanga e repe matomato, a kei te whanake ngā ngārara oko Malpighian me te tinana ngako. Ko te ahua o te rauoro me te kōhiwi ā radically taui tukanga tohatoha. Biology o vertebrates heheu te hanganga o whekau matatini - tākihi takirua. Fakakaukau ki to ratou hanganga me te mahi i runga i.

Evolution o te pūnaha puha

Ika i te mesonephros rīpene-rite, e takoto ana i runga i tetahi taha o te toto tuaiwi me te tātari. Amphibians kiato whēkau puha kei roto i te pūwaha sacral. O enei, haere te mimi awa mimi ki te cloaca. Ko te ahua o te tākihi papatoiake i roto i ngā ngārara, ngā manu, kararehe, me te tangata - ko te aromorphosis nui.

whakamana nephron tākihi rua tukanga physico-matū matatini: tātari toto, me te reabsorption mimi tuatahi. Ka rite ki te hua, kei te te toto tino horoia o tāoke, e whakarato ana te taumata physiologically noa o homeostasis.

I roto i te mutunga

I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka titiro matou ki te mea he kōwhiringa. Na e matau ana koutou ki nga āhuatanga o tenei tukanga i roto i ngā rōpū rerekē o kaiao.