He aha te mea te horopeta whenumi o radiation?

i oti rawa ana tēnei tuhinga ki te kaupapa o te whenumi horopeta radiation (me-raa), ionizing radiation me o ratou momo. Kei te reira i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kanorau, te āhua, puna, tikanga o te tätaitanga, wae o te inenga o te horopeta radiation whenumi me te ake.

Ko te ariā o te horopeta whenumi o radiation

radiation horopeta - he uara, whakamahia nei e taua sciences rite ahupūngao me te radiobiology, i roto i te tikanga ki te aromatawai i te pānga o te ionizing radiation i runga i te momo o te kiko o ngā kaiao ora, o ratou tukanga pūkoro tinana, me te taonga. huaina aha ko te horopeta whenumi o radiation, he aha te mea tona uara, ahua me te pānga o te momo o ngā puka? Te nuinga tukua atu i roto i te puka o te pāhekoheko i waenganui i te reo, me te radiation ionizing, a kua karangatia e te pānga ionization.

He horopeta whenumi o te radiation ona ake tikanga me ngā waeine, me te whīwhiwhi me te momo o te tukanga i raro i radiation whakaputa he kanorau i roto i ngā puka whenumi horopeta.

Ionizing puka radiation

Ionizing radiation - he awa o ngā momo rerekē o matūriki pūmotu, pūaho ranei hangaia rite ki te hua o te whakangotangota me te pūmanawa nga whatiwhatinga ki meinga ionization o te taonga. e kore he nui ki te hanga i te ionization ngota, me te rāpoi i roto i te āhua matua hihi katinga radiation, me te te ahua kitea o te marama ki tenei momo o te radiation e kore te tono, pera kahore ratou e ngā te radiation pōkākā tukuna e te momo me te reo irirangi here, e tika ana ki to ratou nui iti o te pūngao.

puka Ionizing o radiation, tona āhua me ngā puna

taea ana te ruri te horopeta whenumi o ionizing radiation i roto i ngā waeine rerekē o te SI, ka tei runga i te āhua o te radiation. Ko te momo tino nui o te radiation: hihi kama, matūriki peta me ngā irahiko, positrons, ngā iramoe, katote (tae atu ki ngā korakora ārepa), X-ray, ngaru hiko ki poto (pūaho pūngao tiketike) me te muon.

Nature ionizing puna radiation taea e tino kanorau, hei tauira, māhorahora puta pūāhua pirau radionuclide wāhi tauhohe o hihi momo radionuclides horihori reactors karihi, whakatere o matūriki pūmotu, me te ara taputapu tikanga mo te X-ray.

Me pēhea te he te rongo ki ionizing radiation

Tei runga i te huarahi e ai te kaihoko i pāhekoheko, me te ionizing radiation, rere taea te taratahi matūriki whakatupato tika momo me te radiation faaitehia te autaki, i roto i te kupu atu, he pūaho he kurupae iraoho ranei, rere matūriki kūpapa. pūrere hanganga taea ki te tīpako i te tuatahi, me te ahua tuarua o ionizing radiation. whakaritea horopeta whenumi o te radiation te i runga ki te momo o te iraruke ki i te kaipehi o te taonga e ki, hei tauira, pānga kaha hihi horopeta whai hua i wāhi i runga i te mata o Papatūānuku, i waho te taupoki, ko 0,036 mSv / h. kia hoki kia mohio ki te reira e te momo me te horopeta inenga-raa, me ona auau tei runga i te moni o te maha o ngā āhuatanga, korero o hihi rangi, reira hoki tei runga i te momo geomagnetic ahopae me te tūranga koropiko tahi tau mahi kōmaru.

Ionizing ngā pūngao matūriki kei roto i te whānui i o tohu rau eV te tokorua, me tae mai ki ngä tohu 10 ^15-20 volts irahiko. Ko te roa ara, me te kătahi kaha kia rerekē whānui, me ngā i te maha micrometers ki mano o kiromita atu ranei.

