Russia i roto i te rau tau 16: whanaketanga kaupapa here

rau tau 16 i roto i Russia - te hanganga o te kāwanatanga Russian centralized. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā, ko te ki te hinga wehewehenga feudal - te tukanga o characterizing te whanaketanga tūturu o te feudalism. Cities tupu, te whakanui ake i te taupori, te whakawhanake i hokohoko me whanaunga waho. Huringa i roto i te āhua ā-ōhanga arahi ki tata faaohiparaa kaha o nga peasants me ratou pōpula muri.

E kore te mea ngāwari te hītori o Russia 16-17 rau - he reira te wā o te hanganga o te tufaa, hanganga o nga turanga. Nga ngā toto o te whawhai, e ngana ana ki te tiaki ia ratou i nga Tuhinga o Golden Horde me te wa o muri akina e hiahiatia ana ringa maro tonu o kotahitanga kāwanatanga o te iwi.

Ko te hanganga o te kāwanatanga centralized

MURI whakakotahitanga o Russia, ka hinga i te ta'efā'ūtaha feudal puta i roto i te rau tau 13. i ngā kite i roto i te rangatiratanga Vladimir, kei roto i te raki-rawhiti tenei. haukotia te whanaketanga i te taha o te whakaekenga o te Tatar-Mongol, e kore anake pakanga iho te tukanga o te whakakotahitanga, engari meinga ano nui kino ki te iwi Russian. timata te whakaoranga anake i roto i te rau tau 14:. te ora o te ahuwhenua, te hanga o nga pa, te whakatūnga o hononga ōhanga. riro te atu taimaha katoa Muscovy ko Moscow, tona rohe kei te tipu āta. Ko te whanaketanga o Russia i te rau tau 16 i aru te ara o te whakapakari i te ngā whakahēnga piha haapiiraa. I roto i te tikanga ki te tara i te peasants, ko nga ariki feudal ki te whakahaere kotahi, te whakamahi i te puka hou o whanaunga tōrangapū, whakakaha i te tari pokapū.

Ko te take tuarua e whai wāhi ki te tapaia o nga rangatiratanga me te whakakotahitanga o ngā mana - te tūranga whakaraerae o te kaupapa here ke. Ki te whawhai ki hoariri ke, me te Golden Horde i tika ki te whakakotahi katoa. Anake i roto i tenei ara Russian taea riro te Kulikovo mara, me te i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 15. tino tautuhi anō i te ioka Tatar-Mongol, i roa ake i te rua rau tau.

Ko te tukanga o te hanganga o te kāwanatanga kotahi faaite matua i roto i nga rohe uniana i mua āhua motuhake ki tetahi Muscovy nui, me te i roto i te huringa o te whakahaere tōrangapū o te hapori, te āhua o te tufaa. Mai i te wāhi matawhenua o tirohanga, i oti te tukanga i te timatanga o te c 16., Ko hanga e te taputapu tōrangapū i anake i roto i te hawhe tuarua.

Vasily III

Ka taea e tatou te mea i timata ki te kingitanga o Vasily III, e kake te torona i roto i 1505 i te tau o 26 tau te rau tau 16 i roto i te hītori o Russia. Ko ia te tuarua o nga tama a Ivan III te nui. Kua te Emperor o Russia katoa kua marenatia rua. Hoki te wā tuatahi i runga i te māngai o te whānau boyar tawhito Solomonii Saburovoy (whakaahua i raro nei - hangaia anō kanohi o te angaanga). ka mau te marena wahi i runga i a 09.04.1505, engari mo te 20 tau o te faaipoiporaa, e kore i hoatu e ia whanau ki te kainga. ka ui haapeapea Prince he whakarere. hohoro ia riro te whakaae o te hahi me te Boyar Duma. He take rite aru wahine whakarere mōhiohio tohutoro ki te ohu whakapono he tuatahi i roto i te hītori o Russia.

Ko te wahine tuarua o te emepera Elena Glinskaya e ahu i te utuafare Lithuanian tawhito. whanau ia ia e rua nga tama. Uitoú i roto i 1533, ia revolutionized mooni te marae, ko Russia i roto i te rau tau 16 mo te wa tuatahi riro te Regent, Heoi kahore he, tino rongonui ki te boyars me te iwi.

