Hā Analyzer: hanganga me te mahi

mohio a te mōhiohio e haere mai ana i te ao waho e to tatou rongo. No te mea o ratou mahi whiriwhiri o te tinana tangata e taea ki te whakautu tōtika ki ngā huringa katoa i roto i te taiao ko te. Ko te hua mutunga o te mahi o ara rongo, titiro, haunga, reka, sensation tūturu me vestibular sensations nga rongo, ko te putanga me te āhukahuka o whakaohooho.

Ko te nui physiologist I. Russian P. Pavlov kitea e te hanganga o sensations tango tetahi wahi o te pokapū cortical roro ki nei nga raru whakaroto o te oaoa mai i te mau farii ohipa io. Pūnaha arā, o ngā wāhanga o te uho kaka me huarahi - raru me receptors, ka karanga ia i nga pūnaha analyzer pūoko ranei. Gustatory analyzer, hanganga me ngā mahi o nei e tautuhia i roto i tona kikokiko, me ngā āhuatanga morphological, ka e te uiui i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ko te tikanga o te takanga o te reka

Tata matū katoa e whakamahi tatou rite kai, reka. Te whaiaroaro e 4 reka taketake: reka, kawa, kawa me te tote tirohanga me te pārōnaki analyzer e mahi hā. Ka taea te faataa Taste rite rāpoi tirohanga o ngā matū matū ngā i roto i te mau farii ohipa kai kei roto i te mangai, me te i runga i te arero. Hei matau ki ta te mea te mahi o te analyzer reka, tahuri tatou ki te ako o tona hanganga. Na, whakaaro kanohi rite tenei rohe o to tatou tinana.

Tari pangia e analyzer

I roto i to tatou tinana, i reira te mea he pūnaha motuhake, e he kawenga mō te whakarongo, titiro, kakara, me rongo tūturu. ngā o toru nga wahi Gustatory analyzer, hanganga me ngā mahi o nei tatou ako. huaina ana te tuatahi ko te piringa, receptor ranei. Ia kite tonu nga whakaohooho o te taiao e meinga te hopearaa karere i roto i te opape ngoikore, e whakaahua ana ki ponana bioelectric.

E tuku ana ratou i roto i te wehenga tuarua o te analyzer o reka - Pūtātaki. Kei te māngai ia e te karere afferent. Na roto i te rōpū, e tomo te reira i te analyzer wahi hā cortical, i te mea rohe roro motuhake, me ai reira ko te hanganga o te reka.

Āhuatanga o te piringa

Hā analyzer, rite whakahuatia mua, ngā reira o toru nga wahi. A feruri i roto i te kōrero atu te receptor piringa wehea ranei. Kei te tuku te reira i chemoreceptors akiaki Tārewa i te puka o pūhui matū rerekē, ka whakaae ratou i runga i te kaha, kounga (modality) me te kaha. Chemoreceptors he wahi o te reka puku, topuku ranei e te mangai ira, me te arero. Ko te mutunga io e te hunga tairongo ki reka tote, kei runga i te matamata o te arero, me te ki runga ki nga taha, ki te kawa - i te pakiaka o te arero, ki te reka - i runga i te matamata, ki kawa - i runga i te taha.

E kore e te tupu reka rawa haere tika ki te mata o te membrane mucous o te reo, a ka te hono ki reira i roto i pangia e pore. Kei roto i ia chemoreceptor i 40 ki te 50 Villi. Ko te matū ngā i roto i te whakapā kai, ka mukākā ratou, ai roto i te wahi piringa o gustatory tukanga whakaongaonga pūnaha puta, okeoke i roto i te mahimahi. Ki te tau, kua nui haere te iwi o te reka tūtohutanga paepae, arā, te kaha ki te mohio ki te rongo kanorau memeha.

I roto i te kararehe, i te tūtohutanga o te analyzer reka ki tau whakauaua taui, ano, kua nui atu whakahuatia te hononga i waenganui i te reka me ngā pūnaha olfactory. Hei tauira, i roto i te ngeru pangia e puku e wā kotahi ano (Jacobson korere) te mau hopearaa io ihu, e whai wāhi ana ki te kaitahi para whakahāwea te kounga o te kai.

Kia pehea te te wahi waea

Tonu ki te tūhura i ngā wāhanga o te reka analyzer, whakaaro pehea e taea ponana karere i chemoreceptors tae te roro. Ki te mahi i tenei, i reira ko te wahi o te waea. Kei te māngai reira e te ara muka kotahi. Kei roto te reira i te torutoru raru: kanohi, glossopharyngeal, vagus, me reo. Ko reira hoki a ia i te ponana io tae i roto i te kakau roro - i roto i te oblongata medulla me te piriti, a i a ratou - ki te thalamus whatu (thalamus) me, hopea, i roto i te taupa pae tino o te uho kaka.

