US ngā Ipurangi Arona Swartz: haurongo, whakatutukitanga me meka ngā. Te ora me te mate Aarona Shvartsa

iwi ngingila i nga wa katoa, e kore i maha matau e ona to'ume'á, a mooni pakaru te mana rahi. History mahara te rota o taua tauira, tetahi o i ko te ngā US Internet Arona Swartz. whawhai ia mo te whai wāhi noa ki te kōrero, hiahia ki te hanga i te rerekētanga i roto i te tikanga pūtaiao. Heoi, rawa nui te wā me te tokomaha rawa mau fifi i ni'ai te ara i hoatu whakarau ia ...

biography

tīmata Aarona Shvartsa kōrero Whiringa 8, 1986 i roto i Chicago. I whanau ia, ka whakaarahia i roto i te hapu o te kaiwhakarewa o te kamupene rorohiko - Roberta Shvartsa. I tua atu i a ia, i roto i te hapu e rua tamariki: ona teina Ben ko Noa. Otiia whakakitea Arona i te wawe tau te nui ake moni i roto i te mea katoa hou. No te tau toru ako ia ki te pānui i, a muri taukei i te rorohiko me te hōtaka. E ai ki tona whānau, ki te ako i tetahi kaupapa, i nui ki te pānui i te torutoru pukapuka te tamaiti, a ka he rite ki te whakaako i runga i to ratou ake turanga ariā o ētahi atu ia. E kore e taea e tatou te mea e ko te prodigy taitama whakakake, engari tona kaha hinengaro ki te patua, ka meinga feaa ia kaiako.

hanganga

O te akoranga, ki te 7 tau o Arona Swartz kua ahau i te mea taimaha rawa o te matauranga (i roto i ngā, i roto i te pūtaiao rorohiko), na ko reira uaua ki a ia mo e i roto i rātou hoa i roto i te mātauranga kura auau. Hoki te maha o nga tau i tae ia he kura tūmataiti i roto i te āhua o Illinois, i te kainga o Winnetka. Heoi, i kore hāngai reira te tukanga mātauranga. whakapono ia e kāinga ko wa horihori me te ururua anake, faanevaneva i te tahi mea faufaa atu ki a ia. I tau 14, mana puta Shvarts Arona i te kura nui, a rere ana ki te ao o te Ipurangi me te cyberculture.

whakauru ia i University Stanford, engari mahue i muri i te tau a ia. I roto i te tika i te marama torutoru o reira tona noho, hanga e ia he rota o huringa i roto i te ao hou, o ngā pūnaha hiko, tīmata ki te cataloguer whare pukapuka, me te whakamutu ki te whai wāhi pūkaha o ngā ākonga i roto i te ruma.

Ko tētahi o nga take he aha i mahue Arona te whare wānanga, ko te "wehenga mamati." Ko ia he theorist nui, me te mahi o te mātauranga-whaiaro, me reira whakaaro here taurite o te whai wāhi ki te matauranga pūtaiao e vai i roto i te ao. E pana reira iwi taitamariki ki te tomo i te whare wānanga, i roto i te tikanga ki te whai i te tika ki te pīra ki te pūranga hiko motuhake. te kitenga o Arona Swartz tenei taumu'a ōhanga, reira, whakatakotoria atu ki te huri i te pūnaha.

mahi ngaio

Ka mahue a Stanford, reti kaihātepe-tau 16-tau te fare, a ka anga ki te whakawhanake i tona kaupapa ake - he tomokanga mōhiohio, ka karanga Infogami. I whakaratohia pūtea e Summer Founders Program, i tapaea e te kaupapa whakapaipai u Y Combinator.