Foreign me kāinga Politika Vasiliya III o, i roto i te meka, ko te hokohoko atu tūturu o te mahi o tona papa, i katoa e arotahi ana ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā mana, me te whakapakari i te mana o te hahi.

kaupapa here kāinga

Nāna Vasily III te mana mutunga o te kingi. I roto i te pakanga ki wehewehenga feudal o Rus me ona kaitautoko kaha e koa te tautoko o te hahi. Mai i te hunga i kino, ngāwari i ngä o te tuku ki whakaraua ranei ki mahia whiu. Fully whakakitea āhua mea nanakia, kite noa i roto i tona tamarikitanga. I roto i tona kingitanga, i te hiranga o te boyars i roto i te marae taka nui, engari te hanahana o te piki whenua. A, no te whakatinana, pai ia nga Josephites o kaupapa here hahi.

I roto i te 1497 tangohia Vasily III he Code hou o ture e hāngai ana i runga i te pono Russian, Ture, me te Judicial tūtohinga, whakawa i runga i etahi ngā kāwai o ngā pātai. Ko reira he huinga o ture, a ka hanga ki te systematize ka streamline ngā i te wa o te ture, me te ko te mehua nui ki i te whakakotahitanga o te kaha. kaha tautoko Emperor te hanga, i roto i nga tau o tona tikanga i hanga Anahera Cathedral, Ekalesia o te Maueraa i Kolomna, whakataunga hou, etahi taumaihi me taumaihi. I tua atu, ko ia itoito rite te pai rite tona papa, haere ana ki "kohikohi" nga whenua Russian, Te Hononga-te käwanatanga Pskov, Ryazan.

Te hononga ki a Kazan Khanate raro Basil III

kaupapa here ke a Russia i roto i te rau tau 16, ka atu ïa, i roto i te hawhe tuatahi ko te nuinga he whakaata o te roto. tamata te Emperor ki ngā rite nui rite whenua taea, ki te raro ratou ki te kāwanatanga pokapū e, i roto i te meka, kia i titiro rite te raupatu o whenua hou. Ka mahi ki te Horde Golden, Russia haere tata tonu i runga i te ino i roto i te Khanate, i hanga kia rite ki te hua o tona tiango. Turkey me Krymskoe Hanstvo whakaaturia moni i roto i Kazan, notemea Russia ki te faufaa e tika ana ki te hua o te whenua, me ona wāhi rautaki pai, engari ano hoki i te mea o te riri tamau o ngā marau. I roto i te anaanatae o te mate o Ivan III i 1505 Kazan Khan ohorere timata te whawhai i roa noa 1507, i muri i takoha e rave rahi te parekura Russian ki muri, a ka ki te hanga i te rangimarie. korerotia History ano i roto i te biennium 1522-1523., a ka i roto i 1530-1531 gg. kihai i Kazan Khanate hoatu ake tae noa kihai i haere mai i te torona o Ivan Grozny.

Russian-Lithuanian War

Ko te take matua o te pakanga hōia - te hiahia o te rangatira wikitoria Moscow, me tango i te mana o te whenua Russian katoa, me te te ngana o Lithuania ki te tango utu mo te hinga i roto i te 1500-1503 tau mua, i te utu ia i te mate o 1-3 wahi o rohe katoa .. Russia i roto i te rau tau 16, i muri i te haere mai ki te kaha o Basil III o, i roto i te āhuatanga kaupapa here ke, kaua uaua. Te mauiui hinga i te Kazan Khanate, i takoha ia ki te tu i te Duchy o Lithuania, kua hainatia he kawenata ki te anti-Russian Crimean Khan.

timata te whawhai kia rite ki te hua o te kore ki te whakarite i te'alú o Basil III (te hokinga o whenua) i roto i te raumati o 1507 i muri i te whawhai i runga i te whenua ope Lithuanian Bryansk ko Chernigov me te Upper Oka rangatiratanga - Crimean Tatars. I roto i 1508 Kua timata nga rangatira whiriwhiringa a hainatia he kawenata te rongo i raro i hoki mai te rangatiratanga Lithuanian Lyublich te taiao.

