Tundra - he wāhi tūturu. whakamārama poto

Tundra - kei hea he reira? Ehara i te katoa e taea ana ki te whakautu i tēnei pātai mau rave'a ohie. Tatou i te reira. Tundra - he wāhi tūturu (atu āta, te momo o ngā rohe), e takoto ki te raki o te otaota ngahere. E kore e te oneone i reira he permafrost, whakakiia te awa me te moana wai. cover Snow uaua rawa 50 cm, me ētahi wā e kore e hipokina te whenua. Permafrost me tamau hau kaha te pānga kino i runga i hua (pararopi, kihai i wa ki "ena" i roto i te raumati, a ka kua whakatangihia atu he tio).

Ko te Etymology o te wā

I roto i te parau tumu, te Tundra - he ariā i roto i te noa. He he Me tonu etahi whakamārama. mau ai Tundra kia rerekē: repo, Peat, kohatu. Mai i te raki he iti ki te koraha Arctic ratou, engari ko tona taha tonga te timatanga o te Arctic. E whakaaro ana te āhuatanga matua o te waimaori Tundra haumākū nui, permafrost me hau kaha. Ko te otaota i reira he āhua korekore. E aki Plants ki te whenua, hanga wana haumitanga maha (te tipu "urunga").

Ko te ariā rawa o (te Etymology o te wā) i tono i Finns: kupu tunturi tikanga "maunga treeless." Hoki te wa roa i whakaaro ai he faaiteraa o porowini, me te kore whāngai ōkawa. Mahalo tangohia te ariā kua whakawhetai pakiaka ki Karamzin, e tohe e "kia waiho te kupu i roto i to tatou kupu," no te mea kahore he reira uaua ki te tāutu i te whanui, iti, mania treeless, tupuria ki pūkohu, i taea te korero haere, geographers me kaitito.

whakarōpū

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, te Tundra - whānui noa tēnei ariā te. I roto i te meka, kua wehea ai ki toru rohe matua: te Arctic, puku o, me te tonga. Whakaaroa ratou he taipitopito iti ake.

1. Tundra Arctic. Tenei grassy subband (te nuinga). semishrubs āhuatanga urunga puka me talingelingá. "Tika" o rakau iti i reira. He he rota o whanau pāti o uku me te permafrost hapahapai puke.

2. Tundra toharite (huaina angamaheni) te nuinga pūkohu. Tata te roto i reira wiwi otaota ki te pātītī tāú me pata. Here e taea te kite koe i te wirou ngokingoki me nga rakau birch papaka, hawahawa, talingelingá huna.

3. Tundra Tonga - ko te nuinga wāhi ururua. Ko te otaota i konei he ti'aturi i runga i te ahopou.

āhuarangi

He pakeke rawa (subarctic) te āhuarangi. Ko te aha i roto i nga kararehe Tundra he kau - kore e taea e ki te hanga i te taua hau kaha, me te matao kararehe katoa. Tino uaua, i reira he māngai o kararehe nui. Mai Kei te nuinga o te Tundra te runga ake te Arctic Circle, he kore nui anake atu kino, engari nui roa toetoe. e kore e ratou muri mo te toru marama, kia rite ki mua, engari rua rite te roa (i huaina po neke). I tenei wa, ina koa i roto i te Tundra makariri. āhuarangi continental puaki te pakeke o te hotoke. I roto i te hotoke, i te pāmahana toharite i roto i te Tundra ko -30 ° C (a ētahi wā i raro, e kore te mea nohinohi te nei).

Ka rite ki te tikanga, e kore te mea te āhuarangi raumati i roto i te Tundra (ko reira tino poto). whakaaro August te māfana te marama. Te pāmahana toharite i tenei wa, ko te + 7-10 ° C. Ko te otaota mai ki te ora i roto i August.

Otaota, kararehe

Tundra - he rangatiratanga o Kiwa me Aropi. I te tahi taime e taea kite koe angiosperms (te nuinga o pata he iti), rakau iti iti, rakau papaka (birch, whiro). māngai Angamaheni o te ao kararehe - he pokiha, Caribou, wuruhi, hipi bighorn, hea, Lemming. Kitea i roto i te Tundra me manu: plover ma-parirau, te kopakopa Lapland, ptarmigan, ruru te hukarere, Plover, Snow Bunting, Pipit Whero-throated.

Tundra - tenei "pito o te whenua", he taonga i roto i nei wai ika (whitefish, whitefish, Cisco, inconnu). Reptiles ngā kahore: no te mea o te iti pāmahana kaha matao-toto ki te ora e taea noa.