Artists Kukryniksy: hanganga me te haurongo ngā, pikitia

Artist rōpū Kukryniksy, rongonui i roto i te 30-40-doma o rau XX mo ana mahi Sapphire, i tenei ra tata mohiotia ki nga whakatupuranga hou. Kua kairau a Artists He wāhi nui i roto i te ahurea me te tōrangapū o te Soviet Union.

VHUTEMAS - ira te whakaminenga

Higher Workshops toi me Hangarau, hanga i roto i te 1920, me te ao mohiotia rite te VHUTEMAS, tukua he maha nui o kaihoahoa me toi e whai i te pānga nui e kore anake i runga i te ahurea Soviet, engari ano hoki i mahue he tohu i roto i te ao o te toi.

I roto i ngā, kua timata matou te ara toi Kukryniksy nei haere mai ki konei i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē, me te i ngā wāhi rerekē, engari ki tetahi whāinga - ki te ako ki te waihanga ataahua. Mikhail Kupriyanov, tutaki Porfiry Krylov i 1922 i te mahi i runga i te whakaputa pānui VKhUTEMAS "Arapotdel". hainatia ratou ratou mahi, me te whakaiti o Kukri Krykup. I muri mai i piri ratou e ihupuku ākonga Nikolai Sokolov, nei i haina te roa tona mahi rite nga Knicks. Heoi i reira ko te rongonui toi Kukryniksy. E tahoê ngā ākonga te aroha e kore e anake o toi, engari ano hoki te outlook whānui. Ratou huānga ko kata, he ratou kanohi hiahia mō kaho pārekareka i roto i te mo'oni a tawhio noa, a meinga ana e ia to ratou tīmatanga mō te mahi.

whakaaro Commonwealth

toi Kukryniksy - he āhuatanga ahurei i roto i te ahurea te ao. hiahiatia te mahi tukutahi i runga i nga mahi a ratou hononga tata, me te pātata o whakaaro. i piri ratou e te tüäpapa auaha - rapu ratou ki te mohio ki rorirori, a hoatu ana e ia i roto i tau. He tūranga nui i roto i te hanganga o te Commonwealth takaro Mayakovsky, sinó ia ratou whakaaro, me te rirotanga. Tona "Growth pūhohe Windows" riro te whare wānanga tūturu mō ngā pakiwaituhi. Te rohi pehe, rawa, unuhia ana whakarongo ki te rōpū ngā ka ui ratou ki puta te tauākī "bug", a muri ka hanga e ratou he raupapa o huahua i runga i tenei hua. I roto i tenei mahi ö āhuatanga o ratou tikanga toi, ka whakatata ratou Mayakovsky itoito, tika me te topicality.

rōpū haurongo e pā ana ki te hanga o te tītohunga ahurei i roto i te toi ataata, i huaina ai "pūhohe pai". Ko te tangata tuarua, e te whakatangihanga a te wāhi tino hira i roto i te hanganga o Kukryniksy kawa. e kore ia i tauturu noa ratou ki te kitea te mahi, engari whakaako ano hoki te ara wä tika. Ko ia te tangata e whakatenatena ratou moni i roto i tōrangapū, ka awhinatia ki matau i te raina rōpū. Ko te mahi maitai matua i roto i to ratou pono Sapphire - taunutanga me stinging. Hoki i ngā tau, i waenganui o nga 20 ki te mutunga o 90, i toi hoa tata, a taea ana e ia ki a ratou te mahi tahi.

tikanga toi Kukryniksy

i taea e ki te hanga i te ara ahurei o te mahi i runga i te wahi Kukryniksy kaitoi. vai rōpū Creative ratou i mua, engari ko te hunga i roto i nei individuality auaha katoa murua i roto i te ingoa o te ngā "ahau" o te kaitoi, kihai i tupu. mahi ratou kia te pūmanawa o ia kaihanga i tino whakaurua i roto i te hua whakamutunga. Ka rite ki te hua o te uniana tupu puta he kāhua mōhiotia o toi Sapphire nei tino tino mohio i roto i te pānui me ngā pakiwaituhi, engari ano hoki rerekētanga i roto i te papa reo. mahi ratou i runga i te wahi i te wa, haere tuhi i roto i te porohita, ka kawea mai ia ratou ake pa ki reira, a ka riro hua ngā.

