Aristotle rite te kaipūtaiao me te tangata tohe

Aristotle, rite te pūtaiao me te nui Kariki philosopho, mohiotia hoki nga mea maha: tona ingoa i runga i te ngutu o te katoa tangata. ko tonu o ngā tona ora, me te, pera kawea mahi kua he takoha faufaa ki te pūtaiao.

E hoa me te kaitohutohu

Te philosopho Kariki tawhito nui Aristotle, i roto i te koiora me te rapunga whakaaro mahue he tapuwae nui, i whanau i roto i te 384 BC. e. i roto i te pa Thracian o Stagira. I roto i te 368 BC. e., ka ko te tino taitama tonu ia, ka haere ia ki Atene, i reira ka ia he Platon Academy ākonga-arahina. I roto i te Plato, Aristotle, kitea he kaiputaiao he kaitohutohu mātanga, me te hoa koroheke, nei faahiahia ia me tona mana i te toenga o tona ora ia. E tata kōrero ratou mate o Plato i 348 347 ranei BC noa. e.

Ture, engari tino noa ko te ariā e i roto i ko tona aroaro i te Academy Aristotle he hoariri aroha o Plato, wero te aoniu o tona whakaaro. I roto i te meka, ko Aristotle te Academy mo rua tekau nga tau, a ka he te reira pea e kia taea tenei ki te i rawa rerekē i ngā whakaaro o Plato ranei e poka ki te akoranga whānui o ana whakaaro ana whakaaro.

i muri i te Academy

I muri i te matenga o te kaiako, i mahue Aristotle te Academy i Atene, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatū i tona manga i roto i te pa o Aho i Ahia Toroa. Here whakapumautia e ia te hononga hoa ki te nanakia rohe o Herami, e rua nga tau i muri i te whakapanga o talangata'a nga Pahi me mahi i. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka takoha Aristotle ki te neke ki te motu o Lesbos, i te pa o te pūhaumāota. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā i roto i Aho me pūhaumāota, e timata ana ki te tango i te āhua me te kia hanga i roto o tona ake whakaaro taumauri.

Aristotle a Aleksandr Veliky

Mō 343 tau BC. e. Piripi Kingi o Makeronia, tuku Aristotle he tūranga o te kaiako o tana tama, me a Alexander kainga. Ko reira mau haapiiraa whakaaro nui o Aristotle i te mana i runga i te hanganga o te rangatira nui heke mai. Ngā mihi ki a Alexander rite te tohu o te mauruuru e te faatura hohonu hanga ngaro i roto i nga kaupapa o te pa o Piripi o tona kaitohutohu Stagira.

kura tūmataiti

I muri i te rironga o Alexander ki te torona Makeronia i roto i 336 BC. e. mahue Aristotle te tūranga o te kaiako, ka haere atu ki a Atene, i reira i whakaturia e ia tona kura ake - Lyceum (kei muri ki te wahi tapu Apollona Likeyskogo, te mata), hoki e mohiotia ana Περίπατος ( «whakamahau», te wahi kauwhau). i huaina ona fanongó i Peripatetics. Lyceum a Aristotle ko te hapori rangahau tūturu. Here i tona whare pukapuka ake, me te tokotoko o ngā kaiako, kauwhau whānui.

I roto i te tau 323 BC. e. mate Aleksandr Makedonsky. Ko te taupori o Atene, e whai ana ki te mawhiti i te faatîtîraa no Makeronia, ātete Aristotle. I takoha ia ki te waiho, me te noho i roto i te pa o Halkida i Evia, i reira ka mate ia i te tau i muri mai.

wā auaha

Kei te wehea te pūtaiao katoa o Aristotle ki wā e toru:

1. "Academic" wā, te wa o te kōrero ki a Plato. Na ka ka hanga matou i te kōrero "Evdem" i reira Aristotle rite te pūtaiao whakaae ki te whakaaro o te matauranga o Plato rite mahara o Ideas, feruri ki te whanautanga, me "Protreptics" - pukapuka ki Femissu o Kaiperu i ai te kaituhi me te kaitautoko o te ariā o puka a Plato, e ai ta e te ora tūturu o te wairua haamata i muri i te matenga o te tinana. Ano hoki i tenei wa, pea, kua timata te mahi i runga i "ahupūngao" me "I te wairua", me te etahi mahi i runga i arorau.
2. Wā o te ora i roto i te Aho me pūhaumāota. Me uru tēnei kōrero "I Philosophy", i reira Aristotle, i roto i te koiora i taua wa i te kore ano hanga tetahi āhuatanga, karanga Platonism keokeonga hou o te whanaketanga o te kaupapa, heoi, faaino ia te ariā o ngā puka. Here kē he Aristotle he whakaaro o te Atua kia rite ki te "te koroke pirimia pahoho" o te ao. I roto i tenei wā, ia ano kua oti te mahi i runga i "metaphysics" me "kaupapa here" Ka waihanga "Evdemovu matatika."
3. whakaako wā me te rangahau i raro i te haurangi o te Lyceum. I roto i tenei wā, ko reira takoto ai kitea Aristotle i roto i nga tau o tona ora. whakatakotoria atu e ia ki te whakaora i runga i te rapunga whakaaro o te turanga pono, me te kaha: whakahaere wā ia kanorau, rangahau taipitopito i roto i te rohe o te natura, me te hītori. mahi ako (kauhau) i te wa o Aristotle tiaki, ka i whakaputaina i roto i te BC 60raa. e. Anaroniku o Roro. Na "metaphysics" Ko te kohinga o kauwhau homai i te Lyceum i ngā wā rerekē. Ko te ingoa "metaphysics" whakaata te wahi o te mahi i roto i te kohinga o nga mahi o Aristotle, no te mea ko reira i muri i te "Physics" (μετα Kariki -. «I muri»). Ko te ihirangi taua katoa rite reira he metaphysical i te tikanga hou - ki te te "Physics" anga i te mau tamataraa o te kitea ki te kaupapa, te "metaphysics" whakatapua te ki te mau parau tumu teitei, me te waiwai take. Iho "Ahupūngao", arā, te tahua a Aristotle i oti rawa ki te pūtaiao māori, me te kaupapa tūturu pā hoki ki te toru te wā. Ratou ngā ano "I te wairua" - he ariā hinengaro o Aristotle, o te matatika i ( "Nicomachean Ethics", "Ethics nui"), ariā tōrangapū ( "Kaupapa"), "kōrero", "Poetics".

systematization o pūtaiao

Aristotle rite te kaipūtaiao me kaupapa systematized, wehewehe i te reira ki te wāhi e whai ake nei o te matauranga:

1. Philosophy ariā. rapu te reira ki te whakatutuki i te matauranga parakore, ki te matauranga i tahaki, e kore ki tetahi hua mahi. Philosophy ariā ngā ahupūngao (te ako o te rauemi, te huri ngā wāhi), pāngarau (te haapiiraa i te mahi, engari rāua i te rauemi) me metaphysics (e pā ana ki wehea i te rauemi, i te faahiahia, me te whakaritea).
2. kaupapa Practical. Kei roto te reira i te pūtaiao nuinga tōrangapū, me te he maha o pekanga e whakapono awhenga, me te mau pŭpŭ tauturu ki tōrangapū Aristotle: ohaoha, rautaki, kōrero.
3. kaupapa Poetic. Kei matatika me rerehua, tenei ngā ariā o Aristotle i te toi.

whakauaua taea te piriponotanga takoha a Aristotle ki te taonga o te ao ao. He aha whakatuwheratia Aristotle, taea e roa te rārangi. He nui o ana ariā heke ki te kaupapa Neo-Platonic me kaupapa wharekarakia. He wā i tapa e Aristotle me te whakamahia ki tenei ra ko te pūtake o te kupu taumauri o tetahi o reo ngā o te ao.