Composition me Āhuatanga o Oil Oil

Oil - me tenei wai pūkākā hinuhinu, i te mea noa i roto i te rohe anga parataiao o te kirinuku. Ko tetahi o nga kohuke tino nui mō te tangata. Ko te tino matatini cyclanes ranunga, waiwaro tahi me arenes Oil. Ano, kei reira te hāora, he whanariki, me te hauota pūhui. kitea te hanganga hinu i runga i te mano motuhake matū organic, e Kei roto e pā ana ki iwa tekau ōrau o te waro, hauwai rima ōrau, e rima ōrau whanariki, hauota, me te kotahi ōrau ki te toru ōrau hāora. te hinu hoki ngā pūhui, me te hawhekaihe iti o te natura kohuke. Ko te tino iti te ihirangi pungarehu o te hinu, e kore e nui te reira kotahi whakatekau o te ōrau. Ko Oil o e toru nga tu:

1. Easy.

2. Toharite.

3. Taumaha.

kaitahu Oil i roto i te wera o e pā ana ki 43,7-46,2 MJ / kg, i te mea he painga nui i roto i te tahi atu combustibles.

Ko te hanganga o te hinu e taea te tomo me hautau marama e kohuatia i nekehanga e rua rau degrees. ngā ratou te nuinga o waiwaro mewaro, waiwaro tahi arā. Ko te ihirangi o hautau marama o ngā hua hinu e kua whakaputaina i roto i takiwa rerekē, ka taea e rerekē. Cycloalkanes, me waiwaro kakara pērā i, e ko, te ao i roto i te hanganga o te hinu e faufaa.

Kei te tika nga wāhanga tino paitini ngā i roto i te hanganga o te hinu, me te hinu hua whakaaro waiwaro kakara (arenes). E huaina ratou toxicants ma'i. Ko te kaha te nuinga o enei nohopuku me ngā benzene, toluene me xylene, rite he ratou matū koropupu iti. He maha nui o ngā arenes whakaaro mutagens mōrearea me carcinogens. Ko te atamira rōpū tino mōrearea - he rōpū o waiwaro kakara polycyclic.

Ko te hanganga matū o te puna hinu ngā te ōwehenga nui o te waiwaro totoka te mewaro - te pera-ka karanga sperm. Ratou ihirangi reira kia nui rima ōrau.

E ai ki te ihirangi o ngā hua hinu paraffinic e wehea ki te maha ngā rōpū:

1. Oil hanganga maloparafinovogo. kaua e nui ake i te hawhe ōrau o te paraffins i roto i te hanganga e ratou.

2. Oil sredneparafinovogo hanganga. Kei tēnei hinu ki runga ki te ono ōrau o te ware pi.

3. Vysokoparafinovaya hinu. Here te ware pi kei neke atu i te 6 ōrau.

roto i te hinu matū pērā i chrysene, phenanthrene, benzpyrene, pyrene, tetrafeny. Reira he wāhanga waiwaro-kore hoki - resins me asphaltenes, e whai wāhi nui i roto i te mahi o tenei kohuke.

Mai i te wāhi taiao o te tirohanga wāhanga hinu faufaa he pūhui whanariki. I runga i te ihirangi o enei hua, te hinu, me te wehea ki ngā rōpū e toru:

1. faufau reka. Kei reira ki runga ki te hawhe ōrau o whanariki.

2. Ko te hinu pungatara. Here, e kore e te ihirangi whanariki nui e rua ōrau.

3. Ko te hinu nui-whanariki. Tenei hua hinu katoa kei roto atu i te rua ōrau o te whanariki.

āhuatanga hinu, e ko te whakamāramatanga taketake o te tiketike o tona kounga, ngā:

1. Kiato. Ki te whakaute ki te hinu te tikanga i roto i te ngakau i tona kiato ki te faatura ki māturu wai. Ko te kiato o te hinu tikanga pae i 0.8 ki te 0.9 g / cm3, engari i reira e ano momo o te hinu, te kiato o e kia tae 0,98 g / cm3.

2. pokey. Tohatoha here, kinematic me te pokey hihiri.

3. taimaha rāpoi. Ko reira te tohu tino nui o te kounga o ngā hua hinu. Ko te taimaha o rāpoi ko te nuinga o te hinu iti iho i te 300 g / mol.

4. Ko te taupū hakoko. Ko te tohu tino nui mō ngā hua hinu, e he ranunga matatini o matū rerekē tenei.

5. hanganga hautanga. matū katoa i, ara i roto i te moni iti ngā i roto i te hinu, he o faufaa nui mo tona kounga.