Monument Ivanu Fedorovu i Moscow

Ko te whakaaro ki te whakatū i te tohu Ivanu Fedorovu whanau i roto i te tau 1870. haere mai te kaupapa i te Moscow Archaeological Society. I roto i te taua tau i whakapuakina te ohaurunga katoa-Russia, nga puta o e kia whakatapua ki te whanaketanga me te tāuta o te pou. Na roto i 39 tau, i te 1909, te whakatuwheratanga rahi o te pou.

mōhiohio hītori

puta te putanga tā tuatahi i roto i Russia, tuhia Maehe 1, 1564, engari tīmata tenei mahi roa i mua i te tuku pukapuka - April 19, 1563. Ingoa o te tangata e whakatapua e te mahi tā mo maha tau o tona ora - Moskovitin Ivan Fedorovich. Uri mohiotia te rite i te pionie Ivan Fyodorov.

kore kua Haurongo Fedorov i ako ata. I roto i ngā, i reira he kahore kōrero pono e pā ana ki tona ahua, taipitopito ora tūmataiti. Heoi, e mohio ana tatou e na te wa, ka whai wāhi Ivan Fedorov i patotuhinga, i ia he tikanga fakalaumālie - mahi rite te diakono i roto i te hahi i roto i te Moscow Kremlin, a ko roto i nga tangata Metropolitan Macarius āwhiwhiwhi.

I mua ki tenei, puta ia i te University Cracow, a ka whakawhiwhia i te taitara o Bachelor. I roto i aua wa whakaaro taua mātauranga i rawa whaimana. Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te reira he ākonga, tutaki Ivan Fedorov ki hangarau tā, i whakaaro e Johann Gutenberg.

Whakaahuatanga whakairo

eke Monument Ivanu Fedorovu te i runga i te turanga iti, e kei te rā tuku o te tā tuatahi o te pukapuka. Reira whakaatu hoki te tohu "JF". Ko te aha te ariki tohu i roto i te katoa o ratou mahi. I te taha ki whakamuri o te turanga kei roto i te tapanga tangohia i te hopearaa ki te pukapuka tuatahi whakaputaina i runga i te mīhini.

whakaatu ana te whakairo i te ahua tangata i roto i nga kakahu o te rangatira. Homai te kore o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te ahua Ivana Fedorova, ka taea e tetahi amo e fakafofonga'i nga kaihanga o te pou i roto i tona mahi i te whakapakoko whānui o te iwi Russian.

I roto i tona ringa matau mau te whārangi ariki ki te mana'o tāngia. mau e ia he poari ki tona ringa maui - te āhuatanga o te pēhi tā.

Ko te kaituhi o te whakairo

Ko te kōrero parau pehea te tohu Ivanu Fedorovu i Moscow, tikanga ngā kōrero toi rerekē. Etahi o ratou tautohe e whakaaturia te whakataetae ki te waihanga i te whakairo i roto i 1901, i roto i nei i te toa i te kaihoahoa me toi Volnukhin Mashkov. pai ratou te whakaaro kia te ngā mema o te tekau, e mahue te tūponotanga o toa atu kaitono.
E ai ki to'utangatá, toi e hiahia ana ki te whai wāhi i roto i te whakataetae, te wahi i reira tika ki te hanga i tētahi tohu Ivanu Fedorovu, ko rawa nui. aroaro ratou o ratou kaupapa ki te Komihana ki hoa pouako nui e kore anake, engari ano hoki toi pūmanawa i whenua Pākehā tokomaha.

Ko te kōwhiringa o te wāhi mo te pou i roto i Moscow

He wahi i reira ko te tohu Ivanu Fedorovu, e kore te mea o mua. I te tīmatanga, kihai i ia matara i Nikolskaya Street. Ko reira i reira e noho te tuatahi Whare Tā. ahu Printshop Mint e Ivan Fedorov.

I whakaputaina te tauira tuatahi o "Aposetolo" konei. no tenei kaupapa ki te tau 1563-1564. Mua, ko reira i runga i te ara kua tonu kua Nicholas te rota o bookstores me ngā toa secondhand. Wāhanga o te ara, ka huaina - "tāpui".