I muri mai, kua hanga ki te tautoko pūtea o te tahua haumi taua Arona Swartz he atamira mō te Infogami, i meinga te pūtake mō ngā pae web.ru me Open Library. Ko tino hao tenei kaupapa, me tona whakatinanatanga Schwartz ko te kaiāwhina, hoa. Na reira, i roto i te 2005 i whakaritea e te reira ki te ngā Infogami ki te pae rongo pāpori Reddit. I taua wa, ka tahuri te taitamariki poto Ipurangi 19 tau. I whāngai ōkawa reira e te rōpū mahi o hötaka ngaio. Otiia kihai i te tari i ki te mahi mō te Schwartz wairua. tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki tenei i roto i te taipitopito i roto i tona blog whaiaro. "Ko nga taiepa hina, tepu hina, me te haruru hina" mo'oni peia ia haurangi. Na ka whakaritea e ia i runga i te taahiraa maia.

Reddit tahi-kaiwhakarewa Arona Swartz kore ua i te haere ki te mahi a tonoa ana hoa i te whakaahua o te T-shirt ki te tuhituhinga "Nā» (Nā). I muri i taua, hokona e ia tona tĭtĭ i roto i te whare whakaputa Conde Nast, me nga hua haumi i roto i te whanaketanga o tētahi atu mahi - Tipene. Kua riro te kaupapa hou i te pātaka o te raraunga i runga i ngā kaupapa here US, i kohia nei i ngā mātāpuna e wātea ana. I teie mahana, Heoi, e kore e mahi i te pae.

ngā

I roto i te 2010, i whakaturia Arona Swartz Demand Progress rōpū tika tangata. Ko te whakaaro matua o reira ko ki te whawhai ki te aukatinga Ipurangi, me te hara o te haere noa Ipurangi. Ko te rōpū nuitia ka karanga te iwi i runga i te tukutuku ki tākiekina Congress me kau taki tōrangapū, huihuia inoi, titiro hoki huanga i runga i te mana, me te ueue i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki whakahounga kāwanatanga. Mai taua wa te ngā tōrangapū o te kaihātepe.

Victory mo SOPA

Ko te tihi o tenei mahi Schwartz ko te pakanga ki SOPA (Ture Kāti Online tāhae). I roto i te Congress, i reira ko he pātai i runga i te whakatamarikitanga o te ture hou i runga i cybersquatting. O te akoranga, tona tūranga tino whāiti haere noa kaiwhakamahi Ipurangi '. I tenei rongo kua ähua te iwi whānui tino koi. Na te whakawhetai katoa ki te mau tautooraa o Schwartz me ana hoa i roto i te rōpū. Ka mau ki nga ara, ki nga mano o te iwi ki te tono e hoatu ake te pire hou. Rārangi o Congress i pōti "mo", i hohoro tohaina, a muri He wāhi kino i roto i nga kaitōrangapū umanga. mutu te take ki te wikitoria o Schwartz.

take kōti

kihai i rite taua mahi te kāwanatanga US, na kua whakapumautia te FBI tirotiro o te kaihātepe. A i roto i te 2011 whakahaere ratou ki te hopu i a ia i roto i te tikiake kōnae i roto i te kupenga University o Massachusetts whare pukapuka ki te mahi tūmataiti o pūtaiao pukapuka JSTOR. I roto i te meka, kihai i he hara nui tona whanonga. Ki te whai wāhi ki te tuhinga, e hiahiatia ana te kaiwhakamahi i ki te utu i te ohaurunga. ka haere a Arona Swartz ki tapahia koki me tūmau faaoti. Aha te tikanga ia ki te mahi ki ngā tānga, e kore e mohiotia. Te nuinga pea, hoatu ratou i roto i tuwhera uru. Otiia mai i rēhitatia reira te take marae, nga rauemi katoa i ki hoki ki te pūtake taketake. Ahakoa i JSTOR kahore kerēme ki te kaihātepe, ano i whakatupato ia, ka hopukina. Maoro, Heoi, i tukua e ia ki runga ki pēra o 100 mano. Tara.

