Coin marae Russian

Mints - He kamupene hokohoko momo, nei matua mahi kei roto i te minting o moni, te hanga o whakahau, metara me ētahi atu tohu motuhake. History o hinonga haere ki te mua tawhiti, i nga ra o te tīmatanga o ngā pūnaha moni. mints teie mahana e nui-tech kamupene momo e hua moni i te tono o te State Bank. Kei te mahi kaiwhakanao katoa i roto i te mahi tino whakarōpūtia.

Types o mints me te moka o te hītori

Ka taea e mints e tūmatanui, e kawe i whakahau o te Central Bank. He rōpū tūmataiti rite motuhake i roto i te hanga o mētara, tapa'o me mau api raihana. Hoki ia momo o hinonga āhuatanga te aroaro o ratou pane ahurei ki te kia tono ki nga moni katoa. whakaritea no kāwanatanga moni me te momo rohe kei te whakamahi i te tohu. tuhia te whakahua tuatahi o tenei kāwai o hanga e ki te BC rau 5. ko nga mints tuatahi i roto i Atene. Mai i rau 2 i oho BC production i te temepara o Theseus i te temepara o Juno. Kua i muri i 115 nga tau i te whanautanga o te Karaiti marae ko ahau i te Coliseum Roma. I muri i te ahua o te tipu i roto i te Roma, Lyon, Constantinople, horahia ratou i roto i Sicily me Aquileia huri noa te ao.

Ko te whatianga tuatahi i roto i Russia: whakapae hītori

Tino raruraru ki te whakaaro he aha i reira i roto i te mua i te miniti. Photos i kahore mahia, kua tiaki huahua. He he mea ato'ae anake. He he taunakitanga e fokotuu i whakawhitia pakihi ki te ringa o te mau taata tūmataiti, ki nga mahi o nei te hunga i roto i te heke mai faaohipa te tirotiro tino. Iwi whai wāhi i roto i te moni, i waho i takoha me mau ohipa. i ratou te haamaitairaa i roto i te faatura o te aukati i runga i te whakawa mo te mahi katoa i tua atu i te patu tangata, pahua me te tinihanga. pūkete Historical tohu e te mints tuatahi i runga i te rohe o Russia hou i roto i te mua mahi i roto i nga pa o te wa, ka mohiotia Theodosius ko Gorgippia, i tenei ra rite Anapa Kariki. Tohu o taua ngā kua kite i roto i Derbent me Tmutarakani.

Ko te iari tuatahi i roto i Moscow: ariā me te tāpae kōrero

Whakaritea moni i roto i Moscow, kia rite ki whakatau tata tuatahi, a ka timata rangahau i roto i te rangatiratanga Ivana Donskogo (1362-1389 gg.). e kore e kore te mōhiohio i runga i tenei marae me tona wāhi te tīariari i roto i nga pitopito kōrero o mua, te meka i whakapumautia tona aroaro i anake e hāngai ana i runga i te tātaritanga o moni o te wā. i whakapaipai moni Moscow Tuatahi ki inscriptions Russian, me te Arabic runga ratou i tuhia maha hononga pane hangarau hanga.

Faahiti o hītori

Coin marae Russian, kua tuhia mana te oraraa o nei, whakaturia i roto i te mau tenetere 14-15. I taua wa, i te whenua arahina John III. kawea moni i roto i roto i Moscow kore anake, engari ano i roto i nga pa pērā i Pskov, Novgorod ko Tver. i tukua i waenganui i 16 ki te 17 tau moni münzmeister. I whānui tēnei mahi i roto i Europe. He hoki pūrongo e i roto i te rau tau 15 i roto i Moscow ngāue hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia e kore anake, engari ano hoki nga awheawhe moni o nga rangatira takitahi atawhai Kalita. ka haere mai te tuhia tuatahi "Te Hiha" iari i muri i tetahi o te moni tuatahi whakahou Elena Glinsky i te wā i 1535 e 1538. Kei te kamupene i roto i Varvarka ara. Tenei hui tohua te timatanga o te whakakotahitanga o te pūnaha moni Russian. Mints Russia mō rau tau maha i mua hua kākahu i roto i te taimaha me te ahua o nga moni, i hiahiatia nei ki te farii i te rohe katoa o te āhua Russian. kawea embossing i roto i ā, ka mahi rite rauemi mō te hanga o te waea hiriwa. Kei te tuatahi tapahia te waea ki mongamonga rite-rahi, a ka aki ratou. Na ka tīmata te pana ā-o whakapakoko, me inscriptions i runga i nga workpieces maheni.

