Ngā kitenga arorangi - he aha te mea tenei?

Astronomy - tetahi o nga pūtaiao matamua. Iwi i te wa tukuiho aru te kaupapa o nga whetu i te rangi. Ua tauturu kitenga arorangi i te wa ki te whakatere i te whenua, me te tika i hoki te hanga o ngā pūnaha taumauri me karakia. Mai reira, kua puta ke nui. Astronomy wetekina pae hopea ano i kōkōrangi, kua whiwhi ia ngā mōhiotanga me te mana hangarau. Heoi, ngā kitenga arorangi, hanga i runga i te whenua ranei i roto i te wāhi - ko tonu tetahi o nga tikanga matua o te whiwhi raraunga i roto i tenei pūtaiao. Ke ara o te kohikohi mōhiohio, engari te ngako noho te taua tikanga.

He aha te mea te kitenga arorangi?

He he taunakitanga ki te whakaaro e tonu i te mohio taketake o te nekehanga o te marama me te ra iwi i roto i te wā o onamata. Whakahaerenga o Hipparchus me Ptolemy whakaaro i mohio o nga whakamarama i roto i te tono, a ka i roto i tawhito, utua e ratou he rota o te whakarongo. I taua wa, me te ara i muri o ngā kitenga arorangi te wā roa ko te ako o te rangi po, me te whakatika te mea ka kite ia i runga i te pepa ranei, atu noa, he huahua.

Tae noa te Renaissance pūtaiao kaiāwhina i roto i tenei take i anake te taputapu tino taketake. riro te nui nui o te raraunga kua wātea ana i muri i te tenenga o te karu whātata. Ka rite ki ngä ki nui haere tona tika o te mōhiohio whiwhi. Heoi, i te mea te taumata kua reira kia hangarau te ahunga whakamua, kitea arorangi - ko te ara matua ki te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā tiretiera tenei. Te mea faahiahia, Ko tetahi o nga wāhanga o te mahi pūtaiao, e kore e nei i ngaro hāngaitanga o te tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te tau o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao noa, e ko, te mātakitaki me te kanohi tahanga ranei te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ohie ano hoki tenei.

whakarōpū

I teie mahana kitea arorangi - he mea he kāwai whanui o mahi. Whakarōpū ratou e taea e runga te maha whenua:

• ngā mema o te tohu;
• te āhua o te raraunga tuhia;
• wāhi.

I roto i te take tuatahi taratahi kitenga ngaio, me te runaruna. Ko te raraunga whiwhi i roto i tenei marama tino pinepine e rēhita kitea atu radiation hiko ranei, tae atu pōkākā me te katinga. Ka taea te whiwhi te kōrero i roto i tenei take i roto i ētahi wā, te mata anake o to tatou paraneta, ranei anake i te wāhi i waho te kōhauhau: i runga i te pūtake o te toru o nga tuku o ngā kitenga arorangi hanga i runga i te whenua ranei i roto i te wāhi.

tātai arorangi runaruna

Ko te ataahua o te pūtaiao o te whetu, me te tahi atu tinana tiretiera i roto i te meka e ko te reira - tetahi o te torutoru e mooni me ki hei faahinaaro mātātoa me te nakawhiti i roto i te taiao Reimana. Ko te maha nui o ngā wāhi tika o te aro tamau, to tatou he maha iti o pūtaiao mahi i roto i te take uaua tino. No te mea te toenga o nga kitenga arorangi o tata-Earth wāhi whanau e nga pā.

Te takoha o te iwi e whakaaro ratou arearea tātai arorangi, tino kite i roto i tenei pūtaiao. Tae noa te waenganui o te tekau tau whakamutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga, neke atu i te hawhe o unahiroa kitea i tika amateurs. I roto i ō rātou ngākau nuitanga rangahau hoki maha ngā whetu e kitea te tāupe kapinga aroturuki New o tiretiera tinana Asteroids. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te wā i te mahi tino whaihua, me te rongonui. Ki te whakaaro ki hou, me te supernovae, ko reira te tikanga te tuatahi ki te kite ratou he reira arorangi runaruna.

Kōwhiringa kitenga runaruna

kia wehea arorangi Amateur ki ngā wāhanga e pā ana tata:

