Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov: koiora (whakaahua)

I roto i to tatou whenua, me huri noa te ao e pai mohiotia te ingoa o te cosmonaut Leonov. Alexei Leonov tuatahi i roto i te wāhi o waho i hanga he kiriata ataata, mahue te waka ātea. I roto i tenei tuhinga ka whakaatu matou a koutou pehea i reira, me te aha i whakawhiwhia e ia te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union mo te whakatinanatanga o te taua mahi nui mau rave'a ohie. whakamārama hoki he aha, hoki tenei misioni whiriwhiria Sergey Korolov reira. Haurongo Alekseya Leonova - ko te whakarau o te tangata Soviet noa o te whānau tino noa.

tamarikitanga

whanau Alexei Leonov i roto i 1934 i roto i te kainga Siberian o Listvyanka, kei nei i roto i te rohe Kemerovo. utuafare rahi i ia i roto i nei te tamaiti tuawaru, whai wāhi i roto i te mahi kaiahuwhenua. Te papa, he hiko tereina i te Donbass, i muri i te Pakanga Civil, oho ia ki Siberia mo tona papa, te koroua o te vavā heke mai, a ka anga ka mahi i rite te mātanga kararehe. noho Mother i roto i enei wahi i mua. I whakahekea Alekseya Leonova koroua ki enei wahi mo ratou whai wāhi i roto i te mau ohipa hou o 1905.

Matua o te cosmonaut heke mai Arhip Leonov, te tangata mahara, me te kaimahi pakeke, kua riro te faatura i roto i te käinga, me te i pōtitia tiamana o te kaunihera kainga. E kore kua te ngaru o te tāmitanga Karo me te whānau. Matua i roto i te 1936 ki te tāmitanga, engari i roto i te 1939, ki te whakahoki i te tika, me te tino tika.

Mō te utuafare mātua me te tamarikitanga mohiotia Alexei iti te. Te tūmanako, ka waiho e ia i te pukapuka taipitopito o pukapuka.

I roto i te 1938, oho whaea o Alexei ki Kemerovo. I reira, ka tupu ake, ka haere ia ki te kura. Ko e iwa nga tau kaiauroro Tuatahi.

I roto i te tau 1948 oho te whānau ki te noho tūturu i roto i te hou, rohe ki te hauauru o te Soviet Union. Kaliningrad ko te oire hoki Alekseya Arhipovicha. Tam ko tona ora te utuafare i teie mahana. I roto i tetahi o nga tapawhā i roto i te wahi pokapū o te pa ko te tohu i roto i te kororia o ngā kaihōpara wāhi. Taketake reira i te huarahi, mau i te ingoa cosmonaut Leonov.

Mahi - toa pairati

Interest i roto i te take lotnomu Alexei Leonov kihai i whakatika i te tupono noa. Tona tuakana, Pita Arkhipovich, ko he toolmaker, he tohunga nui i roto i to ratou mara. Ia hihiko faaite tona matauranga ki Alesha.

Haunga hangarau Alexei Arkhipovich paanga i roto i te hākinakina. I whai wāhi ia i roto i te taiapa, pahikara, tao me kaipara. He para. Tona moni i roto i te peita whakawhanakehia ki te taranata nui.

Kaliningrad, fakatāutaha waia ki Alekseem Arhipovichem, mahara e ko ia he taata nui - whakahoahoa, sipoti, koa, me te atawhai.

Ko te mātauranga rererangi tuatahi Alexei Leonov ka i roto i Kremenchug, i roto i te kura rere. Na ka ako ia i te toa pairati Higher School Chuguyivske, i muri nei, i roto i te mutunga o nga rima tekau, rere i runga i te whawhai manureva.

Ko te rōpū tuatahi o cosmonauts

Sergei Korolev rawa āta whiriwhiri ngā kaitono ki te rere ki te wāhi. Ko te record ara Alekseya Leonova i tua ki te āhuatanga pai o te wahi o te mahi, me te pai whakangungu sipoti kua ake me te taunga toa rererangi mig-15bis i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino ki te pūkaha e kinakitia. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga Heoi i uru ia ki te tuatahi, Gagarin, cosmonaut corps, i ngā o e rua tekau iwi.