Whakakotahitanga o ngā whakahaere moni

I roto i te 1595, i hanga te ti'amâraa i raro i te whakahau ingoa Money. te mauria e te whakahaere i roto i te mana ki runga i moni i runga i mo o te kāwanatanga. Tenei taahiraa ko te turanga o i te whakakotahitanga katoa ōhanga moni. mints katoa, e i taua wa mahi i roto i te whenua, riro te ti'araa mōhiohio, i a ratou ki te tohu o ratou hua.

• Kooti Moscow - "M" ranei "MO".
• iari Novgorod - "B. ENGARI ".
• iari Pskov - "SS."

hinonga moni-whakahaeretia o Russia 15-20 tenetere

Ko te whakahoki ki te pātai o te pehea, ki te tautuhi i te Mint, ko māmā ki te hoatu i muri ka i ia hinonga ona ake tohu karauna. kia hanga ai e whai ake nei i te hanga, i whai wāhi ki te minting o moni whakahua:

• iari Whero, ranei Hainamana. Kei tata te taiepa Kitai-Gorod. Ko te obverse ka whakataka o nga moni ka he tohu o "CD", "SSC", "MM". mahi Production i roto i te wā i 1697 ki te 1979. whakaputaina Yard koura, he hiriwa me te parahi moni ki te rerekē momo whakatauranga motu. i matou me moni motuhake. moni-tuku te miniti mo nga kawanatanga Baltic me mua.
• iari Kadashevsky i Kadashevskaya Sloboda. Kei te karanga a hoki reira Hamovnym, Zamoskvoretsky, Navy me Admiralty. Ko te obverse me muri o te "MM" tohu tū me "MD", "MDZ" me "DMD", "M" me "Moscow", "Mint Mint." mahi Production i roto i te wā i 1701 ki te 1736. take tū o te koura, parahi, me te hiriwa moni o faaroo rerekē. moni parahi whakaputaina i roto i te hanga motuhake o te tari mai i 1704.
• marae parahi Quay i roto i te Kremlin. minted nga moni i taua tohu rite "Nd" me "NDZ", "NDM". mahi ia i 1699 ki te 1727, i whakaputaina moni o haapa'oraa katoa.
• St. Petersburg, Imperial ranei, i whakaturia Mint i runga i te rohe o te pa i roto i 1724. Tohu i runga i te moni - he "St. Petersburg" me "JMP", "SP" me "CM". mahi ahau tae noa ki taua wa rite te tuku o te moni i mutu te kāwanatanga tsarist. ka mau ia ki te wahi kaha i roto i te moni parahi minted.
• tukuna Ekaterinburg marae moni ki te "EM" momotuhi, me "Yekaterinburg". mahi ia i roto i te wā i 1727 ki te 1876. Putanga o moni i kō atu porohita whakangao mo te tahi atu mints.

Ko reira utu ki te whakahua i taua kamupene rite Imperial Mint me Anninsky ( "AM"), Kolyvan ( "KM" me "Kolyvan parahi") ko Suzunsky ( "CM") Sestrovetsky ( "CM") ko Kolpinsky ( "KM"), Tauride ( "TM") ko Tiflissky, Warsaw ( "VM», «MW») me Helsingfors.

Production kore e e whakamahi ratou tapa'o

tohu Mint taea ki a koe te whakatau ka me te wahi puta he moni hāhi motuhake i. Heoi, i roto i te hītori o marae Russian i whānui, e kore i te whakamahi i ō rātou ake Tohu Hei me takahi i runga i nga wae moni o te taupae o te tahi atu ahumahi. Tenei iari pēke me te whakato Rosenkranz, te marae Paris ko Strasbourg, Birmingham ko Izhora, te marae Brussels me Avestsky. Ano, etahi mints, pērā i Whero St Petersburg ranei, i taea te whakamahi i roto i to ratou mahi Tohu Hei Kadashevsky me hīkoi Kooti Parahi, atu rōpū ōrite, e tino faingataa te mahi o hītori.

