HangangaPūtaiao

Wai hauwai: Āhuatanga me tono

hauwai wai - tetahi o nga āhua hiato o te hauwai. Tohatoha atu kāwanatanga haurehu waihā me te totoka o tenei huānga. A ki te mea he maheni ki he tokomaha te puka haurehu waihā, te toe e rua āhua tino whakaara pātai.

kōrero

hauwai wai i whiwhi kua anake i roto i te thirties o te rau tau whakamutunga, engari kua tae mai tenei matū he ara roa i runga i te whanaketanga o tenei tikanga o te rokiroki hau me te tono.

experimentally timata Refrigeration ki te whakamahi i roto i te waenganui o te rautau tekau ma waru i roto i Ingarangi. I te tau 1984 riro ia te hauhā whanariki liquefied me te haukini. I runga i te pūtake o enei akoranga, e rua tekau nga tau i muri mai whakawhanakehia reira te pouaka tuatahi, a i roto i tetahi atu toru tekau nga tau kua tukuna Perkins he ārai mōhiohio mo tona tenenga. I roto i te tau 1851, i runga i te tahi atu taha o te Atlantic Dzhon Gori mea i runga i nga Tika o te hanganga o te whāhauhau rangi.

Ki te hauwai haere mai te reira i anake i roto i te 1885, ka kauwhautia te Pou Wroblewski i tona tuhinga i te wāhi e koropupu ana o tenei huānga ko 23 Kelvin, te pāmahana tihi - 33 Kelvin, me te pēhanga tino ko te 13 atmospheres. I muri i tenei tauākī ki te waihanga i tētahi hauwai wai tamata Dzheyms Dyuar i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, engari e kore e te pūmautanga o te taonga i tupu.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

Tenei āhua whakahiato āhuatanga e te rauemi kiato rawa iti - haurau karamu ia henemita pūtoru. hanga tenei reira taea ki te whakamahi i ipu āhua iti ki te rokiroki hauwai wai. Ko te wāhi e koropupu ko 20 anake Kelvin (-252 degrees) me e paari kē tenei taonga i 14 nekehanga Kelvin.

Ko te wai e kore kakara, te tae, me te reka. Mixing reira ki te hāora kia meinga pahūtanga hawhe te wā. Ki runga ki pa te wāhi e koropupu ana o hauwai haere ki te āhua haurehu waihā me ona piki rōrahi e 850 wā.

I muri i whakanohoia aro o te hauwai e i roto i ngā kiriweti, tautoko nei i te pēhanga iti me te pāmahana i roto i te whānui i te 15 ki te 19 Kelvin.

hauwai nuinga

whakaputaina hauwai wai te āwenewene me i roto i te taiao māori e kore e puta. Ki te kore e tangohia e koutou ki te pūkete te āhua töpü, te hauwai - te huānga nui tino i runga i te whenua e kore anake, engari puta noa i te ao. Kei a ia ko nga whetu (tae atu i to tatou ra), ki tonu ratou i te wāhi i waenganui i a ratou. he wāhi i roto i te tauhohe hononga hauwai, a kia hanga i te kapua.

kirinuku o te whenua i taua huānga noho anake e pā ana ki tetahi ōrau o te tapeke o te taonga. Ka taea te tata tona tūranga i roto i to tatou hauropi i te meka e te maha o te ngota hauwai i roto i te rua o tau ki te hāora anake. I to tatou paraneta, e herea tata katoa rakau o H 2. Hauwai - he wāhanga o taata ora katoa.

te whakamahi o

whakamahia hauwai wai (pāmahana -252 degrees) te rite te pokepokea ai mo te rokiroki o te penehīni me te tahi atu pārōnaki hinu, he mea parakore. I tua atu, i te whakapumautia i tēnei wā transportation ariā e taea te whakamahi i te hauwai liquefied rite wahie hei utu o hau tūturu. e whakaiti tenei i nga utu hanga o ngā rauemi tino, me te whakaiti i pira. Otiia e kore e rite ki te roa rite te hoahoa paetahi o te pūkaha, a ka kitea taua mea.

Kei te whānui whakamahia hauwai wai rite te physicists refrigerant i roto i o ratou ngā ki ngā iramoe. Mai te papatipu o te matūriki timatanga me te karihi hauwai e ngā rite, utu pūngao he therebetween rawa pai.

Hua me Ngaahi Fakafe'ātungiá

hauwai wai ka taea whakawera puhoi o te kōhauhau me te whakaiti i te nui o ngā haurehu kati kōtuhi, ki te whakamahia hei wahie mo waka. I roto i tona taunekeneke ki te hau (i muri i haere i roto i te pūkaha ngingiha ā-) ka hua te wai, me moni iti o te waikura nitric.

Heoi, kua tenei whakaaro ona ake fifi, hei tauira, te tikanga o te rokiroki hau me te transportation, me te he nui ake te mōrea o te ahi tae noa pahūtanga ranei. e kore e taea Ahakoa mana'o e ki mehua whakatūpato katoa ārai i te whakaetonga o te hauwai.

propellant

hauwai wai (pāmahana rokiroki ake ki te 20 Kelvin) ko te wāhanga o te propellant. He maha ngā mahi:

  1. Meangiti o ngā wāhanga pūkaha me te tiaki i te pupuha i pukā.
  2. Whiwhi tokotoko i muri i te ranu ki te hāora, me te whakawera.

Modern engines tākirirangi mahi i runga i te huinga o te hauwai-hāora. E āwhina ana tēnei ki te whakatutuki i te tere e hiahiatia ana ki te hinga i te attraction o te whenua, a ka ki te pupuri i te katoa o te rererangi, i waho ngohengohe ratou ki te mahi o te pāmahana tino.

I tēnei wā i reira he kotahi anake tākirirangi, e tino whakamahi hauwai rite wahie. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, e hiahiatia hauwai wai te ki wehe wāhanga o runga, aua whakaaro te nuinga o te mahi i mau i roto i te vacuo ranei. Mai i te kairangahau i whakaaro ki te whakamahi i te hawhe-tio ahua o te huānga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i tona kiato.

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