Pūtukatuka Russian. Pūtukatuka production Russian

Kua tīmata nga ngā o te Russian Federation ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake microprocessors, e kua whakaaro rawa whakataetae i roto i te pā ana ki ngā hua o ārahi rama. He kua rite hanga tauira, te whakarite hoki production ahumahi, me ngā whanaketanga kua whakamaheretia. He aha Russian pūtukatuka - nāianei heke mai ranei - tika tokanga makehe?

Ko te ngā Russian matua o pūtukatuka

Kei te kaha whakawhanake Russian IT-ahumahi. I roto i te tino hangarau matatau o ona wāhanga - ko te whanaketanga o te microprocessor, hangaia hoki te whakamahi i roto i PC me tūmau e e te nuinga o pēnei ki te IBM-hoahoanga. Kei te nuinga tenei mākete inaianei e rua rama ao - Intel me AMD. whanaketanga whakataetae i roto i te ao, he ruarua rawa ratou. Ko tetahi o enei e taea te tapaea e Engineers Russian.

I roto i nga maramara whaihua i Russia, ko wai kia meinga whakataetae Intel ko AMD, rite pūtukatuka riro "Baikal". Kei te riro te reira e ka te maramara e tāuta i runga i rorohiko e kua whakahau pokapū kāwanatanga. Te nuinga pea, he kaihoko microprocessor pai-mohiotia nei i hanga te mahi, me te teuteu ki he hanga papatipu o tauira maramara - he kamupene MCST. hua te reira i tītipi i raro i te waitohu o "Elbrus" i roto i te whānuitanga o akatuke'anga ngā.

Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou ki ta āhuatanga e āhuatanga e wā-roa me te pūtukatuka kaha i roto i Russia.

Ko te pūtukatuka mo te heke mai: "Baikal"

I roto i te Pipiri 2014, pāpāho Russian horapa te rongo: te Tāhuhu o Trade, a whakatinana Ahumahi te tikanga mo te whanaketanga o microprocessors, i mahara nei ki te muri kia tāuta i runga i te PC hokona mo nga hiahia kāwanatanga. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te tītipi i raro i te ingoa waitohu "Baikal". He aha fakaofo meka āhuatanga o tenei maramara? timata Pūtukatuka "Baikal" ki te whakawhanake i te kamupene 'Baikal Electronics ". kaupapa pūtea o te Center "T-Nano", i hanga te kaporeihana "T-Pūhara", me te whai wāhitanga o "Rosnano". I roto i te mahi i runga i te pūtukatuka pukumahi rite taputapu-United Corporation. Kei te mohiotia te reira e kia whai wāhi ai te kaupapa rama pērā i Depo Computers, «Aquarius" ko Kraftway.

Kei te riro te reira e ka te pūtukatuka "Baikal" kia hanga i roto i te maha o putanga. Ka te tuatahi, kia rite ki te tahi mau raraunga, te maramara 8-matua Baikal M, a M / S mō PC me tūmau. Ka whakaputaina ratou i runga i te 28 hangarau nm, me te matua te uho A57, mahi i runga i te pūtake moka-64. ka hei mahi "Baikal" pūtukatuka a tawhio noa 2 GHz. E tika ana e ka kia hototahi ki Linux te maramara. I muri ano ka tukua reira 16-matua kongakonga. E hanga e ratou i te 16 hangarau nm. He pūrongo e ka te pūtukatuka Russian "Baikal" i roto i te utunga tuatahi kia hanga e TSMC o Taiwan.

Waitohu "Elbrus": Facts Key

Ētahi pai-mohiotia e rua i roto i Russia, a ki waho microprocessor waitohu - "Elbrus". Maramara i raro i tenei tohu kua oti puta i roto i te maha o ngā momo. He he he pūtukatuka rua-matua "Elbrus". He maramara ki 4 ranei ara 8 otaota.

He he taunakitanga e i roto i te heke mai tata ka kia whakaurua PC ki te mākete e hāngai ana i runga i enei pūtukatuka. tītipi Na hāngai "Elbrus" hanga e te rorohiko whakahaere tauira te momo o akatuke'anga - pukatuhi, monamona, papamahi, tūmau. tūmanakohia nga kiritaki matua o te PC i ai e te pūtukatuka Russian kia tāuta, hangaia e MCST te ki hei hanganga ārai. Ano, i reira he tumanako hoki tono i pakihi nui. Maramara "Elbrus" taea rere i raro i te pūnaha mahi matua mō te PC IBM-hoahoanga - Windows, Linux.

Kia whakaaro tatou, kia rite ki pūtukatuka "Elbrus" hanga.

