Phagocytosis - he aha te mea te reira? He aha te mea te uho o te phagocytosis? ngā wāhanga o te phagocytosis

Na, phagocytosis - he aha te mea te reira? Kia tamata a ki matau i te whakamāramatanga o tenei wā. Ahu Ko te kupu "phagocytosis" i rua Kariki tūtahi - phagos (kai) me kytos (pūtau). International phagokytosis wā Medical, pērā russified he mutunga osis, e whakamāoritanga i Kariki rite "tukanga" ranei "tītohunga". Ko te kupu, tenei whakamāramatanga tikanga te tukanga o te āhukahuka o kaihoko ke pūtau motuhake, kaupapa whai take taua, hopu me te absorption ki wāhinga muri. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te faufaa o te phagocytosis. kōrero tatou ano e pā ana ki te mea ko nga phagocytes, whakaaro nga kaupae, ka kitea te rerekētanga i waenganui i phagocytosis oti, me te tarepa.

History o te kitea o ngā pūtau motile motuhake

Ko te pūtaiao Russian tino - II Mechnikov i 1882 - 1883 tau. ngā whakahaere i runga i te nakunaku intracellular, ako torongū mārama o whetu moana. miharo pūtaiao ahakoa ki te noho i roto i kaiao multicellular te kaha ki te hopu kai pūtau motuhake. A ngaungau reira pai, kia rite ki te mahi i te pūtau-pērā i Pūora. pau I. I. Mechnikov te wheako: ki te tomo ki roto ki te tinana o te torongū o Carmine paura, a whanga ana a tawhio noa tupu enei purapura toto-whero iti taiepa pūtau. ka mau ratou ka horomia peita. Katahi te kaipūtaiao, he whakapae e i roto i tetahi rauropi me whai i te pūtau korero motuhake, e taea e haru me ngaungau atu matūriki kino ki te tinana. Hei whakaū i to ratou whakapae, whakamahia te kaimātai pūtaiao nga titaha māwhero, e kua whakaurua ki roto ki te tinana o te torongū o te pātangaroa. Etahi wa i muri mai, i kitea nga kairangahau e kua karapotia te pūtau i tataramoa, e ngana ana ki te haukoti i "pests" ka pana ia ratou. Ēnei matūriki tiaki motuhake kitea i roto i te tinana o te torongū, ka karanga he kaiputaiao phagocytes. Na roto i tenei wheako whakakitea I. I. Mechnikov phagocytosis. I roto i te 1883, korerotia ana e ia tona kitea ki te whitu nga Congress o Naturalists Russian. I roto i te heke mai, tonu te pūtaiao ki te mahi i roto i tenei aronga, hanga he māuiuitanga whakatairite o te mumura, me te te ariā phagocytic o te mate. I roto i te 1908, tahi ki te pūtaiao Paora Ehrlich, riro ia te Nobel mo ratou rangahau koiora nui.

Ko te āhuatanga o te phagocytosis - he aha te mea te reira?

ata tirohia I. I. Mechnikov ka ako te tūranga o phagocytosis i te tauhohe o te tangata me te kararehe teitei korero. Kua kitea Scientists e tenei tukanga whai wāhi nui i roto i te whakaora o ngā patunga. homai koiora Encyclopedic Dictionary te whakamāramatanga e whai ake. Kei te kaha te peratia i Phagocytosis, me te absorption o ngā ke pērā i te huakita, me whatiwhatinga pūtau microfungi, ngā rauropi ranei pūtau motuhake (phagocytes), e wātea ana i roto i tetahi rauropi multicellular. He aha te mea te uho o te phagocytosis? Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te reira i te ahua o te tiaki rauropi multicellular matamua. Ko te pūnaha ārai mahi phagocytosis tangata hoki whai wāhi hira. Ko ia te tauhohenga tuatahi ki te whakataki o te momo o wheori, huakita me ētahi atu āpiha ke. porotītiti tonu Phagocytes puta noa te tinana, rapu mō "pests". A, no te tāutuhia te kaihoko ke te, te here o taua mea ki te receptors. absorbs Nawai ngenimomi pest me te whakangaro i te reira.

E rua ngā rōpū matua o ngā pūtau motile - "kaiwawao"

Phagocytes He mātātoa, me te rite tonu i tetahi wa ki te mahi ki te puna o te mate. E ratou he tetahi mana motuhake, no te mea e taea e ratou te kawe atu o ratou mahi, i roto e kore anake hoki, engari i waho te tinana: i runga i te mata o te kiriuhi mucous me i ngā wāhi o te kiko pakaru. phagocytes Tangata i roto i ngā o ratou tōtika, kua wehea pūtaiao ki e rua ngā rōpū - te "ngaio" me "kāhore". Ko te tuatahi ko te monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, pūtau rewa, pūtau dendritic me te kiko. Ko te nui pūtau phagocytic pūkoro ko nga pūtau toto ma - ma pūtau toto. hiki ratou ki te aronga inflammatory me te whakatinana i ngā mahi tiaki. Phagocytosis tā te rapunga o leukocytes, absorption me te whakangaromanga o ngā manene, me te ona ake pūtau mate ranei pakaru. I muri te raveraa i to ratou mahi o te pūtau ma toto neke ki te bloodstream, a ka haere tonu ki te porotītiti i te toto, me te tahi atu - ki te waha apoptosis huringa dystrophic ranei. ngā "kāhore" rōpū o fibroblasts me reticular pūtau endothelial, e whai iti mahi phagocytic.