Na roto i te spacewalk i rite Alexei Leonov maitai. I tua atu ki tona kapa o cosmonauts i te tahi atu, kaitono rite tika. Tenei Valery Bykovsky ko Pavel Popovich, ko Victor Gorbatenko, ko Vladimir Komarov, ko Ivan Anikeev, me etahi atu. He katoa o 20 iwi. Tū, ia o ratou i taea akakoromaki ki tetahi āhuatanga whakataruna. etehi S. P. Korolov mo Alexei Arkhipovich rite te tangata e taea tino tika whakaahua i te ongo o te wāhi. A i reira.

Ahakoa te meka e toutou me tino mahi taka mo te spacewalk ki runga i runga i te whenua, ki katoa te whakarato whakamatauria e taea.

ka mau Training wahi i roto i nga ruma motuhake, te wahi whakataruna weightlessness. I roto i runga ki te tinana o te kuputohu takitahi, me te tango ki pūkete te pēhanga hau i roto i te take me te tikanga ambient whakawa tūmanako i hangaia wehe i raro i ia vavā.

Tika i whakatau i ngā āhuatanga katoa rerekē mō tangata o taiao te whenua i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga kihai i taea. Hoki tenei take, i kitea te astronauts tuatahi ki te tūpono nui.

Ko te pono e pā ana ki te rere - he tātau mo nga tangata o te USSR

Waiho Leonov i tuwhera wāhi e taea te kite i roto i te pakipūmeka, e ngā whatiwhatinga tangohia ratou ki te kāmera. titiro te reira i pikitia rawa mīharo peita e ia. Ko te ahua tangohia o te kaipuke tenei, ko te muri, i roto i te take, Alexei Leonov. aroaro pikitia pikitia i roto i tenei tuhinga. Me mea e ahau e i roto i nga wa Soviet ki te kite e taea anake tenei peita tīpako. rahi kaipuke iti whakaritea ki ona pāhihi e rua e kore titiro whakamīharo noa. E takoha ratou ki te titiro i te pionie wāhi rite iwi itoito nui.

puritia ngā taipitopito o tenei hui i roto i nga wa Soviet i ngaro. kua kore e kua mōhio o nga miscalculations hapa o te pūtaiao motu, me te hangarau tia ranei te taupori.

Ko te peita, e whakaatu Alexei Leonov, te tangata wāhi tuatahi kei roto i te rere noa, he kitea: he pera iti e papaki ana e taea e uru te reira e rua iwi āhuatanga o te kaipuke. No wāhi free. Ae ko reira, i runga i te whāinga whakaturia mo nga astronauts me te wa i ratou i roto i te rere, a kihai i reira e tika ana.

Te rere tuatahi, whakaahua

I roto i 1965, i te waka ātea Soviet "Voskhod-2" hanga i te rere a tawhio noa te whenua. Ko te whakaaro matua ko ki te whakamatautau i te taea o te tangata, me ngā pūrere hanga i runga i te whenua ki te kawe i roto i te mahi i roto i te korehau. Ko te waka - Pavel Belyayev me Alexei Leonov.

E toru nga tau faaineineraa te faarevaraa, a 1 anake ra, 2 haora, 2 meneti, me 17 hēkona o rere, me te wa i roto i te wāhi tuwhera - 23 meneti, me 41 hēkona. i haere tahi Spacewalk Alekseya Leonova e te faaatea i te kaipuke i 5.35 mita. roa te reira i 12 meneti, me te 9 hēkona. I hono te kaipōkai ki te kaipuke taura, rite rawa ki te matau, me te koropiko. Ua tauturu matau Perestogivanie ki whakatata neke atu i te waka ātea ki te roa e hiahiatia ana ranei.

Ko te mahi matua, i ko ki te mahi i Alexei Leonov i wāhi - kei te whakaahua ki te kāmera ataata, me te mikrofotoapparat. Video i maitai pera tae noa ki ko reira taea i raro i te reira āhua o te toi. Engari tangohia whakaahua ki mikrofotoapparata, noho i roto i te iti, i taka te rahi o te pātene, te take tuwhera,. Nā ki te deformation o te take kaipōkai kore i taea te tiki ake i te taura, te mahi i te mahi o nga pātene kāmera, me putea kekeno whāhauhau, kua oti nei te hoatu ki runga ki tona mutunga, kua tae mai atu i roto i te putanga i te kuwaha. mau ia i runga i te taupoki manhole.