Familiarization ki te horopeta puaretanga

whakaaro pānga ionization te he taketake momo āhuatanga o ngā taunekeneke ki te marama taiao. I roto i te wā tuatahi o te hanganga o te radiation dosimetry te nuinga e ako me-whakaturia, nga ngaru hiko e takoto i roto i te taupū hihi katinga i waenganui, me te kama radiation, e tika ana ki te meka e te whānui horapa i te rangi. Na reira, he mehua ine mo te mara radiation ko te taumata o te rangi ionization. Tenei mehua ko te pūtake mō te hanganga o te horopeta te rongo whakaritea e ionization o te rangi i raro i te pēhanga noa kōhauhau, me kia maroke te rangi ano.

kaimahi Mārakerake radiation horopeta whenumi ki te whakatau i te kaha o ionizing radiation o X-hihi, me te kama-ray whakaaturanga pūngao marama e whakamanawanui te faafariuraa ka te pūngao neke o ngā korakora i ako i roto i te ōwehenga taimaha o te rangi kōhauhau.

Unit o inenga o radiation momo horopeta te rongo whenumi - ko te wāhanga tautau SI wehea e kirokaramu (C / kg). Kind o kōwae atu-pūnaha - X-ray (R). Kotahi tautau / kg ōrite ki te 3876 X-ray.

nui adsorbed

Ko te horopeta whenumi o te-raa rite te whakamāramatanga mārama, kua riro te reira e tika ana ki te tangata i roto i te hononga ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo ka taea o te rongo o te radiation i te kikokiko o mea ora, me te ara hanganga popohe. whakakitea te whakanui koe mōhiotia whānui o ngā momo me te ionizing-raa e taea e te tohu o te mana, me te pānga rawa kanorau, me te kore he kaupapa ki te whakamāramatanga mua. Homai ara ki huringa matū me te tinana i roto i te kikokiko, me te taonga i raro ki te irradiation, i taea e anake he nui motuhake o te pūngao whenumi ionizing momo radiation. Ko te tau anake e hiahiatia ana ki te tīmata i enei huringa tei runga i te momo o te radiation. Whenumi horopeta-raa, me te ana i reira mo tenei take. I roto i te meka, tenei uara pūngao i raro nei te ki te kōwae absorption me te taonga hāngai ki te momo ionizing o te pūngao e i whenumi me te taimaha o te tumu parau ahanoa ranei e absorbs radiation.

whenumi mehua horopeta te whakamahi i te hina kōwae (GY) - wāhanga o te pūnaha SI. Kotahi hina - ko te nui o te horopeta e taea te whakawhiti i tetahi joule o ionizing radiation 1 kirokaramu taimaha. Koa - wae atu-pūnaha o te mehua o te uara o te 1 GY hāngai ki te 100 rad.

Ko te horopeta whenumi i roto i te koiora

mārama whakaatu irradiation kararehe me te tipu te kopa Artificial e ngā momo rerekē o te radiation, i i te horopeta whenumi taua kia rerekē pā te tinana me nga tukanga koiora, me te matū katoa tupu roto. meinga tenei e te nui rerekētanga o ngā katote i hanga e te marama, me matūriki taimaha. tetahi hoki me te ara ano me te iraoho katote taea kiko waihanga neke atu i te irahiko. Ko te matūriki apiapi kohia e ionization, te kaha ka hei te radiation tahoroa pānga i runga i te tinana, i raro i te horopeta whenumi taua. E te rite ki tenei āhuatanga, te rerekētanga i roto i te mana o te pānga o ngā momo rerekē o te radiation ki te kikokiko, kua whakaurua ki roto ki te whakamahi o te ti'araa whängainga ōrite. Ōrite whenumi horopeta radiation - ko te raraunga o te radiation riro e te tohu tinana tatau e whakanuia te horopeta whenumi me whakarea ngā, i huaina tau whakarea o te whai huatanga koiora whanaunga (RBE). Engari kia rite ki te maha reira kīia ki rite te take kounga.

