Whakatepe i matū fluidity. Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te tukua te ahotea

i huaina ira Tukua ko te ngaohiko e ōrite ana ki te uara o te elongation wäriu i muri i tango o te kawenga. He tika faaotiraa o tenei rahinga ki te tīpako i te konganuku whakamahia i roto i te hanga. Ki te kore i tangohia ki pūkete te tawhā whakaaro, e taea arahi tenei ki whānui whanaketanga i roto i te tukanga o te deformation o te rauemi tīpakohia tika. He mea nui ki te tango ki pūkete te wāhi tukua i roto i te hanga o ngā hanganga maitai.

whakaahuatanga tinana

tukua rohe he tohu o te kaha. Ko ratou deformation macroplastic ki pakeke āhua iti. I te pae tino, e taea te māngai tenei tawhā rite te huru o te rauemi, ara, he ngaohiko e hāngai ana ki te uara o raro o te tukua mania i roto i te tūtohi (hoahoa) rauemi totoro. Ka taea e te taua te kanohi rite Tātai: σ _T = P _T / F _0, te wahi P _T ko te kawenga wāhi tukua, a F _{0 ko} te rohe ripeka-motu tuatahi o te tauira tukinotia. E whakatakotoria ana PT te pera-ka karanga rohe i waenganui i nga rohe deformation tāwariwari-kirihou me te rauemi rapa. Ahakoa he hua iti i roto i te ngaohiko (te runga ake FET) ka meinga he deformation nui. Kei te nuinga o te wā whanganga rere Tepe whakarewa i roto i te kg / mm ² ranei N / m ^2. awe te rahi o tenei tawhā e āhuatanga ngā pērā i te maimoatanga waiariki, te tauira matotoru, te aroaro o ngā huānga alloying me poke, momo o te microstructure me hē ripekapeka karaihe, me te tahi atu. rerekē tino tukua ki te pāmahana. A feruri i te hi'oraa o ngā uara mahi o tenei tawhā.

putorino tukua

Ko te kitea tino ko te pānga o te nui homai i roto i te hanga o ngā pūnaha taiepa pēhanga teitei. I roto i taua tauira, me te whakamahi maitai motuhake, e kua he ahotea tukua makona ratou nui, me te āputa iti i waenganui i te raraunga tohu tawhā me te kaha kurut. Ko te tepe teitei ake o te parahi, na fakanatula, te teitei kia te taupū o te uara tīkina o ngaohiko whakahaere. Tenei meka he pānga tika i runga i te uara o te kaha o te parahi, a i runga i, te hanganga whānui. Nā ki te meka e te pūnaha ahotea tīkina uara tawhā tātai he pānga tika i runga i te uara matotoru taiepa e hiahiatia ana e whakamahia i roto i te putorino, ko te mea nui ki te tika tātai i te kaha āhuatanga mōrahi o te parahi ki te whakamahi i roto i te hanga o putorino. Ko tētahi o te whakamāramatanga tino tūturu o te tawhā o enei tikanga ko ki te whakahaere rangahau i runga i te tauira kurut. I roto i te wā katoa he mea e tika ana ki te tango i ki pūkete te rerekētanga i roto i te uara tohu, i runga i te ringa kotahi, me nga uara ahotea tīkina - i runga i te tahi atu.

I tua atu, kia kotahi mohio e te whakaturia tonu te wāhi tukua whakarewa rite ki te hua o te mati ine taipitopito. Ko te pūnaha ahotea tīkina i roto i te nuinga tango i runga i te pūtake o ngā ture ranei kia rite ki te hua o ngā hangarau, me te te ti'aturi i runga i te wheako whaiaro o te kaiwhakanao. Ko te pūnaha paipa matua, pūkei paerewa katoa whakaahuatia i roto i te SNP II-45-75. Ko te kupu, ko te take haumaru tāutanga - kaua matatini, me te tino nui raruraru mahi. Ko te whakamāramatanga tika o tenei tawhā ko te ti'aturi i runga i te tika o nga uara ngaohiko tatau o pikaunga, me te te tukua kaha o te rauemi.

A, no te tīpako E hāngai ana hoki ngā pūnaha mātao putorino i runga i tenei tohu. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e tika mai enei rauemi i roto i te whakapā ki te turanga ngongo whakarewa, a, i runga i, kia whai wāhi i roto i ngā tukanga iahiko, pēhia e pa ana i te huru o te paipa tenei.

rauemi kurut

whakatau te kaha kurut te uara i ai te ngaohiko ka noho tonu ranei peka, i te noa'tu o te elongation. Ko, tenei tawhā tae te wāhi nui ka te neke i te rapa ki te rohe kirihou o te deformation rauemi. Huri i te reira i roto i e taea te whakaritea te wāhi tukua mā te whakamatautau tokotoko.

tātaitanga o PT

Ko te ātete rauemi tukua kaha ko te ahotea i nei tīmata ki te whakawhanake i deformation kirihou. Kia titiro a ki te pehea tatau tenei uara te. I roto i ngā whakahaere ki te tauira porotakaroa, whakatau i te uara o te ahotea noa i roto i te wāhanga ripeka i te wa o te deformation tina heke. Ko te taua tikanga i roto i te ngā i te torsion tauira tubular hua whakatau i te kaha tukua i roto i te kutikuti. Hoki te nuinga o ngā rauemi i te auau i whakaritea e te _T tātai σ = τ _s √3. I roto i ētahi wā i te toronga tonu o te tauira porotakaroa i roto i te kauwhata i runga i nga taumahatanga noa o te elongation rānei arata'i ki te kitea o pera-ka karanga e tukua te ahotea o te niho, i.e. he ngaohiko taka koi i mua i te hanganga o te deformation kirihou.