Ko te fakafokifā o te spacesuit

kihai i Spacesuit Alexei rawa tino. I whakamatauria te reira i te rerekētanga mōrahi taea i waenganui i te pēhanga o waho, me te ā, e taea te whakataruna i runga i te whenua. ko tawhiti rawa atu i te mea e wahi i roto i te wāhi ia. Ko te pēhanga i roto i te take - 600 mm HG. tīwae waho - 9 mm. Ka rite ki te hua, kua ballooned reira. kihai ianei ora i te rara ngā me pokohiwi. Ringa me waewae e kore ki te tiki i ki te mutunga o nga, karekau, ka kihakiha waewae. Kua riro te take capsule he whakatoi,, i hainatia he iwi rawakore. Pavel Belyayev, ka kite te rangatira te mea i haere i runga i ki te Leonova take, engari e kore e taea e te āwhina tetahi mea. tata Alexei Arkhipovich e pā ana ki tetahi haora, hopoi ia hāora parakore me hauota, i te mea reira i roto i te hau manawa i runga i te kaipuke, kia horoi ake tenei wa i te toto. faaoti ia ki te atawhai pēhanga i roto i te spacesuit. Kei te araia te reira i te ako, engari te mea atu e kore ia kua kite i. Ki te noho tonu te hauota i roto i te toto, kua ia e kohua, me taua mate auraa. kihai i hauota, ko Alex Arkhipovich, hopu me matau taura otstogivaya, hanga ana e ia ki te tatau.

Takaporepore i roto i te airlock

ko iti iho i te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana mo te vavā, e kākahu whanui pokohiwi i roto i waho Rahi airlock pao -. 68 cm I whakatuwheratia te tatau kei te roto, me te waharoa diameter - 1 m, e kore e taea ki te tahuri a tawhio roto reira. Alexei Arkhipovich ki uru i roto i, me te hiritia titi iho nga pao, ko reira tika ki rānei te whakaiti i te rahi o te taupoki pao ranei te whakaiti i te lodgement. Noa whakanui i kore kua taea te rahi o te kaipuke. Hoki te tiaki o te rahi kuwaha ā-ko ia Alexei Leonov. Access ki wāhi me te hoki ki te kaipuke, te raupapa tino kouma o kaupae āta Whakatikaina me toutou mahi i runga i simulators. Engari ako ratou akoranga, engari e kore e kua te mooni stinted i runga i te hitimahuta.

haere ki raro Cosmonaut ki te sunroof, rite fokotu'u atu hāneanea me te upoko. Hei Batten iho te pao e hiahiatia ana ki te tohatoha i te tinana 180 nekehanga. Ko te mahi i roto i te tirohanga o te rahi me te tightness waharoa vavā arhitrudnaya. Alexei Arkhipovich i muri haamana'o e tona pini auau i te mutunga o tenei takaporepore i 200 kapakapa ki te meneti, me te werawera ki ona kanohi awa on. Na, e ti'a ia tatou wehe i te kuwaha, a ka taea e koe te hoki te kāinga ki te whenua. Otiia tahuri reira i roto i taua warea.

I muri i te wehenga o te kaipuke airlock timata ki te takahuri a tawhio noa tona tuaka, a roto tīmata te pēhanga ki te tupu. taea noa astronauts titiro i nga mea whakatangi. Kāti ko taea te tukanga. whakaiti ratou pāmahana me te haumākū runga poari. tonu Pressure ki te tupu. Ko te mura iti - ko ki te kaipuke e kia puhia ki te rāpoi ngota. I te tahi vahi, momotuhia Alexei Leonov me Pavel Belyaev - rānei te kohatu, moe ranei. I muri mai, ka pānui i te hoahoa mea, tahuri reira i roto i taua tae i te pēhanga i roto i te waka hei utu o nga atmospheres 160 te tohu o te 920 mm HG, i muri nei ka māhorahora whakaiti i te reira.