War o 1512-1522 tau. Kua riro te reira i te hokohoko atu arorau o te pakanga o mua ki runga ki te rohe. Ahakoa te rangimarie mutu i waenganui i ngā rōpū i tino kukū, tonu looting, papatu i nga rohe. Ko te take mō te mahi ko te mate o te Tiuka Grand o Lithuania me tuahine o Basil III o Helena. Grand Duchy o Lithuania hainatia te whakaaetanga ki te Crimean Khanate tetahi uniana, i muri i nei ki te tīmatanga mutunga e mahi ana maha marau i roto i te 1512 Russian Prince Sigismund i whakaatu ahau te whawhai, me te hoatu mua ratou ope matua ki Smolensk. tau o muri SB, ki rerekē nekehanga o te angitu ko te raupapa o orihaere. ka mau tetahi o nga whawhai nui wahi e tata ana Orsha Mahuru 8, 1514 i roto i te 1521, ngā taha e rua he atu take kaupapa here ke, a ka takoha ratou ki te hanga mo te 5 tau te rongo. E ai ki te kawenata, Russia i te rau tau 16 riro te whenua Smolensk, engari i pai ki te Vitebsk, Polotsk ko Kiev, me te te hokinga mai o herehere o te whawhai.

Ivan IV (Terrible)

mate Vasily III i te mate, ka ko tana tama matamua tau 3 anake tau. Kite wawe i tona mate tata, me tona pakanga muri mo te torona (i te wa i rua teina teina Anaru me Yuri Staritskogo Dmitrov te kingi), i hanga e ia te "sedmochislennuyu" kōmihana o nga boyars. I ratou ki te whakaora Ivan i te aroaro o te tau 15. I roto i te meka, kua te poari o kaitiaki kua i roto i te mana no te e pā ana ki te tau, a ka timata ki te hinga te wahi motu ke. Russia i roto i te rau tau 16 (1545) riro te rangatira tonu, me te kingi o te tuatahi i roto i tona hītori, i roto i te tangata o Ivan IV, mohiotia ao i raro i te ingoa o Ivan te Terrible. I roto i te whakaahua i runga ake - te whakapakoko anō o te āhua o te angaanga.

E kore e taea e kore ki te whakahua i tona utuafare. Kōrero rerekē i roto i ngā tau, karanga nga ingoa o 6 7 ranei wahine, nei i whakaaro nga wahine o te kingi. ka mate etahi he mate ngaro, etahi i whakahekea ki te ohu whakapono. e toru tamariki a Ivan Grozny. whanau i Senior (Ivan me Fedor) i tana wahine tuatahi, ko te whakaotinga (Dmitriy Uglitsky) i te whakamutunga - M.F.Nagoy, i te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te aamu o te whenua i roto i te wa o whakapawera.

Whakahounga Ivana Groznogo

Ko te kaupapa here ā-a Russia i te rau tau 16 i roto i te kingitanga o Ivan te whakamataku i arotahi tonu i runga i te whakakotahitanga o ngā mana, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te hanga o ngā pūtahi tūmatanui nui. Ki tenei mutunga, i roto i te taha ki te "tīpakohia Rada" Kingi, he raupapa o whakahounga. Ko te nui tino ko te whai.

• Organization o te Zemsky Sobor i 1549 rite te teitei whare hawhekaihe-māngai. I roto i te reira te aroaro nga akomanga katoa anake te koraha.
• tonu Adoption o te Sudebnik hou i roto i 1550, te kaupapa here o te mahi ture o mua, a ka whakaturengia ano mo te wae tāke katoa o ine mo te wa tuatahi.
• Lipstick me te whakahou whenua i roto i nga 50s wawe o te rau tau 16.
• whakahau pūnaha Hanganga i roto i te t. H. Pitihana, Streletskii, tāngia, a na i runga i. D.