• Visual arorangi. Ko ētahi o ēnei e kitea te arorangi roto karu, he karu whātata ranei te kanohi tahanga. Ko te whakaaro matua o taua mahi, ka rite ki te tikanga, ko te ki te tiki i pai ai i te whai wāhi ki te mau i te kaupapa o te whetu, me te te tukanga iho. He peka ngā o tenei au - "Whariki" tātai arorangi: tangohia etahi pā i ratou whātata ki runga ki te huarahi, me te whakaekea ki katoa te hunga e hiahia ana ki te faahiahia i te whetu, aorangi me te marama.
• Astrophotography. Ko te whakaaro o tenei aronga - ki te whakarato i ngā whakaahua whakaahua o tinana no te me o ratou huānga.
• mahi karu. I te tahi taime te tika whatu mea, whātata me oko, e hanga pā i te wahanga. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, mahi karu he ki ngā taputapu ngā ki oko hou.
• Rangahau. Ētahi arorangi runaruna rapu haunga ahuareka rerehua, me te whiwhi tahi mea he iti ake sino. E whai wāhi ana ratou i roto i te ako o Asteroids, taurangi, i aia te me te supernovae, unahiroa me ua meteor. Wā i roto i te āhuatanga observational tamau me te teimaha e hanga. Ko hopoi mai tenei mahi o arorangi runaruna te takoha nui ki te pūtaiao.

ngohe ngaio

Arorangi ngaio huri noa te ao i taputapu pai atu amateurs. Ko te wero kei mua i a ratou, e rapu tika tiketike i roto i te kohinga o ngā mōhiohio, pai taputapu pāngarau mō te tikanga, me te matapae. I roto i te pokapū o te mahi o ngaio, rite ki te tikanga, he tino matatini, maha ngā tawhiti me ari. E mea pinepine, whanuitanga o te hōpara ātea taea ki te whakaheke te marama i runga i etahi ture o te ao, ki te whakamārama i, ngā ranei turaki ngā hanganga ariā e pā ana ki tona takenga mai, hanganga me te heke mai.

Whakarōpū i te momo o te mōhiohio

Ngā kitenga i roto i te tātai arorangi, rite kua whakahuatia, kia pā ana ki te warea o te radiation rerekē. I runga i tenei pūtake ko te wāhi e whai ake nei:

• Astronomy Optical tirotiro radiation i roto i te whānuitanga kitea;
• tātai arorangi pōkākā;
• tātai arorangi hihi katinga;
• tātai arorangi;
• X-ray tātai arorangi;
• tātai arorangi kama-ray.

I tua atu, kei te tohaina te aronga o tenei pūtaiao, me te kore e te kitea hāngai e pā ana ki radiation hiko. Kei roto i tēnei neutrino ako neutrino radiation i puna extraterrestrial o te tātai arorangi tō-poipoi, me te planetary.

Mai i te mata

E wātea ana mō te rangahau i roto i ngā taiwhanga e hāngai ana whenua-wāhanga o te tītohu ako i roto i te tātai arorangi. ngā kitenga arorangi i roto i te ao e pā ana ki te ako o nga trajectories o tinana tiretiera, te inenga tawhiti i roto i te wāhi, i te whetu, te warea o te tahi mau momo o radiation me irirangi ngaru, a na i runga i. I mua i te wā o te hōpara ātea, anake i taea e arorangi kia makona ki te kōrero whiwhi i raro i nga tikanga o to tatou paraneta. A i nui ki te hanga i te ariā o te take mai me te kunenga o te ao, te rapunga o maha ture e te tīariari i roto i te hanganga i taua.

Whenua i runga High

Ki te pee'utari tuatahi whakarewa he wā hou i roto i te tātai arorangi. Ko te raraunga i kohia e te waka ātea, he tino taonga. Kua whai wāhi ratou ki pai ake te māramatanga o nga mea ngaro o te pūtaiao ao.

ngā kitenga arorangi i roto i te wāhi tukua ki a koe te tuhi ngā momo katoa o te radiation, i te marama kitea ki nga kurupae o gamma me X-ray ngā. E wātea ana mō te ako i runga i te whenua te nuinga o ratou, ka rite ki te kōhauhau o te ao absorbs ratou, e kore e tukua te mata. He tauira o te āhuatanga i hanga taea i muri anake i te timatanga o te wāhi tau, he pulsars X-ray.

mōhiohio kaimahi

E kawea kitenga arorangi atu i roto i te wāhi ki te awhina o ngā taputapu eke i runga i te waka ātea āmio āmiorangi. kawea maha rangahau o tenei āhua i runga i te International Space Station. Ko te takoha o whātata optical, pērā i te oma wa e rave rahi i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga. tu te reira i roto i roto ia ratou i te rongonui "Hubble". Ki te ke ko reira matua he puna o whakapakoko whakaahua he tino ataahua o te wāhi hohonu. Heoi, e kore ko te aha ia "matau" tenei. Ki te riro i te reira i te nui nui o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hanganga o te plurality o ngā, nga regularities o te "whanonga". "Hubble" me te tahi atu whātata e he raraunga kaiwhakarato tino taonga e hiahiatia ana mo te tātai arorangi ariā, mahi i runga i ngā take o te whanaketanga o te ao.

ngā kitenga arorangi - e rua teretetiera, me te wāhi - anake te puna o ngā mōhiohio mō te pūtaiao o tinana tiretiera me ari. Te kore ratou, anake i taea e pūtaiao whakawhanake rerekē ariā, kahore te taea ki te whakarite ia ratou ki mooni.