Ko te take i ko te kaipuke e pā ana ki te haora i roto i te tūranga pateko hira ake ranei. wera tetahi taha o taua mea ki te +150 degrees ake te ra, me te tahi atu kei roto i te atarangi, hū ai ki -140 nekehanga. Ka rite ki te hua, ko te kaipuke te turuturu kati. Kua mahi Aunoatanga i te aratau o utu o te leakage o te hāora. I roto i te mutunga, hei te pēhanga kua pera tiketike e pinea roto te pao. Taatiraa ora ake a riro mea he tohu hāngai ki te tahe pēhanga te taikaha. Ko te jet o rangi i te waho o te taha o te kaipuke hoatu ana e ia he nekehanga takahuri.

Ko reira ki te aukati i te hurihanga, rite mea ratou, he mea o te tūāhua, e he ngāwari. Mua i reira ko tetahi atu mahi - taunga.

taunga Freelance

Kei te whakapono te reira e te tango-atu, me te taunga - te tukanga tino matatini i roto i te whakahaere o te waka ātea. "Voskhod-2" noho iho i roto i te aratau ā-. Engari o te wāhi whakaritea i Kustanai werohia ia ki te hawhe te hukarere mita muffled te Ural taiga 200 km i Perm. History fakahaofi astronauts i te whakarau taiga tika te pene motuhake. pau Alexei Leonov me Pavel Belyaev rua nga po, takai i roto i te kiri, tihore i te mata i roto o te kaipuke, mahana e te ahi, a Alexei Arkhipovich mahi mahi, toia ki runga ki nga pokohiwi o te hekerangi, ki piri ki nga tihi o nga paina. supply Food i ratou - Freeze-maroke kai, tiakarete, ngā pihikete me te tīhi ki te here wai.

Kia kitea te astronauts, a ko reira wha haora i muri i tata'o (i āwhina tenei te arai kiromita hekerangi rere karaka kanapa i kite noho o whakataunga tata), maka ratou kakahu mahana, me te kai, engari ki te tiki ki te kaiurungi, e kore i taea e fakahaofi. Hoki te hōneatanga i ki te whakarite i te wahi ki te whenua i te waka. tae kairarau ropu tinei ki kani, a whakawāteatia mahinga.

Idol me te whakapono

Alexei Leonov ta e Sergey Pavlovich Korolov, te kaihoahoa o te kaipuke wāhi Soviet, te kaihanga o te ahumahi wāhi i roto i te pūtaiao, me te ahumahi, te Kalisitiané pessimist me Mahalo, tangohia te ora hakari, me te heke mai, ko te noa he kotahi ai hamau mō astronauts ko neke atu i te matua. Ko ia atua ratou.

Me mea te reira kia e te Soviet waka ātea i tino pai ki kaipuke whakataetae 'i roto i ngā o te tika, me te haumaru - te United States. Mai to tatou whenua e timata o te hōpara ātea i roto i flights whakangungu a ngaro rima astronauts, i tanumia nga Ameliká 17 astronauts. Ko te take mo to tatou ati - te take tangata pera-ka karanga. kihai i Technology kore noa kotahi.

mate Valentin Bondarenko i roto i whakamātautau i runga i te pūmautanga hinengaro i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te oraraa mokemoke. ¶ A i te Institute o Aerospace Medicine i roto i te ahi i roto i te ruma hyperbaric. i patua Vladimir Komarov ka whakatō - kihai i whakatuwhera hekerangi. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov ko Viktor Patsaev patua e depressurization o te kaipuke i te wa o te whakatō.

rere ngaro

Te whati tuarua ko Alekseya Leonova ki kia tū i roto i Pipiri 1961. ngā te waka o toru astronauts - Alekseya Leonova, Valery Kubasova ko Pita Kolodin. Taimi nounou ki mu'a kitea te rā tīmatanga whakaritea o te poari hauora Valery iti mohimohiraa i roto i te pūkahukahu. I whakaritea e te reira ki te tukua atu te kaumoana tārua. Hoki te mua, ko reira he ati: e kore a Pita rere ki wāhi, me mo te tu-mai - i te whati waimarie. I whakamana hōtaka rere tīrama. I roto i anō-urunga puta te raruraru. pōhēhē whakatuwheratia astronauts taatiraa takirere.

hanga e te kaipuke i te taunga ngohengohe i roto i te rohe whakaritea, heoi kihai i taea e te whakaora i te iwi. Ko Viktor Patsaev, Vladislav Volkov ko Georgy Dobrovolsky.

