Architecture whatunga. Ko te hanganga o te whatunga tuku raraunga me te taputapu

I teie mahana, te ariā o te hononga whatunga he kahore ohorere. Heoi, tokomaha o tatou i te whakahua o ratou ara nui e pā ana ki te mea te tikanga he hononga pērā i te mahi whatunga me te mahi whakaaro. Kia tamata o ki te whakaaro tenei take i roto i te whakarāpopototanga, no te mea o te whatunga me ratou pūmanawa i roto i te ao hou koutou taea tuhituhi i te pepa katoa.

hoahoanga Whatunga: te momo matua o

Ko te kupu, e whai ake i te tikanga taketake o te wā, whatunga rorohiko ko te tetahi maha o terminals (PC, rorohiko, pūrere pūkoro) tuatihia e, i roto i te meka, hanga he whatunga.

Ki te rā, i reira e rua ngā momo matua o hononga: waeahia me ahokore te whakamahi i te hononga mā te pouara pērā i Wi-Fi-pouara. Ko Ko anake te matamata o te huka tenei. I roto i te meka, kia whai i te whakarōpū rerekē te hoahoanga whatunga tā te whakamahi o te maha wāhanga, a reira. Kei te whakapono te reira e i te kau i reira e toru ngā momo o whatunga:

• hoa whatunga;
• kötuitui ki tūmau i whakatapua;
• whatunga ranu e ngā momo katoa o kōpuku.

I tua atu, kei te haapurorohia te kāwai motuhake, ao, rohe, terenga, whatunga tūmataiti, me ētahi atu momo. Kia noho tatou i runga i te ariā taketake.

Whakaahuatanga o te momo o whatunga

Kia tīmata a ki te whatunga i runga i te pūtake o te mahi tahi, "te ope ki te whatunga kiritaki." he mārama rite, i reira he he tūranga ngoi hipokina te kāpeka pokapū, i hanga whakahaere o te whatunga me ona wāhanga katoa. Ka taea e anake terminals kiritaki tukua atu tono mō hononga i roto i te heke mai - ki te riro ngā mōhiohio. Ko te kāpeka matua i roto i te whatunga kore e taea te tākaro ki te wāhi o te mīhini kiritaki.

whatunga hoa, maha i huaina e whakaata mai, rerekē i te momo tuatahi i roto i taua rauemi e wehea ōrite i waenganui i nga terminals hono katoa. Ka taea te whakaaro te tauira ohie te tukanga o te tikiake kōnae mā te awa. Ko te whakapakoko whakamutunga i roto i te ki tonu wāhanga utaina rite kia kia i runga i terminals rerekē ranei. pūnaha Kaiwhakamahi, kua utaina ki runga ki tō rorohiko, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi katoa e wātea ana i tēnei wā i runga i te whatunga ki te tiki wahi o te kōnae. Ko te atu, te teitei te tere o te werohia. I roto i tenei whatunga whakatutuki kore he tino. Ko te huru matua ko e kua te mīhini kiritaki kua tāuta te pūmanawa e tika ana. Ko te te pai ai ki te hanga tono kiritaki.

Ko te hoahoanga o te "kiritaki-tūmau" ko te māmā. Ka taea te māngai te hononga i waenganui i te terminals rorohiko (e kore e mea faufaa e whakaputaina e ara i te reira) mo te māramatanga ngāwari rite te rüma whare pukapuka, e kua he toa ranei pukapuka (tūmau pokapū) me tepu i reira e taea tirohia manuhiri i roto i te rauemi tangohia i te whata.

E mea papû e te vai nei te he hononga mārama: mai te manuhiri tuhia ki te te whare pukapuka ranei e rēhita kē raraunga whaiaro (tāutu whatunga runga i te pūtake o te whakaritea IP-wāhitau), ka rapu hoki te tuhinga e tika ana (uiui whatunga) i te pae hopea e te pukapuka, me te pānui i te reira.

Noatia, Ko te tino tahito ra te whakarite, no te mea he nui atu uaua whatunga hou. Heoi, hoki ngāwari māramatanga o te hanganga o tenei tauira e ōrite te reira maitai.