Otiia kihai tenei take i mutu Schwartz, a hohoro timata ia mahi i runga i te ratonga hou Dead Whakataka. Ko te hongere mōhiohio tiaki hoki kairīpoata e hiahia ana ki te whakahē kaupapa ā-ture, engari kia ingoamuna.

I roto i te Mahuru 2012, ua haapii Arona Schwartz e kua katia te take ki a ia i. Ano, ki te hono maumaui e whakarārangitia i mua tapiritia atu he torutoru tūemi (hei tauira, tinihanga mēra, me te waea me te kino tiakina rorohiko). Na anga ia 35 tau i roto i te whare herehere, me te pai o tetahi miriona tāra.

mate

I roto i te waenganui-Hānuere 2013 i reira ki te kia tū marae i te take Schwartz. Ngā mātua, hoa, me tona kaiwhakaako o te ture i māia e taea riro ratou, a ka whai kore whiu, rite te āhuatanga ake meinga he whakautu kaha tūmatanui. Na ka haere mai nga iwi maha mana ki te korero o te ngā Ipurangi. Heoi, ko te whakaaro o te rāhuitanga taea o te haere noa tāmia Schwartz.

January 11, 2013 i kitea e ia kua mate i roto i tona fare Brooklyn. Whakamomori Ko te poto rorohiko (i whakairihia Arona Swartz i runga i te whitiki o patiti) haere mai rite te ru ki te ao katoa. A ahakoa i roto i tona blog whaiaro, ia tamau pa ki runga ki tenei, te hiahia ki te huri i te titiro roroa me kaha te ao, me te matewai mō haere noa o ngā mōhiohio. Heoi, i na ka mau a reira tona ora ake Arona Swartz. Kua ohorere te take o te mate katoa te hunga mohio poto. Tata tino whakapangia te kāwanatanga US i roto i tona mahi pau. Pressure i runga i te wahi o ratou, te āhua, i kaha rawa.

to'utangata whakaaro

He tau i muri mai, ka karanga he pakipūmeka "tangohia Ipurangi-tamaiti i muri i te ati. History o Aarona Shvartsa. " wheturangitia te reira i whanaunga kaihātepe, I marama tonu nei korero e pā ana ki poto Ipurangi, me nga take mo tona mate. E ai ki te whakaaro noa, ka Shvarts Arona te patunga o te pūnaha tōrangapū US, i whakamahia te reira rite te tauira ki te whakapuaki i tona mana. I roto i te meka, kahore ture, e kore ia i tukua atu nei e. Tikiake ana tuhinga i JSTOR, e kore te kaihātepe e meinga kino ki te tangata, a kahore riro te painga rauemi. Ko te kāwanatanga US, te mea i tenei take ki te tākaro ki te ringa, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatōpū i tona mana i roto i te wāhi Ipurangi.

Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i muri i te matenga o Schwartz, te nuinga e taea te tiki ia mo ana mahi, he mea 6 marama i roto i te koroni mauhere o. Otiia ko nui te pēhanga rawa hinengaro, te tirotiro FBI me here o te haere noa mo te kuao kaihātepe.

Ko mamae te tinihanga o te Institute Massachusetts o Whakahaere (MIT), i whakamatauria ki te kia tau'a ki te take Schwartz. Mahalo ko reira ano hoki i raro i te pēhanga i te mana.

Ko te kiriata "tamariki o te Internet. hipoki History o Aarona Shvartsa "(ingoa tetahi) i ki te hakari i Canada me i te USA (Austin, TX) ka riro te aro mātai pai o te whakarongo.

whakatutukitanga

I te tau o 13, i toa a Arona te whakataetae o hötaka taitamariki ArsDigita paraihe mo te hanganga o te pai-kore whārangi tukutuku mātauranga. Ka rite ki te taonga, riro ia te tika ki te haere ki te Institute Massachusetts o Technology (te MIT), i reira ka tutaki ia ki he kau taki Ipurangi nui, i roto i ngā, me Tim Berners-Lee (kaiwhakarewa o te Tukutuku Ao Whānui) ko Lawrence Lessing (Ahorangi, Harvard University). I muri mahi tahi ia ki a ratou, mau wahi i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā hōtaka, me ngā ariā wä.

