Tipu Cultivated - he aha te mea tenei?

uwhi - he aha tupu iwi e āta ki muri tahuri reira ki te kai, kai, rongoā, ahumahi rauemi mata me te ake tenei. I roto i te whānui, hopoi mai te reira i te rota o te painga ki te tangata.

māra

I tēnei wā, i reira e he maha nui o ngā tipu hua i riro iwi, domesticating me te mahi kai mohoao. Tatau taea e ratou tino roa. Culturing ngā ira engineering, hybridization me te kōwhiringa. He tino noa enei tikanga katoa i tenei ra. Kua ako te iwi ki te ahu ake, me te kai tipu hua e kore e taea te mea e pā ana ki to ratou mohoao "whanaunga." rerekē ratou i roto i ngā huarahi maha.

Āhuatanga o mahinga me mohoao tipu

tipu Cultural me mohoao - e rua ariā tino rerekē. e kore e te raruraru ratou. I roto i te nuinga o te wā e kore e tika ana mō te kai me te tunu kai nga tupuna mohoao o te uwhi. Iwi i mōrearea o te kai anake, ka hiakai, te kore oti o te kai. Heoi, i roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e te tahi mau tipu mohoao i ngā āhuatanga whakaora, me te kawe painga ki te tinana, e kore he angamaheni o ratou ahurea "uri" nei. He mea tino nui ki te mohio.

Ko te pukapuka rongonui Vavilov

I roto i te putanga o "pokapū o te take", fa'u e Vavilov tino korero e pā ana ki te huringa o ngā tipu mohoao i roto i te ahurea. Kei te kore reira ngā kia kia maheni ki te pehea i te tukanga? I roto i te pukapuka taua, ka taea e koe te tiro i te whakapakoko e tohu ana i te otaota hua. Hoki te whanaketanga whānui e tūtohu ana ki te whakaaro te mea e ratou, ano he mohoao rerekē i ratou ranei. whanau maha tipu hua i roto i te taiwhanga, te wahi i whakapae kaipūtaiao ratou. A i runga i te wā whakarārangi ratou nga piki katoa, tapiritia reira ingoa hou, mō te hua me te engineering ira e tere te whanake.

whakarato pūtaiao te taupori ki te tokomaha piki o ngā tipu hua e te hunga e tika ana mō te kai. Ēnei ngā maha hybrids o ngā momo ngā.

Center o takenga

Tenei wāhi matawhenua te wahi te whakatau i te nui o te hunga atu rerekētanga o reira ranei. I te tuatahi whakaahuatia Vavilov waru taua wāhi. Heoi, i roto i tuhituhi i muri, ka korero ia o nga wāhi e whitu. Te tangata i te iti rawa kia mohio he iti e pā ana ki a ratou.

1. rohe o Āhia ki te Tonga pārūrū. E whenua no konei? Tropical India, South China, Indo-China, te motu o te Asia Tonga-Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko nui hoki te nui faahiahia o te uwhi (e pā ana ki 1/3 o tuwhera katoa inaianei o ngā momo) tenei pokapū. Here taea kitea e koe i te nui nui o huawhenua me hua, me te huka kakaho.
2. rohe o Āhia Te Tai Rāwhiti. He aha te āhua e ngā reira? Eastern me pokapū China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea. tupu te reira i soybeans, kai rota o huawhenua me hua, etahi momo o rai. Ko te hoki tenei rohe, he tino āna - 20% o te hua kei te takiwa i roto i tenei rohe. Faahiahia e kore te mea te reira,? He te uwhi - he aha tenei? Tenei, kia rite ki kitea e matou i roto i mua, e tupu aua iwi, whai etahi whāinga.
3. Tonga-Te Hau-ā-uru rohe Āhia. He aha te mea e pā ana ki? Tuatahi o te katoa, i runga i te Minor ko Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru India. He ko etahi momo o witi, he nui nui o te witi, karepe, rai, pini, hua. I roto i tenei rohe tupu 14% o nga tipu ngakia, pai-mohiotia i roto i te ao.
4. rohe Mediterranean. Tenei āhua, marara i runga i nga takutai o te moana. Tenei rohe, i reira te nunaa i tahito ra tino mana, hua e pā ana ki 11% o nga momo mahinga otaota. Ko ētahi o ēnei oriwa, he maha huawhenua (hei tauira, te kāpeti), me te tokomaha nui o ngā tipu te tikanga mo te kai (mirete puawai, clover). Ko te wāhi rawa ohaoha, e kai tatou tenei. He tipu ngakia - he taonga whenua.
5. rohe Abyssinian. Ko te wāhi tika iti o te fenua African ki te tipu hua rawa rerekē tenei. Te nuinga pea, ko te pokapū tawhito taketake o te ahuwhenua tenei. Here tupu Sorghum, tikipī (oilseed), kotahi momo o te panana, etahi momo ngā o te parei, me te witi.
6. rohe American Central. Kei roto i tēnei Tonga Mexico. he taonga i roto i te witi, koukou, pini, roa-tino kai miro, etahi paukena tenei rohe. Here tupu e pā ana ki 90 ngā momo o otaota mahinga. Ko te tino he rota tenei. Kaua e wareware e te tipu ngakia - ko to tatou oranga tenei, a reira kia tatou hamani āta otaota.
7. American Tonga (o'Anitesí) rohe. Mai i te taitara, ko reira mārama e pā ana tenei ki te pokapū. Kei roto te reira i te tahi mau wāhi maunga o'Anitesí haere te tai hauāuru o South American. Here, he maha nui o tuberous (hei tauira, rīwai), he maha ngā tipu rongoā (cinchona, Coca ngahere, me te pera i runga i. D.). He kanorau otaota Local. He mea pai e ko na ohaoha to matou whenua, kia rite ki te tipu ngakia - ko reira te tahi mea, kahore nei i kore i taea e tatou e ora.

mutunga

Na e matau ana koutou ki ta nga otaota hua, a kore whakapoauau ratou ki te parae. e mohio ana koe etahi o ratou ingoa. he tika ki te mahara tenei mōhiohio, he tino ki te haere mai i roto i te pepa i roto i te ora ia.