Rārangi o ngā toka i roto i te ana'iraa piapa

Toka he kohuke me o ratou pūhui. E kore e taea ki te whakaaro i to tatou paraneta, kahore kohuke mau hanga reira.

pūnaha māka

Tohatoha E wehea he maha nui o ahu momo ki ngā rōpū. Ira taiea:

• parataiao;
• kāhuarau;
• magmatic.

wahi Tata toru tetahi akomanga:

• tokanuku;
• hypabyssal;
• puia.

Ka taea te wehea Subgroups ki:

• kawa;
• reo;
• taketake;
• ultrabasic.

Tata taea ki te whakahiato i te rārangi tino o kamaka, tango ki pūkete momo tīariari katoa i runga i te whenua, na he tokomaha o ratou. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka meinga e matou he whakamātau ki te hanganga i te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te momo tino ngā, me te noa.

toka kāhuarau: rārangi

Ko te hunga i hanga i raro i te mana o te kirinuku o te whenua angamaheni o tukanga endogenous. Mai puta faafariuraa ka i roto i te wāhanga totoka, he ngā unnoticeable matū ratou. I roto i te whakawhiti, te huri i te hanganga, te kakano, hanganga o te toka taketake. Kua puta taua huringa, e hiahia ana koe he huinga pai o:

• whakawera;
• pēhanga;
• hau pānga, rongoā.

kāhuarautanga He:

• rohe;
• Te whakapā;
• parawhenuatia;
• pneumatolytic;
• kāhuarautanga.

Ko te rārangi o te kamaka pūrārangi mō tenei rōpū o ngā kohuke te whai.

amphibolites

Ēnei kohuke e hanga e e hornblende me plagioclase. whakarōpūtia te rīpene tuatahi te rite magnesium. amphibolites ngā - he tokauku huānga o ngā tae i matomato pouri ki mangu ranei. Tei tae i runga i te nui o nga wae pouri-tae e kitea i roto i te hanganga o te kohuke. kohuke Tuarua o tenei rōpū:

• pohū;
• magnetite;
• Titanium;
• zoisite.

kāhuarau kanapa

I roto i tona hanganga, KĀHUARAU ofa'i rawa tata. E ngā wehewehe enei kohuke e rua e kore i ia atu ko nga wa katoa taea, rite ofa'i me te kāhuarau kanapa kape haere mai ki a ia i roto i tawhā tinana. Ko te utu ko te kāhuarau kanapa tino raro.

E whānui wātea Gneisses, na te tono i roto i te hanga. He rerekē, me te rerehua kohuke. he nui kiato, kia taea te whakamahi i te kohatu rite töpü raima. A, no te mea kua nui haere te porosity iti, me te iti te kāhuarau kanapa absorption wai ātete ki mīti. Mai te mea iti ano hoki te horo, whakaaetia te whakamahi o ngā kohuke te rite te anga.

shales

Te hanga i te rārangi o te kamaka, i roto i te tino kāhuarau ki te whakahua i te schists. Tohatoha taua momo, pērā i:

• paru;
• karaihe;
• talc;
• chlorite.

Nā ki te hanganga rerekē me te rerehua o te kohatu, i roto i nga tau tata nei, kua meinga te ūkui i te rauemi whakapaipai mahuinga whakamahia i roto i te hanga.

Shales - he rōpū kaua nui, e hanga ake nga kamaka. Rārangi o ngā ingoa momo e kaha e whakamahia e te taata no te mau opuaraa rerekē (te nuinga i roto i te hanga, hanga, hangaia anō):

• keho;
• zlatalit;
• serpantinitovy;
• kāhuarau kanapa;
• phyllitic me i warua.

quartzite

Kei te mohiotia te pai tenei kohatu mo tona kaha, mai i hanga kiripaka te ki te tua o poke. I hanga quartzite hōanga, ka whakakapia te āhuatanga tuatahi o te kiripaka kohuke i roto i kāhuarautanga rohe.

I roto i te natura, i kitea quartzite he hanganga mārō. poke toutou:

• hematite;
• ofa'i;
• silicon;
• magnetite;
• Mika.

E kitea ana te putunga koloaia i roto i:

• US;
• India;
• Russia;
• Canada.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te kohuke:

• ātete ki te huka, haumākū, pāmahana;
• kaha;
• haumaru, fakakaume'a taiao;
• mauroa;
• ātete ki kawakore, waikawa.

Philly

E kore e iti rawa i roto i te rārangi o te kamaka no phyllites. noho ratou i te tūranga takawaenga i waenganui i te uku me te Mika schists. He mātotoru, me te pai-baked te rauemi. I roto i tenei take, kohatu mārama tioata, kua āhuatanga ratou e te schistosity korerotia.

Phyllites i te takatu ai silky. Ko te kaupapa tae - mangu, atarangi o hina. I wahia e kohuke ki papa kikokore. Hei wāhanga o phyllites te tuku:

• Mika;
• sericite.

Kia hei tioata witi:

• albite;
• andalusite;
• pamekaranete;
• kiripaka.

putunga taonga o te phyllite i France, Ingarangi me te United States.

toka parataiao: rārangi

Kei kohuke o tenei rōpū te nuinga i runga i te mata. Me tutaki hoki te hanganga o nga tikanga e whai ake nei:

• iti pāmahana;
• ua.