Tūkino ki te hā analyzer kaiwhakahaere wahi, hei tauira, ka rite ki te hua o te paresis karere kanohi hua i roto i te mate te kanohi o te reka tūtohutanga. I roto i te wawaotanga hāparapara, hei tauira, i roto i ngā mahi i runga i te wāhanga angaanga kanohi heke āriponga o ponana karere haere raru wahi mokemoke, rawa te kanohi, me nga vagus, e arata'i hoki ki te hekenga i roto i reka tūtohutanga.

pūnaha gustatory tari Cortical

wahi Cortical o tetahi analyzers ngā tika kanohi e te wahi hāngai o te pūnaha io pokapū, kei roto i te uho kaka. kawea te reira i roto i nga mahi matua o te analyzer reka - perception me te rerekētanga i roto i te reka. Whakaongaonga o raru rerenga centripetal ki te taupa pae tino o te uho haaparuparu, te wahi puta pārōnaki whakamutunga tote, kawa, reka, me te kawa reka o te kai.

Ko te hononga o te hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer reka

E te tühonohono te katoa pūnaha gustatory wehenga e toru. Tūkino ki tetahi o enei wahi (receptor, waea puru ranei) ranei ratou hononga ki tahi i te tahi ahu ki te mate o te kaha ki te kite i te reka me te whakahāwea. Kikokiko analyzer hanganga hā whakatau te pū o te sensations hā e puta tika ana ki te whakaongaonga o nga chemoreceptors o puku reka.

Hiahia. Te aha i haere mai ia i?

hiahia aronganui me te whaiaroaro i roto i horomanga kai me nga mana'o pai e ara ake i te aroaro o tona kohi i roto i te akoranga o te kai, ka karanga hiahia. I tona hanganga i roto i tua ki te okana ataata whai wāhi me te reka pūnaha olfactory.

Ko te momo kakara o te kai, me te, o te akoranga, e makatuunga tona reka whakaohooho, meinga te hopearaa karere i roto i te tukanga excitation puku reka. tomo ia te pokapū kūnatu kei roto i te oblongata medulla, a hoki i roto i te hanganga o te pūnaha limbic me te thalamus.

pūkaha āhukahuka mouthfeel

Ka rite ki te panga pūtaiao kī physiologists excitation i kai, olfactory me akiaki ataata (reka, ahua me te kakara o te kai) i roto i te reo o nga chemoreceptors. Whakaaetanga o ngā momo rerekē o te reka (kawa, reka, kawa, tote) me atarangi i hanga i roto i mahi tātari, me te waihanga o te roro o te wahi teitei - i te uho kaka. Tona taupa pae tino , me ko te pokapū o te reka.

pathologies Various me injuries, e whakamamaetia analyzer hā mata ki ageusia - mate wāhanga oti ranei o sensations reka. Ka taea hoki te tupu te reira i roto i te tangata hauora rite ki te hua o mate romahā viral (Rhinitis, pakohu kakā) i nei kitea ngawhatanga te mucosa nasopharyngeal. Tūāhuruiti (wera i roto i ngā tukanga inflammatory i roto i te tinana) te whakaiti hoki te tūtohutanga o chemoreceptors.

tātari kai Touch

Ahakoa te hanganga o te analyzer reka iwi katoa rite, etahi o tatou, e tika ana ki, te tuatahi o nga mea katoa, ngā āhuatanga ira, te mea he paepae iti. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira he nui ake te kaha ki te tauwehewehe atu tae kai me rongo. Ko te analyzer o reka me te olfactory iwi pērā i huaina tasters taea te tītore i reka me hongi, hei tauira, i 200 ki te 450 momo o tea. Te nuinga o tatou te whakamahi i te pūnaha rongo reka matua mo te tātari o te palatability o kai, reira ua oaoa to ratou hiahia mo te kai hou me te kounga e tika ana mō te mahi noa o te wahi gastrointestinal.

Chemoreceptors pangia e kia rerekē tūtohutanga. Ko te kupu, e faarahi te reira i roto i hapūtanga (tohu toxicosis), i roto i, hohipera, te ahotea. I raro i taea te whakakaha tikanga noa o te reka, hei tauira, mahana kai ki te 30-40 ° C. whakamahia tēnei tikanga i roto i te tukanga o ine i te reka o te kai me te inu. Hei tauira, te waina, me te pia i mua i whakamātau tika wera.

arotake tenei tuhinga i te hanganga me te mahi o te analyzer reka. I whakawakia ano hoki te reira i tona tūranga i roto i te tirohanga, me te pārōnaki o nga whakaohooho o te taiao.