rere tuarua

Aleksei Leonov i roto i te wāhi ko te rua. ka mau te rere tuatahi wahi i roto i Maehe 1965. haere te marae Alexei Leonov i roto i kotahi. Tona aromatawai - i roto i te wāhi ki te ora me te mahi.

tuarua te wa tae mai ia ki reira i roto i Hōngongoi 1976. Mahi i roto i te āmionga roa hoki 5 ra, 22 haora, 30 meneti, me 51 hēkona. Ko te kaupapa te ao. Ko te whāinga - kōwae tauranga me ngā pūtaiao. Rere i roto i te wāhi Soviet "Soyuz-19" ki Alexei Leonov ko Valeriem Kubasovym me te American "Apollo" ki toru astronauts - Thomas Stafford, Donald Slayton ko Vance Brand.

taranata o kaipeita

Ngā mihi ki te taranata toi o te kaipōkai tangata katoa i taea e ako rite waho kōhauhau o te whenua pehea titiro te ao, no te mea i te wa hua nga pikitia i roto i te wāhi, anake i roto i te pango me te ma. Mohoa noa nei, kei te whakaahua wāhi he tetahi whīwhiwhi. he tika ki te tahi atu atu i runga i te whenua mo te tuku kōrero taumira, he ahua o horapa o te hihi marama, tetahi ata tāhapa tenei.

Ko te ahurei o te kaitoi Alekseya Leonova i te meka i ko ia i runga i tona papa reo ki pū engineering tāruatia nga āhuatanga hangarau o te hangarau wāhi me te take vavā. whakaritea te titiro koi o te kaipeita aha ngā tae e kitea i roto i te tūāwhiorangi o whenua rangi.

whai wāhi Alexei Arkhipovich i te hanga o ngā pane kuini i runga i te kaupapa o te wāhi. I roto i ia o ratou - te hakari, me te heke mai o te hōpara ātea. He rawa ngā ki te whakaaro ratou. E mau ki te titiro i te whakaahua. taea te whakaaro Alekseya Leonova he nōna ki, taea ki te matapae i te heke mai, no te mea o te mea kanohi ia, kihai i ano i roto i aua tau.

Life i runga i te whenua

rua rere Alexei Arkhipovich ki wāhi. I whakawhiwhia ia e rua whetu o te Hero o te Soviet Union, te Order o Lenin me te Whero Star me mētara o to tatou whenua, me te ki waho, ko ia he tangata hōnore o toru tekau nga pa Russian, me te ke.

He rua kaupeka ingoa i muri ia ia, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te ao o te whetū Libra.

Alexei Leonov, Meiha Tianara Aviation rāhui, i oti rawa tona ora ki te hanganga. puta ia i te Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovskogo, tae atu paerua. Alexei Arkhipovich wa roa rave i roto i te whakangungu o astronauts me hoahoa taputapu wāhi. nona e ia te rangahau i roto i te mara o te whakakitenga tirohanga o te tae me te marama āhuatanga i muri i rere wāhi, wāhi me te tirohanga wā i roto i te wāhi, i te raruraru hinengaro o whati interplanetary, me te tahi atu mahi pūtaiao, me te whakamātau.

He whai hoa ia, me kotahi te tamahine, me te rua mokopuna kua.

Ko te timatanga o te toru o mano tau

I tēnei wā, ora cosmonaut Leonov Aleksey Arhipovich i Moscow. I roto i te mua, i roto i 2014, te tau o te Russian Federation te peresideni Vladimir Putin whakawhiwhia ia te Order "hoki Kaiaka» III tohu. Ko te kupu i tohua ai te huritau o te vavā octogenarian, e tona ora katoa te rota o te mahi hua mo te pai o to ratou whenua tupu. Ka noho ia i nga wa katoa i roto i to tatou mahara rite te tangata nana nei i hanga i te takoha nui ki te hōpara ātea me te pūtaiao, me te rite he artist, kia whakaatu iwi te ao i waho kōhauhau o te whenua. Tuakiri, te tauira o te mea taea, me te tika ki te whakaako i te whakatupuranga o muri - ko reira tino Alexei Leonov. Ko ngā mīharo tona haurongo. Ka taea te kitea tona wāhi hautoa i roto i te pukapuka A. S. Eliseeva "Life - he te maturuturunga iho i roto i te moana." I reira e ano e rave rahi pakipūmeka kiriata.