kaupapa here ke a Russia i roto i te rangatiratanga i whakawhanakehia Ivana Groznogo i toru ahunga: tonga - te whawhai ki te Crimean Khanate, te rawhiti - te roha o te rohe kāwanatanga me te hauauru - te pakanga mō te whai wāhi ki te Moana Baltic.

i roto i te rawhiti

I muri i te parariraa o te Golden Horde, hanga he riri tonu ki nga whenua Russian te Astrakhan me Kazan Khanate i roto i o ratou ringa i arotahi Täingäwai hokohoko ara. anga Tapeke I. Grozny toru kaupapa ki Kazan, rite ki te hua o te muri, ka tangohia te reira na roto i te tupuhi (1552). i piri Astrakhan 4 tau i muri mai, i roto i te 1557 tūao kua honoa ki te āhua Russian te nuinga o Bashkortostan ko Chuvashia, a ka mohio ratou hononga te Nogai Horde. Ko te kupu mutu te hītori toto. Russia i te mutunga o te rau tau 16 whakatuwheratia tona ara ki Siberia. industrialists taonga nei i riro pukapuka i te kingi ki te ake whenua i runga i r.Tobol, i tona utu tauraoi ake kapa Cossacks free, ahu e Ermak i.

i roto i te uru

I roto i te whakamātau ki te riro te uru ki te Moana Baltic mo te mua 25 tau (1558-1583.) Arahina Ivan IV he huhú Livonian War. tahi Ko tōna timatanga i e angitu mō te pakanga Russian, i tangohia ai e te pa 20, tae atu Narva ko Dorpat, i tata nga hoia te Tallinn me Riga. Ko te Order Livonian i patua, engari kua riro te whawhai he āhua tautohetia ana, ia ratou e whai wāhi ai i roto i te maha whenua Pākehā. I takaro faufaa nui i te uniana o Lithuania ko Poland i roto i te Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ko te āhuatanga ko te wāhi koki i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga, me muri i te topatahi roa i roto i te 1582 i mutu te kāti whawhai mō te 10 tau. tiriti He tau i muri mai i hainatia ai o plussa raro i ngaro Russia Livonia, engari hoki nga pa horo katoa anake Polotsk.

I roto i te tonga

I roto i te tonga, tonu i faaara i hanga i muri i te parariraa o te Golden Horde, Krymskoe Hanstvo. Ko te mahi matua o te kāwanatanga i roto i tenei aronga i ki te whakapakari i te rohe i te marau o Crimean Tatars. Hoki tenei whakaaro, i te mahi hoki te whanaketanga o te parae Wild kua hanga. ka anga ratou ki te puta raina korerotanga tuatahi, ie. E. aho ārai o rakau otaota, i roto i waenganui i nei e tu ana io tao rakau (kaha) i roto i ngā, me te Tula Belgorodskaia.

Fyodor ahau kingi

mate Ivan Grozny March 18, 1584. E huaina nga tūkunga o te mate kingi ki feaa e kōrero ki tenei ra. I muri ia e tana tama Fyodor Ivanovich, te tiki i te reira tika i muri i te matenga o Ivan tana tama matamua. I roto i te mau parau a Ivan te whakamataku, ko ia ake o te moke, me te nohopuku, e tika ana ake mo te mahi hahi atu i ki kingi. Hītori tikanga ahu ki te whakapono i ko ia i roto i te hauora rawakore, me te hinengaro. I roto i te whakahaere tūmatanui, kihai i nui te kingi hou. Ko ia raro i ngā akoranga o te boyars me rangatira mua, a ka tona teina-i roto i te rikarika Boris Godunov. Te rangatiratanga tuatahi, me te tuarua - oma, a mohio reira katoa. Fyodor mate ahau January 7, 1598, ka mahue kahore uri, a ka haukotia e ia te whare Moscow Rurik.

Russia i te tahuri o 16-17 tenetere, ite te raruraru pāpori-ōhanga, me te tōrangapū hohonu, i whai wāhi ki te tipu o te oprichnina Livonian War e tautohetia ana, me te Tatar whakaekenga. enei āhuatanga katoa te mutunga arahina ki te wa o nga matenga, tīmata ki te whawhai mo te torona kau.