ora whaiaro

I runga i te ora whaiaro o Schwartz mohiotia te he iti. E ai ki te putanga e pā ana, ko reira te kairīpoata arearea nui tuatahi Quinn Norton (Wrided Journal). tutaki ratou i te marenatia ano ia. I waenganui ia ratou whakapumautia tonu te hononga wairua. ko te kore tona faaipoiporaa, na hohoro i muri i te whakaminenga Arona Quinn oho i tahi ia ia, me tana tamahine. Ko te take mō te wehenga he unknown, ko te kaihātepe taitamariki me te kairīpoata ki te mutunga, ki te pupuri i aroha mahana.

te rua te hononga tino Arona Schwartz whakawhanakehia ki Taren Staynbrikner-Kauffman, kaiwhakahaere matua o te moni o Us waka Ipurangi. tutaki ratou i te marama torutoru i mua i te ati.

meka ngā

• I roto i te 13 tau, ko Arona Swartz he mema o te rōpū mahi mō te hanga kai rongo RSS. A, no te ako hoa tona tau tūturu, i miharo ratou, a ka whakaritea tonu te hui ki te kuao poto.
• Te hononga ki te kotiro Taren Shvarts ka mau rawa hohonu a tino, kia hoki te maha nga marama i mua i te tamataraa, me te ati whakaarohia ia ki a ia. moe ia o te faaipoiporaa tano, me te ohorere ki te karo i taeae faufaa, me te haruru. Heoi, kihai te kotiro, ka ūkuia te tamataraa ka ū mai.
• ko Arona rawa ataahua, me te tangata huna. karangatia ia Kotahi hoa Uikler ki te hakari utuafare. Otiia kihai i Schwartz whakakorikoria nga mano, ka mea ia, i te mamae i te colitis ulcerative, a na reira piri ki te tahua motuhake. Ka rite ki te hua, i te taitamariki poto Ipurangi ki te kai taro anake.
• I roto i te ngā Ipurangi kua he i'oa Arona Swartz - te kaiwhakaari, pai mohiotia hoki te raupapa TV "Gossip Girl" me "Ancient".
• E rua wiki i muri i te matenga o Schwartz activists ipurangi kaupapa "Anonymous" taumanutia mahi tūmataiti o te US Commission i te whakaü o ngā rerenga kōrero, ka mau te mana o ia, a ki runga ki te whārangi kāinga whakairia he karere e US rangatira "whiti te aho" me te riri ki te whakaputanga o te mōhiohio ai ngā . Ko reira he ahua o te utu mo te poto ipurangi me te ngā.
• I muri i te hoê ati poromu i roto i te Whare whakaarohia e rave rahi te mau melo o Congress menemana ki te utu ture.

PS

I teie mahana, te ora me te mate Aarona Shvartsa - he tauira pirimia o te toa haere noa i te katoa aroturuki ipurangi me te mahi torotoro i runga i te wahi o te kāwanatanga. Mai tamarikitanga, ka haere ia i runga i tona ara ake o te whanaketanga, ui nga ture pāpori me te tōrangapū, me ture, a na reira te whakaputa whakaaro ahurei, me te tamata ki te kawe ia ratou ki mooni. Otiia kihai i matau Schwartz tonu i hono to'utangatá, me te mana tōrangapū whakamahi ia hei tauira o te whawhai uaua ki mūrere, me te tinihanga. Ahakoa kore tona kōrero ki JSTOR meinga tetahi kino rauemi. hiahia a Arona Swartz ki te huri i te ao, a ka he te reira tetahi wahi e taea. Kua kawea tona ngā i roto i te neke nui i roto i te mahara tūmatanui.