Bundestag - he aha te mea tenei?

Bundestag - he pāremata o te Federal Republic o Tiamana (Deutscher Bundestag), he tinana kāwanatanga unicameral e tohu i te ngākau nuitanga o te iwi Tiamana katoa. I hanga te reira i rite te riiwhi ki te Reichstag i raro i te ture o 1949, me mai 1999 kei te i roto i Berlin. Tēnei wā haere te pāremata Tiamana e Christian Democrat Norbert Lammert, te tūru mai Oketopa 18, 2005. Te reira i Bundestag ka kōwhiri te te Federal Chancellor, ko wai te mea upoko o te kāwanatanga German.

mahi

I roto i tona hanganga tōrangapū Germany ko te käwanatanga pāremata i roto i nei te Bundestag - ko te mana tino nui:

• I roto i te mahi tahi ki te Bundesrat, e mahi ia i roto i ngā mahi ā-ture, te whakawhanake me te tango i runga i te taumata e hānga ana, ngā ture, me whakatikatika ki te Ture. Reira ratifies hoki tiriti, me te tango i te pūtea e hānga ana.
• tavini Bundestag rite te tika ana o te tahi atu mana, tae atu i te pōti mo te kaitono mo te pou o Federal Chancellor, me te whai wāhi hoki i roto i te pōtitanga o te Federal peresideni me kaiwhakawa.
• Ua hi'opo'ai te mahi o te kāwanatanga, takoto nei te ki penei ki a ia, a ka whakahaere i hoki te kaupapa o nga ope patu o te whenua.

raruraru wāhi

I muri i te reunification o Tiamana, oho te Bundestag ki te whare Reichstag, hanga i roto i te rau tau mutunga XIX, me whakahou e te kaihoahoa Norman Foster. Mai i 1949 ki te 1999, tū hui i roto i Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

Kua Kei te whare i roto i te tari no ki te Paremete, hanga muri ki tetahi ki tetahi i runga i ngā taha e rua o te spree awa me te Tiamana ka karanga te Paora-taupa-Haus me te Marie-Erihapeti-Lüders-Haus i te honore o te rua mema Pāremata rongonui Democrats.

pōtitanga

Elections ki te Pāremata German e te nuinga o nga wha tau e puritia, anake i roto i te wā o te whakakāhoretanga wawe.

Bundestag - he pāremata, pōtitanga ki nei e kawea atu i runga i te pūnaha kākano, e ko, e whiriwhiri nga kawana i roto i te ōrite ana ngā wehenga i runga i ngā rārangi rōpū, me te i roto i te kotahi-pūketetanga vahenga majoritarian i roto i te taka noa kotahi. Kei te tito te Bundestag o 598 kawana, o nei 299 e whiriwhiria e pōti i roto i te vahenga. Mana kökiri whiwhi e ngā kaitono i te rōpū rite ki te hua o te pōtitanga hāngai (e rohe nuinga), mutu ake i roto i te rārangi o kawana i te rōpū, tatau i raro i te hautanga pūnaha pōti.

I roto i te pōtitanga ki te huānga pāremata nuinga Tiamana e kore he wāhi i roto i te tohatoha o ngā tūru i waenganui i nga rōpū, te kore e tango tetahi o nga rōpū i runga i te pūnaha uninominal atu mema atu e kua riro te reira i runga i te pūtake o anake pūnaha rārangi kotahi rōpū. I roto i ngā take pēnei i, kia whiwhi i te rōpū te nui etahi o mana kökiri atu (Überhangmandate). Hei tauira, ko te 17 Bundestag, e timata te mahi October 28, 2009, ngā o 622 ngā mema, 24 o ratou he kau ma'u o mana kökiri atu.

whakakorenga o Pāremata

Federal peresideni (Bundespräsident) e te tika ki te tareka te Bundestag i roto i te wā e rua:

1. Ki te muri tonu te huihuinga, a i roto i te take o te mate rīhainatanga ranei, te Chancellor o te Federal Republic o Germany, te Bundestag taea kore whiriwhiri i te tumuaki hou o te nuinga tūturu o pōti (Upoko 63, paratarafa 4, o te ture Basic o Germany).
2. E ai ki te Chancellor o te tono, ki te Tiwihana te Bundestag te whakatau kino i runga i te take o te whakawhirinaki, hoatu ana e ia ki te pōti Chancellor (Tuhinga 68, paratarafa 1). Kua puta ake he āhuatanga pēnei i te 1972, ka Chancellor Willy Brandt me te peresideni Gustav Heinemann, a i roto i 1982, ka ko Chancellor Helmut Kohl, a te peresideni Karl Carstens. I roto i te wā e rua, ko te hua o te pōti te Chancellor i pai ki te whakawhirinaki, i muri nei me pupuri pōtitanga hou. February 16, 1983, hurihia te Kooti Ture te whakatau ki te kore ki te whakawhirinaki.

Ko te rīhainatanga o Gerhard Schröder

Haratua 22, 2005, i muri i te hinga o tona rōpū i roto i te pōtitanga ā-rohe i roto i Te Tai Tokerau Rhine-Westphalia, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder ua faaite tona hiahia ki te pōti i runga i te take o te whakawhirinaki, kia hoatu te peresideni "katoa te mana e tika ana ki te hinga i te āhuatanga raruraru o nāianei."

Ka rite ki te ai tūmanakohia, te Tiamana Bundestag, Gerhard Schröder i pai ki te whakawhirinaki (ki 151 pōti ki 296 pooti mawehe 148 pōti). I muri tenei Chancellor rēhitatia he petihana ōkawa mo te whakakorenga o te Bundestag i te ingoa Federal te peresideni Horst Köhler. Hōngongoi 21, 2005, tukuna te peresideni i te ture ki te tareka pāremata me te karanga i te rā pōti o Mahuru 18, te Rātapu tuatahi i muri i te hararei kura me te Rātapu whakamutunga waho whakarerea i te hōkai whakapumautia e te wā kaupapa ture o te 60 nga ra. 23 me 25 August, paopao te Kooti Ture te tono rēhitatia e toru rōpū iti, me te kawana i te SPD Helen Hoffman me Werner Schulz i te "Green" rōpū.

Ko te hanganga o te Bundestag Tiamana

Bundestag - ko te tinana, te nui te nuinga o nei ko nga wae hanganga o nga rōpū paramilitary, e te hunga kua huaina wehenga. Kei te whakahaere ngā rōpū pāremata te mahi o te ture. Hei tauira, te faaineine ratou i te mahi o nga kōmihana, whakamōhio pire, whakatikatika, me ētahi atu

Kei roto i ia totohe o te tiamana (Fraktionsvorsitzender), e rave rahi tumuaki-peresideni me te presidium, e tutaki ia wiki. I roto i te tautohe, a ngā whakaaro ki te mau a'o tino rōpū i roto i te pōti (Fraktionsdiziplin). He faahiahia te pāremata Tiamana e te pōti i roto i reira te nuinga o te wā mahi i runga i te tohu i te tiamana o te totohe pāremata.

Ko te hanganga o te Bundestag hoki ngā te Kaunihera o kaumatua (Ältestenrat) me te Bureau. ngā o te Peresideniraa me nga kaumatua 23 (kau taki o te rōpū pāremata) te Kaunihera. Kei te tikanga e whakamahia ana te reira mo whiriwhiringa i waenganui i te rōpū, i roto i ngā i runga i te heamana o te komiti pāremata me te kaupapa. Na i runga i te Peresideniraa, ngā reira i te iti rawa i te tiamana me tuarua-tiamana o ia totohe.

Ia tetahi hāngai ki te Tāhuhu o te Pāremata Komiti (i reira tau ratou ko 21). whakarato ārahitanga General te tiamana o te Bundestag, mau inaianei tenei pou, Norbert Lammert.