E toru momoroto ira:

• māhurehure e tohu kohatu matotoru i hanga toka whati;
• paru, te takenga e pā nei te ki te huringa o ngā rōpū kohuke "magnesium" me "aluminosilicate";
• biohemo-, chemo-, organogenic. E hanga e tukanga waipara pērā ki rongoā e tika ana. Kei te tango hoki tenei i te tuhaa itoito kaiao mōkitokito e kore anake, matū organic. Ko te wāhi nui o ngā hua ururua.

Mai i te tuku chemogenic:

• halides;
• pūkawa.

Rārangi o ngā toka i roto i tenei Huingaiti:

• gypsum;
• anhydrite;
• sylvinite;
• toka tote;
• carnallite.

Ko te toka parataiao tino nui:

• Dolomite, mātotoru pākeho-rite.
• Pākeho arā, o konurehu pākawa waro ki te hawhekaihe o te taua maha o inclusions me te konupora. Tawhā o ngā kohuke, whakaritea e te hanganga me te hanganga, me te kohuke kakano. He āhuatanga matua - nui haere auau o te kaha shock.
• Hōanga i hanga purapura kohuke tuati-matū o te take mai tūturu. Tei kohatu te mauroa i runga i admixtures me i te mea taonga ka reira kōpaki.

toka puia

Kia tino ki toka puia i ki kia whakahuatia. Ko te rārangi o taua hua, tae atu ki konei i te kohuke i hanga i roto i ngā hū. I roto i tenei tuku:

• effusive;
• māhurehure;
• puia.

Ko te kāwai tuatahi, ano hoki e mohiotia ana ko te toka puia, ngā:

• kōkawa;
• ōnewa;
• diabase;
• liparite;
• pukorokoro.

Na roto i te pyroclastic, e he detrital, te ana'iraa:

• breccia;
• tuffs.

Tata te pūrārangi tonu o ngā momo toka puia:

• anorthosite;
• ofa'i;
• gabbro;
• diorite;
• dunite;
• Komati;
• latites;
• monzonite;
• tūhua;
• pegmatite;
• peridotite;
• Onemata;
• pungapunga;
• rhyolite;
• syenite;
• tonalite;
• petrosilex;
• para.

toka organic

Mai i nga toenga o nga mea ora e hanga e e toka organic, te rārangi o te mea tika tīmata ki te rauemi tino nui - taioma. no enei toka ki te kua kōrerotia i runga ake rōpū parataiao me he nui i roto i ngā o te faaohiparaa i ki te whakaoti ngā mahi tangata e kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te rauemi whaipara taonga.

Ko te momo iti tino nui o tenei momo o te kamaka - kotakota. Ko reira whānui mōhiotia me mātātoa whakamahia i roto i te ora ia rā: te mea i tuhituhia i runga i nga papa i roto i ngā kura.

i hanga Mel konupāhiko, i i ngā mua o anga noho i roto i te ngä pükohu moana tahito coccolithophorids. ko nga kaiao mōkitokito nui i roto i noho i to tatou ao te rau miriona tau ki mua enei. I taua wa, ka taea e te pükohu kauhoe noa puta noa i te rohe nui o te moana mahana. Mate, kaiao mōkitokito hinga ki te raro, hanga he apa mātotoru. He taonga i roto i te putunga o parataiao ētahi wāhi, i reira he rau o mita i roto i te matotoru me te ake. Ko nga maunga taioma te pai mōhiotia:

• Täingäwai;
• French;
• Ingarihi.

Ma te haapii i te toka Cretaceous, kua kitea kaipūtaiao tohu o ratou:

• kina te moana;
• mātaitai;
• kāri.

Ka rite ki te tikanga, enei inclusions - ko noa he ōrau torutoru o te katoa tūhuratia taioma, kia e kore taua wāhanga e pā te tawhā o te momo. I muri ako i te putunga Cretaceous, te kaitātai whiwhi pārongo e pā ana ki:

• tau momo;
• te tīwae wai i i reira i mua;
• āhuatanga motuhake e vai i mua i roto i te rohe ako.

toka ngiha

I raro i magmatism kei te matau rite te fakakātoa 'o' tītohu meinga e te tokarewa me ona mahi. Tokarewa - he rewanga magnesium, fakanatula hakari i te puka wai, tata ki te ahi. Hei wāhanga o te tokarewa i reira ko te ōrau nui o ngā huānga te ahua. I roto i ētahi wā, i reira he momo:

• magnesium-kore;
• nizkosilikatnye.

A, no te mātao te tokarewa me crystallizes, i reira he toka ngiha. ka karanga hoki ratou ngiha.

Tohatoha momo:

• urutomo;
• effezivnye.

i hanga Tuatahi i hohonu nui, me te tuarua - i roto i te hū o, arā tika i te mata o te ao.

E mea pinepine rite te wahi o te tokarewa kua he momo o toka, rewa me whakauru ki te papatipu magnesium. Tenei whakapataritari:

• te whakatairanga i te pāmahana i roto i te whenua, ko te nui;
• pēhanga mäminga;
• huinga o ngā āhuatanga.

Ko te putanga matarohia o toka magmatic - ofa'i. Kua tona ingoa rawa i roto i Latin - "ahi" tohu i tino wera taua momo i roto i tona āhua taketake. Ofa'i te tino maioha kore anake e ona tawhā hangarau (he roa mīharo tenei rauemi), engari ano hoki i te mea o te ataahua, e tika ana ki inclusions tioata.