Moni i roto i te RSFSR me te USSR

I roto i te RSFSR whakatau e miniti whakaputaina i āwhina te moni te momotuhi:

• "AG" - te waitohu o Hartmann, ko wai i i taua wa matenga o te tohatoha anō moni tae noa ki 1923.
• "PL" - te waitohu Latysheva, tino mai 1924.
• "TR" - te waitohu o Thomas Ross, tohatoha anō moni nui o te marae London.

tohu te miniti i roto i te wā o te Soviet Union i o e rua ngā momo:

• "LMD" ranei "L" - Leningrad Mint.
• "MMD" ranei "M" - Moscow Mint.

Kua whakamana tenei tohu, me te mahi i te ahua o te tohu o no ki te hanga ngā moni. kia whai Tohu te ahua o pukapuka, kia aroaro rite te tauira hōputu monogram tohu ranei ranei.

Russia hou

I roto i Russia hou, ka taea nga moni e kitea te momotuhi whai ake: "MMD" me "SPMD" - e kōrero e pā ana ki to ratou tukunga i roto i ranei Moscow i St Petersburg Mint ranei. Mai 1991, i runga i te moni i tangohia ai ki te hoatu tohu rite "M", "L", "SSC" me "LMD". Mai te wā o 1997 - ko "M", "C-P" me "SSC", "SPMD". Ko te pūāhua whakamutunga e rua i runga i te moni whakatakotoria i roto i te puka o te inu. Moni Russia, mai 1997 whakapaipai ki nga kupu "M", "C-P", "SSC" me "SPMD" monogram i roto i te hōputu. I runga i nga moni iti ki faaroo o te 1, 5, 10, me te 50 hēneti te tohu e taea te kite i runga i te taha ki matau i raro i te matimati. Tohu "M" me "P-P" i runga i nga moni ki faaroo o te 1, 2, me te 5 moni kei raro i te ekara wae tika. Ka taea te kite i Monogram "SPMD" i runga i monipuka whakamaharatanga i roto i faaroo o te 10 moni Russian. Kei runga i te obverse, i raro i tika "10 moni" tuhituhinga.

Kia pehea te ko te take o moni i roto i te 2015

Central Bank o Russia, mai 1992, nga tau take reira whakamaharatanga moni hōputu rite utu nui, me te kore-utu nui. Ano, pūnahanaha kawea atu te take o moni haumi, e kua tino minted i konganuku utu nui. I roto i tenei take, kia rite ki mua, i runga i ia o ratou waha te miniti. kawea Minting tukanga i roto i roto i te anga o te tukunga matua me whakaritea ngā mahi i roto i te tau o mua. mahere moni whakaaetia e te kaiārahi o te Central Bank me ka whakanohoia ki runga ki te pae mōhiohio o te muri. Ia moni tango tukuna rānei Moscow ranei i St Petersburg Mint. Simplifies tenei te rapu mo te whakahoki ki te pātai o te pehea, ki te tautuhi i te Mint. E whakapaipai moni ki pūāhua motuhake, e he nei 4. anake te Central Bank o te whenua e kore e tika ki te tuwha collectible moni i roto i te mau taata. Ko te distributor matua ko Sberbank. Moni tuatahi hokona e te ngaru tuatahi o Kamupane e hoko i muri ia ratou i te utu teeraa.

mahere Kāwanatanga mō te 2015

I roto i runga ki te mahere o te pira i roto i 2015 ka tū te whai rua ngā momo o te haumi moni. Ko te utu nui moni whakamaharatanga 73 me 12 moni whakamaharatanga o te turanga whakarewa ki te kia hua puta noa i te tau. I roto i te heke mai, kia haere tonu te hanga o te raupapa, tīmata mua: "City o Military kororia" me "Kōhure People o Russia". Ko te moni tino utu i roto i te aamu o te whenua rā hoki ki te 1999, me te kua he uara iti o 5 hēneti. He mōhiotia te uara tangohia, engari reira matara nui te moni o te 100 mano moni i roto i te auctions tuwhera. Enei momo o moni rawa utu e numismatists.