Pūtukatuka "Elbrus": hītori

Ko te rorohiko tuatahi, e haamata ki te hītori o te waitohu, i hanga e te aivanaa Soviet i roto i te 70. riro ratou i te matatini rorohiko "Elbrus-1". I hāngai te reira i runga i te momo o te tītipi TTL me roto i te hanganga o pūtukatuka 10 te katoa te kaha o e pā ana ki te 15 megaflops. Ki etahi whānuitanga ko te mīhini ahurei tenei: i roto i ngā, i whakatinana te parau tumu o te mahi whakarara o whakahau kua i roto i reira. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, kua whakawhanakehia te ao kihai i reira he rorohiko taua. RAM rōrahi "Elbrus-1" ko 64 MB - neke atu i te pai.

Hoki te ahurei rorohiko Soviet tīmata ki te whakawhanake i ona ake pūnaha whakahaere me te reo hōtaka takitahi. I te tau 1985, i reira ko he matatini "Elbrus-2" Ko te tauira pai ake o te motokā tuatahi. ka whakanuia e ia e te wae turanga whakahoutia i runga i te tītipi pērā i ECL. He neke atu i te 125 megaflops pūnaha pūtukatuka rorohiko mahi whānui. I whakatinana te hoahoanga o te parau tumu kōwae rorohiko. Matatini "Elbrus-2" āhuatanga e te taumata tiketike o te mahi me te pūmautanga o te mahi. Kei te mohiotia te reira i whakamahia ai i ngā utanga hōia. hua Tapeke ahumahi Soviet 30 complexes "Elbrus-2".

hangaia tauira "Elbrus-3" rorohiko i roto i 1990. Otiia i taua wa, e tika ana ki te āhuatanga tōrangapū uaua i roto i te whenua, i mutu pūtea mo te kaupapa. Heoi, kua i roto i te 1992, i whakapumautia ai LLP "Moscow te Center SPARC-hangarau", hohoro whakaingoatia te kamupene MCST. timata te kamupene ki te whakaputa i ngā pūnaha ahumahi, i hāngai nei i runga i te hangarau SPARC ka rongonui hanga e Sun Microsystems.

Rongoā e hāngai ana i runga i SPARC

Mahi ki rongoā e hāngai ana i runga i SPARC, kua whakawhanakehia MCST kamupene ona hua ake i roto i te puka o te microprocessor. I roto i te putanga mua o tona hoahoanga i mohiotia ai E2k. Ko te tauira tuatahi o te pūtukatuka i runga i taua mea, ka karanga R150, i tukua i roto i te tau 2001. fokotu'u hangarau Tukanga te whakamahi o 350 hangarau nm. mahi ahau i te pūtukatuka Russian i te auau o 150 MHz i te putanga o te tikanga o 150 megaflops.

I 2004, i reira ko maramara noa ake kaha - R500. Ko tōna auau karaka i 500 MHz. hua ia hei wāhanga o te paerewa tiketike-tech - 130 nm. I roto i te 2007, kua tukua te kamupene he pūtukatuka rua-matua MCST R500S, karapoti a te whanaketanga i roto i te mara o te hangarau SPARC. Ko tōna mahi i 1 GFLOPS.

Tukutahi ki te whanaketanga o te tītipi i runga i te kamupene SPARC MCST rave i roto i te hanga o te pūtukatuka, kua hāngai te reira katoa i runga i ona ake Engineers whanaketanga. Na, i te 2007, i hanga ai, me ngā whakamātautau kāwanatanga haere pūtukatuka Russian "Elbrus". I whakaputaina te reira i roto i runga i te paerewa 130 nm ka whakahaeretia i te auau o 300 MHz. rite rawa te pūtukatuka i ki te matua kotahi, me te whakahaere i te tere o 4.8 gigaflops. Tenei maramara, me te whanaketanga i runga i a ia, tohua te timatanga o te whānau katoa o te tītipi, tupu ake i roto i te tech, rongoā tiketike-mahi. Kia titiro tatou ki a ratou.

"Elbrus-S»

Ko te maramara rangatū tuatahi i MCST - he pūtukatuka "Elbrus-S», i puta i roto i te tau 2010. I whakaputaina te reira i rite ki te kara o 90 nm. Ka taea e tēnei maramara mahi i te auau o 500 MHz me te whakarite mahi o te tikanga o te 8 GFLOPS.

Kia kï hoki, e reira i taea e te mahi rite whakaatu AMD Athlon mahi 64 maramara i te auau o 2.2 GHz.

"Elbrus-2s +"

I roto i te 2011 ka puta i te reira i te whakarerekētanga e whai ake nei o te pūtukatuka - he maramara "Elbrus-2 s +". I whakaputaina te reira i roto i runga i te hoahoanga o 90 nm, engari ko tona mahi nui teitei - 28 gigaflops. Kia kï hoki, e taea e tohu rite tae maramara pērā i Intel Core 2 Duo, a Intel Core i3. He he taunakitanga e kua taua te ahunga whakamua kua tutuki whakawhetai ki te ngā i haere tahi te matua pūtukatuka 4 maramara atu. te mauria ana tēnei wāhanga i roto i tukatuka tohu mamati. Heoi, he pūtukatuka momo hāngai tāmau rite kiia Engineers MCST, āhuatanga i roto i te tukanga tuku rauemi tiketike rawa. Na reira, i roto i nga tauira e whai ake nei o "Elbrus" i whakakapi i te rongoā kē.