I roto i te rau tau XX, oho he tohu Ivanu Fedorovu i Moscow i wahi ki te tuu e rave rahi taime. E riro whakatau pērā i te kāwanatanga i roto i te hononga ki te huringa tōrangapū i roto i te ora o te whenua, ranei kua e pā ana ki hanga fafauhia i roto i tenei wahi o te pa.

hanga whakapaipai Public mana'o tauturu, e kī e kia tangohia te pou Ivanu Fedorovu tona wahi tika, hono ki te hītori o te tā i roto i Russia. Reira tautoko hoki te tono kōrero, tohunga me te hunga katoa e poihere te hītori o Russia.

Ka taea te rongo i te kōrero o te pou Ivanu Fedorovu me ana hoa i tetahi aratohu ratou i roto i to ratou noho i roto i Moscow, whakahaere haere ki enei pae whakamahara.

Momotuhi i roto i Ukraine ko Lithuania

Ko te takahanga o aua tau wawe, ka ia i ora ai Ivan Fyodorov, wherahia, kia ai ia me tona kaiāwhina tata , Petrom Mstislavtsem i takoha ki te waiho Moscow. I mua tenei i te tahunga o te whare tā, i whakangaromia e te ahi, me te whakatoi e mura o te rangatira o tā i te tatau.

Tuatahi, ka haere Ivan Fedorov ki Lithuania, i reira ka mau ia ake te mahi a tona ora. Nga pukapuka, i tāngia e konei i kore takotoranga fakalotu anake, engari mātauranga hoki. Ko tētahi pukapuka taua ko te tämata mo te reo matatini.
I muri mai, oho Ivan Fedorov ki te whenua Ukrainian. Here whakatuwheratia e ia tona ake press tā ka hoatu te timatanga o te tā i roto i Ukraine. Kei te tukua te reira i te putanga tuarua i roto i te tā "Aposetolo".

Hakihea 5, 1583 ka mate a Ivan Fyodorov a tanumia i roto i Lviv i te ohu whakapono St. Onufrievskom rongonui.

Ko te whakarau o tenei tangata taiea kore i anake te kororia, me te honore. I ia ki faaoromai i te hamani, mauahara o iwi, rawakore, kopeka. Otiia i hinga whakamātautau katoa e te tuipau mālohi ki te tu'unga o ratou take.

Legacy o Ivan Fedorov

Kei te mohiotia te reira i teie nei ma rua putanga tā tika Ivanom Fedorovym. Ko nga urupa tino faufaa o te tā toi katoa o ratou, a ko te taonga o te āhua ki runga ki te rohe o taua taonga.
Manuhiri ki te whare taonga e taea te kite i te momotuhi, maka maori te whare tā tuatahi. Ratou mārama e pānui i tenei ra. reta pūmatua, screensavers, mutu whārangi o te pukapuka rerekē mahi tinihanga me te hoahoa finesse faahiahia.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o ngā pukapuka katoa tāngia Ivanom Fedorovym - ko te aroaro i roto i a ratou o te tuatua akamataanga me Afterword te kaiwhakaputa. Ko te reo o enei waea he ohie, me te mārama ki te katoa. ta te reira anake e ite atea Ivan Fyodorov - he pukapuka tā o te heke mai o te tangata. e kore ia i ruarua e ka lau tona karere i whakatupuranga hou.

uri o te mahara

Monument ki pionie Ivanu Fedorovu kei roto i te pane o Russia kore anake. Tenei tangata mahara a roto i ētahi atu whenua. He nui ona ratonga ki te taata, a ka wehi te iwi i te mahara o ia. Monument Ivanu Fedorovu whakapumautia i roto i Lviv. I tua atu, i reira ko te whare taonga o te toi o ngā pukapuka Ukrainian tahito. ingoa tenei pokapū ahurea te i muri i Ivan Fedorov.

I roto i te tau 1983 i te whakatau o te rōpū te ao UNESCO huri noa te ao whakanui te 400raa o te mate o tenei tangata faahiahia. Ia tau tū i roto i te hokohokonga pukapuka Moscow. Hei wāhanga o tenei hui e whakaritea tonu ngā mahi, te wahi maumahara e pā ana ki te hua o Ivan Fedorov me ana hoa.