Rāhui steppe Russian: rārangi

I roto i te ao hou, pinepine wareware tatou e pā ana ki te āhua a tawhio noa, titiro atu me te ake o reira i tenei tau. Whakatipu pa, kua hanga huarahi hou, displacing to tatou oraraa whenua tūturu, me te ataahua. Ko te tūranga o te tiaki o otaota tūturu me kararehe kua whakahaeretia rohe motuhake - rāhui. I roto i to tatou whenua, hanga matou nui atu i te kotahi rau ngā wāhi e tiakina, rāhui āhua me te ratere Russia noho te wahi nui i roto i tenei pūnaha.

He aha te mea he rahui?

Rahui riro tetahi he wahi tata (ranei te wai), i roto i nei te rongoa matatini tūturu katoa i roto i te puka oti, me te taiao.

Tuatapapa whakapono e kua te ngana tuatahi o te tiaki i te taiao, kua hoki i roto i te III rau BC, i roto i Sri Lanka. Ko reira e i whakaputaina te tino tuatahi i roto i te ao o te ture i runga i te tiaki o te kararehe. Ko te wāhi tuatahi ki tūnga tiaki puta i roto i te rau tau XIII i Ifriqiya, ka te whare Hafsid kanga i runga i te hopu i roto i te takiwā o tetahi o nga roto.

Mai i te tirohanga o te ture Russian nāianei, āhua Russian rāhui taiao - he pūtahi pūtaiao motuhake whakapumautia ki tiaki me te ako i te tukanga māori, me ngā pūnaha kaiao.

Whāinga me Whāinga

whakaturia Russian rāhui āhua katoa tiakina ratou te taua whāinga:

1. Preservation o te puna ira o otaota me ngaa kararehe.
2. Ko te tiaki o te taiao rauwiringa tapatahi.
3. Te whakaū i te kanorau o te tipu, me te kararehe hapori.
4. Whakatinanatanga o te rangahau i roto i te vivo.

pāka katoa motu i roto i Russia, a ehara i roto i Russia anake, i hanga i runga i te parau tumu taua. I roto i to ratou hanganga e taea te wehea ki toru rohe matua:

• Tiakina te matua;
• moka (SF) rohe;
• rohe tiakina (te whakawhiti i waenganui i te whenua rāhui tūturu me ngā wāhi wateatanga tata).

Na i te hanganga i taua rahui nui o Russia me iti. He āhuatanga o ngā hanganga o te paetukutuku rerekē, me te rahi ēnei wāhi e toru.

Ko te hītori o rāhui āhua Russian

Tata ki te katoa rahui Russian, e ko te ingoa e kitea e koe i roto i tenei tuhinga, tetahi ara ranei tetahi, i te hītori roa o tona takenga.

Ko te rohe taua tuatahi i roto i Russia i hanga i roto i 1917. Te reira i rāhui Barguzinsky i Buryatia. I muri anake te whakakiia te rārangi o ngā wāhi e tiakina te whenua o. taea hoki te pēnei taua rāhui nui o Russia rite Astrakhan, te Caucasus ko Ilmensky ki te matamua. puta katoa o ratou i roto i nga tau 20 o te rau tau rua tekau. Ko te whakaotinga taea te whakaaro rāhui "Utrish", i mea i hanga i roto i te 2010. I tua atu, i roto i te wā ki runga ki te 2020 te whakaritea reira ki te hanga i te atu 11 ngā wāhi e tiakina hou i roto i Russia.

Rahui o Russia: rārangi o rāhui steppe

Ka rite ki o 2014 i roto i te Russian Federation i reira e 103 rāhui āhua. noho ratou katoa he wāhi katoa o te 340,000 kiromita tapawha. Ko te wāhi nui e taea te whakaritea ki te rohe o nga āhua Pākehā, pērā i Finland tenei.

O tenei tau, e taea te pēnei 11 āhua rāhui ki te koraha. whakarārangi matou enei rahui o Russia. Rārangi o rēhitatia i raro:

• Astrakhan,
• "Belogorye"
• Voroninsky,
• Voronezh,
• White-naped,
• Te Tai Rāwhiti-Ural,
• "Galichya Mountain"
• Orenburg,
• Rostov,
• "Steppe Täingäwai"
• "Earth Black".

rahui Russian katoa, kua whakarārangitia te ingoa o nei, whakaritea ki te Tāhuhu o te Rauemi Natural me te Taiao. E rua o ratou - te Te Tai Rāwhiti-Urals me "E ko Mountain" - raro ki ētahi atu pokapū.