Pātai terminals tāututanga

Na he torutoru kupu e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakaputa i te whatunga āhukahuka o rorohiko o tetahi momo. Ki te kore e te tangata e mohio ki tetahi kāpeka ina hono koe te whakaritea ki te rua Momo IP-wāhitau, ranei, atu noa, he pūtāutu ahurei: roto, o waho. e kore te mea ahurei wāhitau ā-. Ko te IP waho - ae. I roto i te ao i reira he kahore mihini e rua ki te IP taua. Ko tenei te mea e āhei ki tatou te tautuhi i tetahi gadget, ahakoa te mea hei kāpeka rorohiko he pūrere pūkoro ranei pai.

katoa o tenei hoki hāngai ki te kawa e tika ana. I tēnei wā, ko te tino noa, me te tino whakamahia whānuitia ko te IPv4. Heoi, ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, kua hipa ake kua ia iho, rite meinga kua taea ki te whakarato i tētahi wāhitau ahurei i roto i te hononga ki te nui haere te maha o ngā pūrere kiritaki. titiro noa i te taputapu pūkoro, no te mea i runga i te tekau tau whakamutunga kua whakamahia gadgets kia nui e tata nga tangata tuarua i roto i te ao kua i tona tikanga i te waea pūkoro taua.

Ko te kawa KIv6

Ko te kupu, e rua te hoahoanga o te whatunga, ngā te Internet kua tīmata, ki te huri i. A ki whakakapi haere mai te putanga wha ono (IPv6). I te mea tonu rawa whānui o ngā tono e kore e riro ngā, Heoi, ki te whakapae, e kore te mea tawhiti atu te heke mai, a hohoro tata nga kaiwhakarato ratonga katoa whakarato ratonga torotoro waea, ka neke te reira ki te kawa (i raro ki te wātea o te tūmau DHCP kaha o te ono o nga putanga).

Whakawa hoki koe, no te mea ki tenei protkola whakarato pukapuka wāhitau moka-128 taea e koe te rota atu wāhitau atu te whakamahi i te putanga tuawha.

tūmau i whakatapua

Na whakaaroa te tūmau i whakatapua. Ti'araa korero hoki ano: kua hangaia e ratou mo etahi mahi motuhake. Pakeke e korero ana, ko te momo tino o te tūmau ipurangi mariko, tino puritia e te kaiwhakamahi, te tangata e te reira i roto i tenei. Ko te tikanga o te hautū tukutuku, ka taea te whakanohoia te rangatira o te rauemi matua o podcasts i runga i te wāhi i whakatapua ki tetahi mōhiohio tenei.

I roto i te tua, e kore he kawenga hoki te haumaru o te riihi, ara te tetahi e reti wāhi tūmau mō te reti. Tauira o taua tūmau taea meinga rawa te rota. Katahi koe ko te mēra, me ngā kēmu, tiritiri kōnae, me ngā whārangi whaiaro (kore ki te e raruraru ki o ratou pūkete i roto i whatunga pāpori me nga ratonga o tenei momo), me te ake.

whatunga Area rohe

whatunga rohe paetata, ranei kia rite ki te maha huaina ana a reira, "lokalku", whakaritea hoki whakakotahi ki tetahi o te iti te maha o terminals. LAN Architecture i roto i ngā o te hononga, rite i matau kua, a kia waiho hei hononga whaiaho, a VPN momo uru. I roto i tenei me te i roto i tetahi atu take, e titau te reira i te hononga ki te kaiwhakahaere tūmau ariki. Ratonga Whatunga i roto i tenei take, ka taea e mahi i roto i te aratau rua: tuakiri aunoa (taumahi wāhitau ia mīhini) ranei tāuru ā-.

whatunga rohe Local, i roto i te parau tumu, i te āhuatanga motuhake o e ngā anake i roto i te meka e ki tetahi kāpeka rēhita (kore te e hiahiatia, hei tauira, hoa ki te hoa whatunga) , me te tūmau pokapū (me admin). I tua atu, kia waiho te uru ki te mōhiohio "rassharennye" rānei tonu iti ranei. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te tautuhinga. Heoi, ki te titiro koe ara i nga ratonga kapua pera-ka karanga, ratou, i roto i te meka, rawa, ko te whatunga mariko, te wahi kaiwhakamahi nei e whakamotuhēhē ka riro i te tika ki te uru etahi mōhiohio, download whakatika ranei kōnae, a na i runga i. D. I te taua ētahi wā noa whakarato te huringa tukutahi o tirotiro o te kōnae i roto i te wā tūturu.

