Pūnaha moni o te ao: ko te paerewa koura ki te āhua o ngā take o nāianei

pūnaha moni o te ao, ko te ahua o te whakahaere o whanaunga moni, e kua whakawhanakehia i tenei wā o te whanaketanga mākete. e pā ana tōna putanga e ki te putanga o te moni, me te tīmatanga o ratou mahi kia rite ki te tikanga o te utu i roto i ngā whakawhitinga utu ao.

Kua riro te kunenga mai o te pūnaha moni tītohunga tino taiao, kahore nei e kore e e taea te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ao. Ka rite ki te kupu whakataki, me te whakarerenga o te paerewa koura - he he whakautu ki nga titauraa o te wa, me te whakau o hohokitanga o aamu o te taata, me te ōhanga ao.

Ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o te pūnaha moni te ao , me ratou āhuatanga

1. Ko te pūnaha paerewa koura (1821-1939) i roto i te runga ki tetahi moni e tika ana kia whakaratohia ki te koura. taumautia Banks o ia whenua ki te whakarato convertibility noa o ratou moni i runga i whakarewa pai i runga i te tono. riro pūnaha moni reiti whakawhiti i whakaritea whakaritea mo ia moni takitahi. O te akoranga, ka tenei pai pā te whanaketanga o hokohoko i waenganui i nga whenua, me te haumi te ao e tika ana ki stabilizes te āhuatanga ōhanga. Heoi, i tenei pūnaha moni me te maha o nga tōnounoú i arahina ki te meka e runga i te mahana o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i whakarerea ai. I roto ia ratou Ko te pai-oranga o te taupori ti'aturi e kore i runga i te whanaketanga ohaoha, engari i runga i te hua ranei heke i roto i te production koura, me te te ngoikore o nga whenua o te kaupapa here moni motuhake. 2. Ko te pūnaha Bretton Woods (1944-1976). Tenei pūnaha moni presupposes tere auau whakawhiti, tuku ki a ratou te whakautu ki te huri tikanga mākete. whakaritea te akoranga o moni katoa i roto i tara, a ko te kāwanatanga US ki te whakarite taui i ta ratou moni mo te koura. i kua i roto i tenei wā kua whakapumautia te reira i te taua mana moni ao whakahaere rite te IMF, te whakaaro matua o te mahi i te mea ïa te whanaketanga o hokohoko i waenganui i nga whenua e rua, me to ratou mahi i roto i te mara o whanaunga moni. Ko te wā, puta ai e kore i hiahia i roto i te huri i te auau utu o tona moni, me te taumata tika o te tere e kore e taea te fakapapau'i te kāwanatanga. I tua atu, e kore i ahuareka rawa hoki whenua maha i te United States i te hononga. 3. I roto i te 1976, i whakaritea e te reira ki te haere ki te pūnaha moni Samaika, kia rite ki nei whakaritea te auau utu o tetahi moni e te ture o te supply, me te tono. titau pūnaha moni Modern he whakamāramatanga motuhake o te Central Bank auau utu tikanga o te kāwanatanga, e whakarite tona wā roa-ngāwari me te wā-poto pūmautanga, e pai pā te whanaketanga o te hokohoko, me te pūtea. Ko te āhuatanga o te pūnaha moni Samaika ngā: nui pikinga, koi huringa i roto i ngā pāpātanga whakawhiti me te pähekeheke o te āhuatanga ōhanga i runga i te mākete. I roto i tenei whakaaro, nga kau taki o ia whenua e utu nui ake te aro ki te whakamahere rautaki, me te whakahaere, mo inaianei, anake i runga i to ratou mahi lelei mo tei runga i te pai-oranga o te taupori.