Ko te āhuatanga o te koraha Russian

steppe Russian - he reira ahurei, me te ahurei āhuatanga māori. rāhui steppe Russian, me o ratou pātītī mohoao me whiwhi tarutaru huruhuru hiriwa, rite huruhuru o te hoiho.

Te mea faahiahia, te whakaaro o te hanga taua wāhi tiakina ahu mai te reira i roto i te koraha. korero tino pūtaiao oneone, me te agronomist Vasily Dokuchaev e pā ana ki tenei hiahia he rau tau ki muri. Otiia, e kore kua kore rahui vai i roto i Russia i te rohe steppe o runga ki te 90-doma. Ko te tuatahi te rāhui steppe Orenburg, i whakaritea i runga i te kaupapa o Alexander Alexandrovich Chibilova i 1989.

Koraha rāhui "Orenburg"

Puta i roto i te Mei 1989, i tenei ra kapi ana ia he wāhi o runga i 21 mano heketea.

Koraha rāhui "Orenburgsky" ngā wha ngā wāhi motuhake:

• Talovskaya steppe
• Burtinskaya steppe
• Aytuarskaya steppe
• steppe Aschisayskaya (te wāhi whenua nui o 7.200 heketea).

I roto i tenei rohe e taea kite koe i kore anake te koraha toe. He hoki maha urupa whaipara VII-III rautau BC. puke ana tēnei ahurea Sarmatian.

Ko te āhuarangi - maroke, me te continental. Ko 2.5 nekehanga centigrade pāmahana ā-tau Toharite, a ko negligibly iti te ua ā-tau toharite - i 250 ki te 350 mm. Na roto i te tohu o mākū, i te rohe e taea te pēnei humarie ki te āhua-koraha.

O he kanorau te otaota rāhui: i reira e 14 ngā momo o te harore, 150 ngā momo o te pukoko, 8 momo o pūkohu me 1,350 momo o tipu iaia. No iti taonga me ngā kararehe o te rohe: 48 ngā momo o kararehe, 193 ngā momo o manu, 6 momo o ika, 526 ngā momo o ngā pītara me 184 momo o pūngāwerewere. nohoia te rohe kei te steppe te nuinga tarutaru-kohuatia, i runga i nga titahatanga o nga maunga i hanga ano hoki steppe kohatu, me te i runga i te oneone saline - complexes koraha me te hapori.

I roto i te rāhui i reira e pā ana ki e rua ngā tipu tatini tabulahia i roto i te pukapuka Whero o Russia. He maha kararehe rāhui Russian "Orenburg" Ko ano te pukapuka Whero. I roto ia ratou pi steppe, curlew kohatu manu, Balaban, ekara koura, steppe ekara, bustard me te kohure a ko Pākehā Beaver.

"Belogorye"

rāhui steppe Russian - ko reira he taonga tūturu o to tatou whenua. Ko tētahi Ko te rāhui natula "Belogorye" i roto i te rohe Belgorod, e rā hoki ki te 1924. Katahi ka karangatia e ia te "ngahere o te awa Vorskla," me te i roto i te 1999 i whakarite anōtia e ki te tiaki hou o te rohe i raro i tona ingoa reira.

Tenei wāhi tiakina Ko te whakaurunga mātauranga pūtaiao, me te taiao o te hiranga e hānga ana. Ko tōna whakaaro - ki te tiaki me te ako taipitopito o ngā tukanga māori, me tītohunga i roto i te rohe ngahere-steppe, me te te tiaki o ngā momo takitahi me ngā hapori o otaota, kararehe me rauropi ahurei i roto i te tonga o te Central Russian Upland.

Ko te rohe o te rahui natura "Belogorye" ngā rima ngā wāhanga motuhake, e kua kei roto i toru rohe o te rohe. whakaaro te reira:

• Forest i runga i te Vorskla,
• taiepa Izgorya,
• Pakira Hills,
• Yamskaya koraha,
• awaawa Ostrasevy.

Ko te rohe katoa o "Belogoriya" Ko 2131 heketea.