piri tonu Kukryniksy ki e rua parau tumu: te iwi me te wairua rōpū. matau ratou koe rite te mahi ki te motherland me te huru hautoa o te wā o te 20, kawea ratou i roto i tona ora auaha katoa.

Milestones i roto i ngā huarahi auaha

tīmata Kukryniksy te mahi tahi rite te kaiwaituhi i roto i te niupepa taiepa rongonui "Arapotdel" e koi kataina cosmopolitan me formalist, uruhi i te raina rōpū. Mai 1924, kua meinga e ratou wāhi i roto i whakaahua mō mahi tuhituhi. faahoho'a ratou i te kuao kaituhi, me te ara whakawhanake i tētahi momo pērā i te faaino whaikairo. utuhia ana whakarongo Maxim Gorky ki te kaitā rerekē, ka tohutohu ia ratou ki te utu kaupapa whānui mo te toi o te ora, e kore anake i roto i te tuhinga. I te mutunga o nga pakiwaituhi 20 Kukryniksy tāngia i roto i te hautaka tuhituhi katoa, huihui mai ratou ki kaituhi maha. kitea ratou te mau viivii tei tuhituhi: te hoha, tito noa, formalism. A i tenei ra, he tokomaha o ratou pakiwaituhi kihai i ngaro ratou hāngaitanga.

Mai 1925, kei te kaha te mahi tahi i te rōpū ki te pāpāho Soviet, whakaputa i reira caricatures waihā o kino pāpori. Ina e te rongo o ratou whakatipu, me nga kaipānui, te whakatuwhera i te nūpepa, te tuatahi i rapu nga tānga. I roto i tenei wā, a tika tonu ratou tikanga, rawa pai i ratou drawings waituhi, me te sharzhevaya, supply waihā kumea tona mohiotia mo te koinga press Soviet. Ratou raupapa pērā i "Transport" i roto i te niupepa "Pravda", kawea mai ratou he ingoa nui. riro ratou i te auvaha parau o te wā.

I roto i te tau ki mu'a 'kitea Kukryniksy ratou i roto i te momo hou - pānui tōrangapū. I roto i te whawhai, ka e ia he patu tūturu ki te hoariri. pānui Kukryniksy e tauturu i te taata o te Soviet Union i roto i te tau fifi tino, hoko he taputapu wä kaha o te mana. Ratou pānui "mercilessly kuru me te whakangaro i te hoariri!" Puta i runga i nga ara o te whenua i roto i Pipiri 1941. mahi ratou i te motherland, a haere ana i roto i te whawhai katoa ki te hoia i roto i te puka o pānui me ngā pānui kōrero. mahi ano ratou i roto i te kaupapa "TASS Windows", i te mea i roto i hipoki te puka o te pānui i te rongo, a puritia te ngākau o te iwi. I muri i te whawhai i ratou i Kaituku ki te mau tamataraa Nuremberg ka kawea i roto i te pūrongo hākiki. Kukryniksy hei waiata pono o te pakiwaituhi Soviet, i mohiotia katoa ratou i runga i te ao, i riro maha tohu ngaio.

Ko te toru o te rohe i roto i nei mahi Kukryniksy ko peita. pania ratou scenes momo, whakaahua, peita i runga i ngā kaupapa o mua, whakapanga nga turanga mo te aronga hou i roto i te toi - talena hapori. I roto i te anō o te whenua Kukryniksy mahi he rota i roto i te press, whakairoiro pukapuka, peita pikitia. I roto i te 60raa, te hanga ratou he maha nui o whakaahua ki waiata Russian. I tua atu, hanga toi ia ratou ake. I roto i nga 80-90s no o ratou toi tau e mahi iti, engari e kore kua ratou uniana auaha pakaru ake tae noa ki te mutunga o te ora.