"Elbrus-4C"

I roto i te 2014 tīmata ia te hanga rangatū o te faahiahia microprocessor muri - ". Elbrus-4C" hanga ana tēnei kongakonga e o 65 hangarau nm. Ko tōna matua (o ratou, aua, 4) mahi i te auau o 800 MHz. rite rawa ia o ratou te ki te 2 MP o mahara keteroki. Ko taea ki te whakatutuki mahi tukatuka o 50 gigaflops. Ko tata tenei te taua rite, mo te tauira, te Intel Core i7-975 maramara - 53 gigaflops. Ko te mana o te maramara Russian - 45 Watts. I roto i tenei āhuatanga o te kai tōtika "Elbrus-4C" pūtukatuka, rite whakapono maha tohunga, atu economical atu i te whanaketanga American.

Tipi ki 4 otaota i te MCST - tetahi o te pūkenga tino. PC, rorohiko, tūmau, tutaki monamona - Types o rorohiko i roto i e taea te whakaturia te PTM. Mau, i roto i te rārangi o ngā pūnaha rorohiko, ano e hanga te kamupene MCST, i reira he mihini i roto i te whirihoranga katoa tīpakohia.

"Elbrus-8c"

Ko te pūtukatuka hōu i MCST - e 8 otaota "Elbrus-8c". E hāngai ana te maramara kei te i runga i te 28 nm paerewa, e mau mai nei te reira ki hoahoa microprocessor ārahi o te ao. Ko te maharatanga ki keteroki o te taumata tuarua i runga i nga otaota maramara "Elbrus-8c" - 4 MB, te tuatoru - 16 MB. Ka taea e te pūtukatuka mahi ki paerewa noa momo RAM DDR3 1600. Ko te mahi o te maramara, rite whanganga e nga tātai o pū kotahi - 250 gigaflops. Ko te pūtukatuka 4 He pūmana mahara. Auau puta haere hoki interprocessor raraunga takere utu - 16 GB / hekona. Award-mahi kongakonga - 250 gigaflops. Ka rite ki pā reira ki te mahi o te Russian analogues ao pūtukatuka? Kia kï hoki, e te maramara ko te Intel Core i7 4930K hua e pā ana ki 130-140 gigaflops. He Motherboards hou, me te te putanga motuhake o te OS Rawa mo te hou "Elbrus" pūtukatuka. Ano, pea, ka kia whakawhanakehia ratou i runga i te maramara rorohiko multiprocessor hāngai.

He he taunakitanga e na 2018 ka tukua te kamupene pūtukatuka rite MCST "Elbrus-16C". Ratou kaha hoahoa - 1 teraflops. Kei te tika ano hoki te reira e te tukanga ka hāngai te tītipi i runga i nga paerewa o iti iho i te 28 nm.

opuaraa maramara

Ka rite ki tohunga whakatau tata whakaputaina e pūtukatuka waitohu Russian? , E taea te mea arotake o maha IT-tohunga reira, tākare.

He maha ngā take. Hei tauira, he whakakake o ko te meka i kua hanga te pūtukatuka i roto i Russia maha ngā, me i roto i te mau huru i reira te wa roa kihai i hāngai ki te whanaketanga kaha o te IT-ahumahi i roto i taua tiketike-tech me tiketike-mutunga wāhanga te āhuatanga ōhanga. I roto i ngā o te aro mātai mahi o pūtukatuka ano te tikanga pai.

He etahi kōrero i te tohunga e mahi ki te opuaraa hokohoko mo te maramara. Ki te hanga pai a ratou, Me matou hokohoko nui, e kua nohoia e te feia faatere o te ao. Ki te whakataetae ki a ratou, mea tohunga, e kore e waiho ohie.

Heoi, kia rite ki te tahi mau kaitätari, te pūtukatuka "Elbrus" kia pai kia he rongoā kē taea i Intel me AMD i roto i te Russian Federation, rawa i roto i ngā o kai hōia, i homai nei e te nga ngā mua nga whakaritenga tino pākaha i roto i te āhuatanga o te tika o ngā wāhanga hiko me te haumaru o ratou te whakamahi. Company MCST, tohunga mea, he reira, e nehenehe o te whakarite i te tautukunga o ona pūtukatuka rite ki ngā whakaritenga.

OS "Elbrus"

Me kï reira e rawa mo nga pūnaha rorohiko o te MCST rere i runga i te pūtukatuka "Elbrus", i hanga te pūnaha whakahaere motuhake. Ko tōna turanga ko te pata Linux i putanga 2.6.33, Heoi, i raro ki te tukatuka faufaa hohonu. Ko te hua ko te rere "Elbrus", āhuatanga e te taumata teitei o te haumaru me te pūmautanga i roto i te mahi. I roto i te hanganga o te pūnaha whakahaere Russian kua mātātoa te whai wāhi tohunga o ratou INEUM. I. S. Bruka.