I roto i te rāhui, pūtaiao He 149 rerekē momo o manu, me te pā ana ki 370 ngā momo o te tipu iaia. māngai Fauna e 50 momo o kararehe, 15 ngā momo o ika, momo o ngokingoki, 6 me te 9 momo o te kararehe wai.

Rahui "Voroninsky"

rata ana rahui nui Russia maha nui o tūruhi me Naturalists. Kotahi rahui taua Voroninsky kei roto i te rohe ngahere Tambov rohe. I hanga te reira i roto i 1994 ki te tiaki i te pūnaha ngahere steppe o Central Russia. Ko te rohe katoa - neke atu i te 10,000 heketea, kei te rahui āhua kei roto i 40 kiromita o Crow Valley awa.

Hanganga rāhui Voroninsky ngā rua tautau nui - ngahere "Inzhavinskaya" me "Kirsanovsky" me tekau atu wāhi mapi iti.

Ko te whakaaro o te hanga tenei rohe tiaki wahi puritia e tētahi atu VP Semenov Tian-Shanskii mohiotia geography Russian. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, tapaea e ia ki te whakarite i konei te pera-ka karanga "uromny Park" (uremia - he ngahere waipuke-mania motuhake). Ko te reira i te ako me te whakahokinga mai o tenei ngahere ko te mahi matua o te rāhui hou.

Heoi, ka anga te mahi mahi tūturu i runga i te whanaketanga o te rāhui ariā anake i roto i te mutunga o 80-doma o XX rautau. He whai nui ki te whakahaere o te rahui i Voroninsky tohunga rohe Museum me Tambov ngä Institute.

Ki te rā, kua whakawhanakehia te rāhui e toru ara tāpoi: ". Ara Parengia" "Inzhavino-Barska Mountain", "Parengia Lake" me

Ko tētahi o nga wae pai rāhui Voroninsky ko te pera-ka karanga Pakira Mountain - kahore rite te karahiwi o te Uplands Täingäwai. Gore kua he teitei whanaunga o e pā ana ki 50 mita. A taupokina ara i tenei ra te maunga e ki māra ngahere horihori, i mua ko tino ia "pakira", a na reira i mau tona ingoa. E te ara, e tenei maunga ko te tohu o te kainga Inzhavino.

Tētahi wāhi o te rāhui - he Ahera wirou ahurei tata te kainga Semenovka. Tona tau - neke atu i te 150 tau. Heoi, e kore anake tenei Ahera whiro rongonui, no te mea i whakatakotoria ai kotahi te toi rongonui Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. Na inaianei kei te rongoa te pikitia i te Museum o London. Kia aroha mai, i tenei ra anake toenga o tenei Willow Grove - i ngaro maha rakau i roto i te whawhai, a ka rite ki te hua o te mahi whakarihariha i roto i te 90.

"Rostov"

Te haruraa i a faahiahia me ona rāhui ataahua steppe o Russia! I roto i te 1995, i whakapumautia i roto i te rohe Rostov o Rostov Rahui, ahakoa nga preconditions mo tona whakahaere i roto i te rau tau mutunga o XIX. Ko te whakaaro ki te waihanga ki konei he rahui steppe ka pūtaiao whakahuatia Vasily Dokuchaev, e pau i te rota o te wā me te kaha ki te ako i te whenua steppe rohe.

Rostov Rahui he mana e hānga ana, me ona whakahaere ake. Kei roto te reira i wha ngā wāhi motuhake, i te rohe katoa o neke atu i te 9 heketea.

I roto i te rāhui, kiia pūtaiao 410 momo o tipu iaia - te nuinga pata, ngā rekiumu, Asteraceae me rōkara. Here taea kitea e koe 4 momo o pī, e rave rahi momo o huruhuru tarutaru, kamera tataramoa. Tupu i roto i te rāhui, me te momo i tabulahia i roto i te pukapuka Whero: te tulip Schrenk, iris papaka, huruhuru tarutaru me ētahi atu momo.