Ko te hoahoanga o te Internet: he moka o hītori

I te pae hopea, e haere tatou ki te whatunga, ko e tenei ra te nui rawa i roto i te ao. O te akoranga, te reira te Internet Ao ranei Tukutuku Whānui. whakaaro tukutuku whānui World te ki hei te tauira o te ARPANET - kōrero whakawhanakehia mō ngā take hōia i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i 1969. Na, Heoi, reira kua whakamatauria te hononga anake i waenganui i rua ngā kōpuku, engari i roto i te wa ki te hono atu ki te whatunga mā te whakamahi i te taura i kitea noa ki terminals i roto i te UK.

nui anake i muri, ka ki reira ko te tautuhi e hāngai ana i runga i te TCP kawa IP / me te taumahi pūnaha o ingoa rohe, me i reira ko te mea tenei ra karanga tatou te Internet.

I roto i te whānui, e whakapono ai ki te hei i runga i te Internet i reira he kore tūmau pokapū kotahi te wahi ka rongoa ai te mōhiohio katoa. Ae, e kore e tenei ra, me puku kōpae taua kaha te tīariari. tohaina ngā mōhiohio katoa i roto i rau o nga mano o tūmau takitahi o ngā momo. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, rite kia kia pēnei te Internet ki te hoa, me ki te whatunga kākano. Ki te katoa o tenei i runga i te mīhini kotahi, ka taea e koe te hanga i tō tūmau tukutuku ake, e e whakahaere e kore anake te tautuhinga whatunga ranei te whakaora i te mōhiohio e hiahia ana koe, engari ano hoki ki te hanga i tenei e wātea ana ki ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi. Tohatoha o Wi-Fi - atu i kore i te tauira ohie?

tawhā Basic me ngā tautuhinga

Ko te tawhā me ngā tautuhinga, he kuware mea katoa. Ka rite ki te ture, e kore te whakamahia te urunga ā-o te tūmau whatunga IP, DNS takawaenga ranei mo te wa roa. Engari, whakarato tetahi ISP rorohiko āhukahuka aunoa ranei pūrere pūkoro i roto i te whatunga.

I roto i te Windows-e hāngai ana ngā pūnaha ki te uru enei tautuhinga e hanga mā te āhuatanga whatunga ki te pai rawa o ngā tawhā IPv4 (ranei, ki te rere, IPv6). Ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te tautuhinga rawa ngā wāhitau fariiraa aunoa, e faaore te tomokanga raraunga ā-ringa. Heoi, i roto i ētahi wā, tautautefito ki he taimi whakatū te KPM-kiritaki (uru mamao) ranei te whakarato i te uru ki etahi ratonga motuhake, e hiahiatia ana te urunga raraunga ā-te.

mutunga

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, kia matau ki ta te hoahoanga o te whatunga, i roto i te whānui, e kore te mea tino uaua. Fele, i konei whakaaro matou anake nga āhuatanga matua o te whakahaere o nga whatunga ki te whakamārama ki te tangata, ara te kaiwhakamahi tino ngawari ki tenei pātai, pera ki te korero i runga i te maihao. I roto i te vairaa mau, o te akoranga, ko te nui ake uaua reira, no te mea tatou kahore i pa ki runga i te ariā o te tūmau DNS, takawaenga, DHCP, WINS, a na i runga i. E., I pai rite take e pā ana ki te pūmanawa. Te āhua ara tenei nui ngā mōhiohio iti e ki mahino te hanganga me te mau parau tumu o te mahi o whatunga o tetahi momo.