Unit o momo ōrite radiation horopeta whenumi whanganga i SI, ara i roto i te sievert (SV). Ko rite ki te horopeta hāngai o tetahi radiation whenumi e te e kotahi manokaramu o te take mai koiora me te kikokiko ai te pānga rite ki te 1 GY radiation te rongo o te momo pūaho kotahi SV. REM - whakamahia rite extrasystematic whanganga tohu koiora (ōrite) o whängainga whenumi. Ka hāngai 1 SV ki te rau beram.

Ko te puka horopeta whai hua

Ko te horopeta whai hua - he mehua o te uara, whakamahia nei te rite te mehua o te mōrea o ngā pānga roa-whānui o te rongo tangata, ona wahi takitahi o te tinana i te kiko, me te whakamutu ki te mana. e tenei ki pūkete tona radiosensitivity takitahi. Ko te horopeta radiation whenumi rite ki te hua o te horopeta koiora i etahi wahi o te tinana i te whakarea taimaha.

Various kopa tangata me okana i rerekē susceptibility radiation. Ka taea e ētahi tinana i tetahi uara tohu ōrite whenumi horopeta i raro takanga pea o te mate pukupuku i te etahi, hei tauira, ko te iti rawa i roto i te pūkahukahu te tupono o te mate o te thyroid. No te mea te whakamahi iwi tauwehe mōrearea pumau o radiation. CRE - Ko te tikanga ki te whakatau i te horopeta-raa, me te ngä okana kiko ranei. mana taupū Whakarāpopototanga i runga i te rauropi tatau he horopeta whai hua e whakanuia te tokomaha e hāngai ana ki te horopeta koiora CRC okana motuhake, te kopa.

Ko te ariā o te whängainga ngā

He he he ariā o te absorption o te horopeta o te rōpū i te mea te moni o nga uara takitahi o te plurality o pota whai hua o te rōpū motuhake o ngā kaupapa mo te tetahi wā o te wā. Ka taea te hanga tātaitanga mo tetahi whakataunga, ki runga ki nga whenua katoa konitinēniti ranei. whakanuia hoki tenei toharite e te horopeta whai hua, me te tapeke o ngā kaupapa kitea ki te radiation. whanganga taua taupū e whenumi horopeta te whakamahi i te-sievert tangata (SV tiau.).

I tua atu ki te momo i runga o te horopeta whenumi, wehea ano, kommitmentnuyu, paepae, ngātahi, ki te ārai, rohe, te horopeta iramoe momo kama-whakamate iti koiora.

Ko te pānga o te horopeta me te wae

irradiation tohu kaha - te whakauru o te horopeta motuhake o te radiation i raro i te mana o etahi o te kōwae wā ruri. Ko tūturu i roto i te horopeta rerekētanga tenei uara (whenumi ōrite et al.) PEREHE e te wae wā. He maha ngā wae hangaia ritenga.

whakaritea horopeta whenumi o te radiation e te tātai me te momo motuhake e tika ana o te nui radiation whenumi o te radiation (koiora, whenumi, whakaaturanga, me ētahi atu). He maha ngā huarahi o te tātai ratou i runga i rerekē parau tumu pāngarau, me te whakamahi i ngā wae ine rerekē. Tauira o wae ine ko:

1. puka Integral - Kerei-kirokaramu i roto i te pūnaha SI whanganga te i roto i te rad-karamu.
2. whanganga sievert i roto i te pūnaha SI te - - ōrite ki te momo i roto i Rems.
3. whanganga tautau-kirokaramu i roto i te pūnaha SI te - - momo Mārakerake i roto i te X-hihi.

He atu wae inenga ōrite ki ētahi atu momo o te horopeta radiation whenumi.

ngā kitenga

Tātari enei oko, ka taea e tatou e faaoti e reira e maha ngā momo, me e rua te ionizing-raa, me ngā puka o tona pānga i runga i te taonga o te whakaoho, me te āhua popohe. Kua whanganga katoa o ratou, ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i ngā waeine SI, ka hāngai ia momo ki te tetahi pūnaha me te wae ine pūnaha-kore. Pūtake o ratou e taea e rawa rerekē, e rua māori, me te horihori, me te radiation ano e whai wāhi koiora nui.