Ano, hua atu o tenei distortion ki te tetahi uara puta i te ngaohiko tamau, e kiia nei ko TP tinana. Ki te he roa nui te wāhi rere (whakairoiro wāhanga whakapae) kua, ka karanga te rauemi taua te tano-kirihou. Ki te kore e te tūtohi papa, ka karanga nga tauira pakeke. I roto i tenei take, e kore e taea ki te whakapūtā te uara tangohia i nei puta kirihou deformation.

He aha te mea te tukua kaha?

Kia kite a he aha te ahua o te kōwhiringa. I roto i te wā i reira e kore e te whakahuatia te hoahoa ahotea pae e tika ana ki te whakatau i te TP herenga. Ko te kupu, tenei uara ko te ngaohiko i ai he deformation wäriu whanaunga rite ki te 0.2 ōrau. Hei tātai i te hoahoa mā te whakatau tuaka ngaohiko ε he tika ki te whakaroa uara rite ki te 0.2. Mai i tenei wāhi, kawea whakarara raina tika tonu ki te wāhanga tuatahi. Ka rite ki te hua, te wāhi pūtahitanga o te rārangi tika ki te tūtohi tautuhi te uara o te ahotea tohu mo te rauemi ngā. Ano hoki, i huaina tenei kōwhiringa ko hangarau Paraire I tua atu, wehe taratahi tukua kaha i raro i torsion me te piko.

Ko te auau rere rewanga

Tenei tawhā whakatau te kaha o te whakarewa whakarewa ki te whakaki i roto i te āhua rārangi. Ko te auau rere rewanga mō alloys whakarewa me te whakarewa he tona wā i roto i te ahumahi metallurgical - castability. I roto i te meka, ko reira te tau utuutu o te pokey hihiri. whakapuaki te Pūnaha International o Units (SI) rere inu i roto i Pa ^-1 * s ^-1.

Ultimate kurut

Kia titiro a ki te pehea takoto tenei e te āhuatanga o te āhuatanga aunoa. E pā ana te kaha ki te kaha o te rauemi i raro i etahi tikanga me i roto i rerekē pānga mohio a kahore ngatatatata. āhuatanga Mechanical te tikanga whakaritea e te tikanga o tikanga mahere te takoki. Hoki whakamātautau whakamahi tauira paerewa. E rite rawa ngā pūrere Test ki te pūrere e tuhi te hoahoa. Te whakanui ake kawenga i roto i te i te taikaha o te take deformation nui kirihou i roto i te hua. Te tukua te kaha, me te kaha kurut i whati hāngai ki te kawenga teitei, mua i te oti te whakangaromanga o te tauira. I roto i te deformation kirihou o rauemi hāngai i runga i tetahi wāhi i reira i reira ko te whāiti rohe o te wāhanga ripeka. Kei te karanga a hoki te reira i te kaki. Ko te whanaketanga o ngā kiriata maha i roto i te rauemi i hanga te he kiato tiketike o dislocations me reira e pera-ka karanga te whakamutu Germinal. No te mea o ratou whakarahinga i roto i te kōputaputa tauira he. Hanumi tahi, i whai ahua ai ratou kapiti e whakawhānui transversely ki te tuaka o totoro. A i te taime faufaa roa te tino i te tauira ngaro.

He aha te mea te DC mo te piha?

Enei hua Ko te wāhi o te raima whakapakaritia, whakaritea ahu ki te pato'ii te ope kurut. whakamahia te tikanga tutaki maitai, engari i reira he okotahi. Me mahi ēnei hua tahi me te papatipu o te raima i ngā wāhanga katoa o te utanga, kahore okotahi tenei hanga, roa, me te he āhuatanga kōngohe. Na hoki ki te whakatau i nga tikanga katoa o te ahumahi o enei momo o mahi. Ko te āhuatanga pūkaha o te parahi whakamahia i roto i te hanga o mapuni, tāuta hāngai GOST me ngā āhuatanga hangarau. GOST 5781-61 whakarato wha akomanga o enei hua. Kua tikanga te toru tuatahi mō ngā whakaaro tikanga, me te Free o tutaki mānukanuka i roto i ngā pūnaha prestressed. Kurut ngā tukua kaha i runga i te piha haapiiraa hua rānei e taea tae 6000 kg / ^cm2. Ko te kupu, i roto i tenei tawhā piha haapiiraa tuatahi ko āhua 500 kg / cm ^2, te tuarua - 3000 kg / cm ^2, he toru o 4000 kg / cm ^2, me te tuawha - 6000 kg / cm ^2.

Tukua kaha o te parahi

Hoki hurihia i roto i te GOST whirihoranga taketake 1050-88 PT whakarato te uara e whai ake nei: takahi 20 - 25 kgf / mm ^2, te tohu 30 - 30 kgf / mm ^2, te tohu 45 - 36 kgf / mm ^2. Heoi, hoki te taua maitai, hangaia e te whakaae i mua o te kiritaki, me te kaiwhakanao, kia whai i te tukua te ahotea uara rerekē (te taua GOST). Ko te kupu, ko te parahi kōeke 30 Ka whai i roto i te rahi Fr i 30 ki te 41 kgf / mm ² me te tohu 45 - i roto i te whānui 38-50 kgf / mm ^2.

mutunga

I roto i te hoahoa ngā hanganga maitai (whare, piriti, aha) tukua kaha whakamahia te rite te tohu o te paerewa kaha i roto i te raveraa i tātaitanga uara kawenga whakaaetia aua tohua tauwehe haumaru. Ko hoki kuhunga i raro i te pēhanga, tatau te nui o kawenga whakaaetia i runga i te pūtake o te UT, me te te kaha kurut, me nga tikanga mahi whakatakotoranga.