"Earth Black"

patua te rāhui nui Russia me tona tauine, me te whenua unspoilt o whenua wahine. Ko tētahi o te nui rawa i roto i te whenua ko te Rahui Kōhaumataora ki te ingoa rerekē "Black Earth", i roto i nei e penapena nga wāhi ahurei o te koraha Kalmyk.

whakapumautia te rāhui i roto i Pipiri 1990. Ko te mahi matua - ki te whakaora i te koraha, me te āhua-koraha whenua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tiaki o te taupori saiga. Ko te rohe katoa o te rohe tiakina - neke atu i te 120 mano heketea. Ko reira taa'eraa e i roto i 1993 riro te "Whenua Black" te mana o te whenua rāhui ao koiora e UNESCO.

kanohi tipu o te rāhui e rite te koraha, me te koraha momo o tipu. Ko te kupu, i roto i ngā wāhi one taea te whakatau i te tataramoa kamera, tarutaru Lyme, onepu tafu. I roto i te motu o te moana Manichev-Gudilo i steppes ki huruhuru Lessing. Tupu i konei me ngā momo onge o te tipu: cornflower Taliev me tulip Schrenk.

Ko te ao kararehe Kei te hoki kanohi e steppe me āhua-koraha momo. Here nga anaterope mua, nui-i ngakia matuku, kopera iti, jerboa. Kitea i roto i te "whenua mangu" bandaging me polecat kanapa. I roto i nga tau tata nei, te whakanui ake i te taupori wuruhi i roto i te rāhui.

Nest i runga i te rahui i te maha nui o Waterfowl. Tenei wahangu wani, kuihi, perikana Dalmatian, pārera mohoao, pārera hina, pochard me etahi atu. Parengia konei me steppe angamaheni momo o manu: bustard, pīoioi, iti bustard, steppe ekara, me te ahipare.

"Steppe Täingäwai"

"Steppe Täingäwai" - he rahui āhua i roto i te rohe Penza, e ngā 5 ngā wāhi motuhake:

• Poperechenskaya steppe
• Ostrovtsovskaya steppe
• Kuncherovskaya steppe
• Pine Forest i runga i Kadadah,
• rohe ngahere Verhnesursky.

Kei roto i te rohe steppe o te Middle Täingäwai. whakapumautia te rāhui i roto i 1989 ki te tiaki i nga steppes raki me ngahere. hipokina te reira i teie mahana i te wāhi o 8326 heketea. "Täingäwai koraha" - he kore noa he wāhi āhua tiaki. Kei te hoki pai te mahi te rāhui i roto i pūtaiao, te rangahau, mātauranga me te mahi hākinakina. Heoi, ko te whāinga matua o "te koraha Täingäwai" Ko te tiaki o otaota me ngaa kararehe, me te rite o ratou māngai takitahi me rauwiringa katoa.

I roto i "te Täingäwai koraha" E pā ana ki 860 ngā momo o ngā tipu iaia ki te rā (tenei, i te ara, 55% o te hanganga momo o te otaota rohe Penza). O enei, e 70 ngā momo i roto i te hiahia o te tiaki motuhake, a tae noa iwa momo whakarārangitia i roto i te pukapuka Whero o Russia. Tenei momo wha o Stipa (huruhuru tarutaru, ataahua, opushennolistny me te huruhuru Zaleski), Fritillaria Russian, iris leafless, Cephalanthera rubra, epipogium leafless me cucullata neottianta. 58 momo o tipu o te rāhui e ngā ano i roto i te pukapuka Whero o te parae.

He ahanoa ngā ko te rāhui rimu ngahere i runga i Kadadah, ranei pera-ka karanga "Borok", e tata ana te kainga o Shatkino. rohe Tā o ngahere rimu i runga i nga pareparenga o te awa Kadadah - tata 400 heketea. Pūtiwha Ko te matatini o māra paina tāwhaiwhai me ngahere oki. noho te nuinga o te rohe kei te e te ahanoa me alder repo.

E whakaahua ana tēnei tuhinga i te rāhui Russian tino rongonui. taea hoki te kitea Photos o enei wahi nehenehe o to tatou whenua i konei. I roto i to tatou whenua, hanga matou nui atu i te kotahi rau ngā wāhi e tiakina, e whai ana ki te tiaki i te taiao e karapoti ana, te tiaki o whenua māori, toe fakafoki me te tiaki o etahi kararehe me te tipu momo. I tua atu, tiaki wāhi me te kawe i roto i atu mahi mātauranga, me te mātauranga mā te whakatō iwi i roto i Russia aroha mo te natura. Te nuinga o nga rahui hoki he pūmanawa nui hākinakina me te tūruhi, me etahi o ratou tae noa tamata ki te whakatinana i te reira na roto i te whakawhanake ara tūruhi motuhake me ara kaiao.