Nui mahi Kukryniksy

kua tino hua toi Kukryniksy, no te mea i raro i to ratou pene me te paraihe i mahue maha mahi faahiahia. ko te nui tino: te raupapa o ngā whakaahua Sapphire o "te Kanohi o te hoariri", whakakotahi i te taea ngangahau o te pānui me te peita papa peita, he ropi e "rangatira tawhito", faahoho'araa ki te kohinga o nga mahi a Gogol me nga mahi o Gorky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf ko Petrov, me te maha pānui o te tau whawhai. Ko te whakamutunga ngā "pakaru te Museum", "mahere taiao me te hopu o Moscow", "tahuri pai tika tetahi", me te peita o "Tanya", "te Flight o Tiamana i te Novgorod", "te Whakamutunga."

Whakaaturanga me te taonga tuku iho Kukryniksy

I roto i 1932, te whakaaturanga tuatahi Kukryniksy, whakaritea e Maxim Gorky. Kua He kua aroaro nga whakairoiro waituhi, peita, pukapuka tōrangapū, me te kāinga. I te tau 1952, i tū te whakaaturanga nui i te Academy o Toi o te USSR, i whānui, me te tino i faahoho'ahia Kukryniksy auaha, me te mahi tu-anake o toi no ki te Association. I roto i te 2008, puritia ana e ia he whakaaturanga ki muri Kukryniksy.

Pakiwaituhi, tona kainga tupu E āta hono ana ki te hītori o te kāwanatanga Soviet, kua riro toutou nga tohu kāwanatanga teitei me taonga. Kei te rongoa ratou mahi i roto i te whare taonga nui rawa o Russia.

ara auaha Mikhail Kupriyanov

whanau Mikhail Kupriyanov i roto i te pa iti i runga i te Täingäwai Tetyushi. Mai i te tamarikitanga ia aroha ki te utu, i ahau i roto i Tashkent i Central Art Studios, te wahi i tonoa e ia ki runga ki te haerenga taitamarikitanga. Hoki whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te kura, i tonoa e ia ki te ako i roto i Moscow i VHUTEMAS, i reira ka ia he mema o Kukryniksy.

Independent ora auaha kua whakawhanakehia pai Kupriyanov, ua ite ia ia kia rite ki te kaipeita. aroha e ia te momo o te whenua. I teie mahana, mohiotia hoki tona raupapa o pikitia ki whakaaro o Leningrad, te Moana o Kapiana me ona wahi o waho ake.

mutu ia tona mahi i roto i te 1991.

Artist Porfiry Krylov

Porfiry - Ko te mema tuarua o te hapori Kukryniksy whanau Krylov i roto i Tula. Mai tamarikitanga, ka whakakitea e ia kaha toi, ako ia i te Studio Art, ka tomo ia ki VHUTEMAS. I tua atu ki ngā mahi i roto i Kukryniksy, mahi ia rite te kaipeita, peitatia e ia whakaahua, whenua, tonu ana kowaiwai. Ko ana mahi i roto i nga kohikohinga o maha taonga i roto i te ao. whakatuwheratia tona whare-whare taonga i roto i Tula.

mate whero Nikitich i 1990.

haurongo auaha o Nikolai Sokolov

ako Muscovite Nikolai Sokolov i te studio toi o Proletkult, i muri i i tomo ai ia i roto i VHUTEMAS, a ka toru nga mema o Kukryniksy. I tū Sokolov rite te kaipeita pūmanawa. Tona tūmomo tino ko whenua lyrical. Tona mahi "wahi o Lermontov", "Abramtsevo", "Evening i runga i te Täingäwai" me etahi atu e puritia i roto i te whare taonga pai i roto i Russia.

mate Nikolay Sokolov i 2000.