Ko te tukanga o te phagocytosis: te atamira tuatahi

Fakakaukau ki he founga te tukanga o te whakahaere rauropi kino. te tāutu i ngā Scientists wha wāhanga o phagocytosis. Ko te tuatahi ko te tütakitanga: ngenimomi tata ki te ahanoa ke. Ko tenei e tika ana ki rānei tutukinga kōpeka rite ki te hua o te kaupapa Anga hohe ranei - chemotaxis. E rua ngā momo o te chemotaxis - pai (ki phagocytes) me tōraro (te kaupapa o phagocytes). Tikanga, kawea chemotaxis pai ki te pae o te kino kikokiko, me te meinga e papapūata me kai ratou.

Pipiki phagocytes ki te kaihoko ke

I muri i pūtahitanga kletki "kaitiaki" ki matūriki kino o te atamira tuarua tīmata. Kei te piripiri ia. Ngenimomi tae pā ana te kaupapa ki reira, ka piri. Hei tauira, e kore e pūtau toto ma, i tae i roto i te pokapū o te mumura me te piri ki te taiepa oko, whatiia atu i reira, ara ahakoa te tere rere nui. whakamana adhesion tikanga e tiaki mata ngenikame. Ka rite ki te tikanga, he tōraro reira, me te mata o ngā ngenimomi te pai i ako. I roto i tenei take, i reira ko te adhesion pai. matūriki tōraro whakatupato, hei tauira, puku, kua riro e phagocytes tino kino. Heoi, i reira e pipiki ki taua matūriki. Kei te rite te reira i roto i te mahi o mucopolysaccharides, ngā i runga i te mata o phagocytes kiriuhi rite pai rite i te whakaiti i te pokey o te cytoplasm me tapo'ii kaihoko ke waikuruwhatu.

Ko te atamira tuatoru o phagocytosis

I muri tāpiritanga ki te ngenimomi ahanoa ke tīmata tona absorption, e taea puta i roto i ara e rua. I te mata o te whakapā o te anga ahanoa ke, a ka kua unu te ahanoa ki te pūtau. Ko te kupu e katia te ahanoa nga taha noa o te membrane, ka hanga e miru te mutunga wehe, kei roto i te matūriki e hiahiatia. Ko te ara absorption tuarua - te takanga o pseudopodia, matūriki ke, me te tapo'ii te haumitanga ki runga ki a ratou. Ka rite ki te hua, E kopakia ana ratou i roto i vacuoles i roto i ngā pūtau. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ki te awhina o phagocytes pseudopodia mimiti microfungi. Retraction ahanoa kino tapo'ii ranei riro taea no te mea e hua ana te anga te āhuatanga ngenikame contractile.

wāhinga Intracellular o "pōrearea"

te wha o nga atamira tā te phagocytosis o nakunaku intracellular. Tenei tupu e whai ake. Ko te miru kei roto matūriki ke ngā lysosomes he e whakahohe matatini o whākōkī kūnatunga me te ringihia. hanga tenei te taiao i roto i nei puta wāhinga macromolecules ngāwari koiora ribonuclease, amylase, protease me lipase. Nā whakahohetia whākōkī nakunaku me puta whakangaromanga, a ka te tuku o ngā hua miru kinonga. Na e matau ana koutou ki ta te wāhanga e wha o te phagocytosis. kawea Tiaki o te tinana i roto i roto i ngā wāhanga: tuatahi i reira he pūtahitanga ngenimomi me ahanoa, ka attraction, i.e. takoto o ngā korakora e hiahiatia i runga i te mata o te "Pūkaro", me muri i - te absorption me nakunaku o te pōrearea.

phagocytosis kāore me oti. He aha e ratou rerekētanga?

I runga anō i te aha e waiho te hua o te nakunaku intracellular o matūriki ke, e rua momo o ora ake - phagocytosis oti, me te tarepa. oti te ahanoa tuatahi te whakangaromanga oti, me te whakakorenga o ngā hua kinonga i roto i te taiao. phagocytosis pahara - he aha te mea te reira? tikanga te wā e te pūtau manene e riro e phagocytes, noho taea. Ka taea e ratou whakangaro i te miru, te whakamahi i te reira rite he "oneone" mo tupuranga ranei. He tauira o te phagocytosis oti ko te hāpainga gonococcal i roto i te tinana, e kua kore mate ki a ratou. A, no te tukumate oti i phagocytosis o phagocytes rongoa roto, ka horahia puta noa i te tinana. Na, i roto i te wahi o te huarahi tiaki o te phagocytosis riro te taeae faatere o te mate, te āwhina pests ki horahia me te tini.

Take o te tukanga nakunaku intracellular

puta Phagocytosis Tūkinotanga no o hē i roto i te hanganga o phagocytes rite te pai kia rite ki te pehanga o te mahi o kletok- pūkoro "paruru". I roto i te tua, he huringa kino i roto i te nakunaku intracellular pea e tika ana ki mate tuku, pērā i mate, me te alder Chedyaka-Higashi. maha puta takahi hanganga o phagocytes, tae atu te whakaoranga o o leukocytes, ka te rongo radiation ranei e tika ana ki te neutropenia tuku. mahi pehanga o phagocytes kia puta tika ki hē o hormones etahi, electrolytes me huaora. Hoki tāoke glycolytic me tāoke koiora pēhia te mahi o phagocytes. Te ti'aturi nei matou, i roto i tenei tuhinga, ka taea e koe ngāwari whakahoki i te pātai: "? Phagocytosis - he aha te mea te reira". Ngā manaakitanga!