Minita o Culture o te USSR Furtseva Catherine: biography, mahi, te utuafare

Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna - ko pea tenei te wahine anake i roto i to tatou whenua, i te mea i roto i te hawhe 2 o te rau tau 20. i taea e ki te piki ki te tihi o te kaha ia. Te kotiro, i whanau nei i roto i High Volochek, mo te maha o nga tau ko te "hostess" i roto i Moscow, a i muri i tango ratou nohoanga i te Olympus rōpū, he te mau melo o te hēkeretai me te presidium o te Komiti Central te faatere. Ko ma wha nga tau i Ekaterina Furtseva te matenga o te Manatū o Culture o te USSR.

Nahea tatou e nehenehe e whakamārama he pēnei mahi maere rite te kotiro noa? Ona 'ulungaanga whaiaro, faingamālie, waimarie aroha ranei kau taki faahiahia? O te akoranga, katoa o tenei, kahore feaa, i reira i roto i tona ora. Otiia Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna wawe weropepahia ratou ara i roto i te hapori, whakatenatena i te wahine mahi tere. I roto i tenei tikanga, to tatou wahine pūrotu he kahore okotahi.

kaiwhatu Career

12.07.1910, i roto i te Upper Volochyok, i whanau nei i i taua wa i roto i te kawanatanga Tver, ko Furtseva Catherine. Biography i reira rawa uaua. papa o Catherine, Alex Gavrilovic, ko te kaimahi whakarewa noa. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, i tuhia e ia ki te ope tsarist, te wahi mate ia i roto i te whawhai rawa tuatahi. Ahakoa te meka te whakarau o Catherine Furtsevoy i whakawhanakehia, i mawhiti tuatahi, tino pai, riro ia i roto i te kōhungahunga traumatized e te mate o tona papa, tonu wehi o te whakarerea, mahue me paopao. Tenei wahine, ko te rawa nui ti'aturi i runga i hoa me te whānau, beloveds me hoa. i wehi ki te whakaaro he aha kia mau ai ki anake ia.

Mother Catherine Furtsevoy, Marya Nikolaevna, kei te kore whakaputaina te faaipoiporaa. Ko ia te tetahi whakaarahia i runga waewae tamahine, me he tama. Marya Nikolayevna ko te wahine matau ki. Heoi, i roto i te pa oaoa ia mana nui.

Ko te kaha ki te hanga whakatau, me te kaha i roto riro i te whaea Furtseva Catherine. Biography reira i muri whakawhanakehia e ara no o huru kaha, e taea te mea, hoatu te wahine riro. Heoi, ahakoa tenei, Catherine A. tupato ki te huna i te mana'o o te mii e haere tahi ia ora.

I muri i te kotiro-tau whitu tomo te kura wheketere, i reira riro ia te tikanga o te kaiwhatu. tīmata Employment History Furtsevoy Catherine ki te mahi i te mīhini. I muri, te Minita o Culture mo te heke mai toka raru ai hoki tona ingoa "kaiwhatu". kaitōrangapū matua i faingamālie katoa ki te kia whakakake, mahara whakaaro ia timata mahi. Ahakoa kahore he mea faahapahia i roto i tenei. Na faufaa e i te kotiro ki te tīmata wawe ki te mahi, ko te kore te faatura anake, engari ano hoki aroha.

Heoi, e kore e roa tu mo te mīhini Furtseva Catherine. kua puta ke Haurongo o ia tino i muri i te urunga ki te Komsomol.

i sipoti a pai whakawhanakehia-kotiro Catherine, e ko tino i roto i te raina ki te tūmanako o te wā. Ko te wā tēnei ka te mooni haea Catherine i waenganui i te hiahia ki te whakatau i roto i to ratou ora o tenei tangata, me i kahore ara tukua ki te takoto kaha.

Hoki ma ono marama, mahi ia rite te hēkeretari o te komiti rohe Komsomol i te kainga Korenevo (inaianei Kursk rohe). I muri iho riro Furtseva he vāhenga hou, a kihai i hoki mai ki tenei rohe. Tuatapapa tautohe e āta huna te ora tūmataiti Ekateriny Furtsevoy i roto i tenei wā i roto i te heke mai te Minita heke mai o Culture. āwangawanga te reira i te meka e te 25/08/1931, marenatia te kotiro he tamuta rohe. Heoi, e toru nga marama i muri mai ka mutu te faaipoiporaa i roto i te faataaraa. Ingoa o te wahine tuatahi hītori Furtsevoy puritia ngaro.

oaoa whaiaro

Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna ko kaimahi rawa whaihua. Ko te aha i roto i 1931 i whakawhitia ia ki te pou o Hekeretari o Komsomol i Feodosia. Here, i roto i Koktebel, he reira tona weriweri nui mo te hākinakina o rereangi. Na kua hanga e ia ngā tūtohutanga i runga i te komiti rōpū rohe mō te ako i te akoranga mātauranga Higher Aeroflot. I muri iho ka haere a Furtseva ki Saratov, i reira ka noho ia hei te kaiāwhina ki te rangatira o te tari tōrangapū i runga i Komsomol i te kāreti rererangi.

Ko tenei te wahi i tutaki Catherine tona aroha tuatahi nui. Tona whiriwhiri ko te pairati Petr Ivanovich Bitkov. I roto i te thirties o te rau tau whakamutunga, koa nga kaiurungi nui angitu ki nga wahine a tawhio noa ratou whakawhetai ki te waiwaiā. Na ko Pita Bitkov tangata ngā, me te rongonui. tutaki reira Catherine ariā o te hoa ora haumaru nei e taea ki te meinga tūturu mo tona tiaki, me te tautoko me te hoatu ia te mea i tangohia o mua ia. Ua faaipoipo te iwi taitamariki.

I roto i te 1936, i whakawhitia Pita Bitkov ki te mahi i roto i te Tari Political o Civil Aviation. I roto i tenei whakaaro, oho te whānau taitamariki ki Moscow. I roto i te pane timata Furtseva ki te mahi hei kaiwhakatikatika i te tari o ngā ākonga o te Komsomol. Kua pai te tāia ki ia ki te mau ohipa i faataahia ki reira. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e kore i ia i roto i te ora o te ākonga, ia kore i kore whai wāhi ano i roto i te mātauranga teitei.

I te tau 1937 ka tonoa a Furtseva ki ako i te Institute o Fine Chemical Technology. Lomonosov. Heoi, i iti te ākonga Catherine A.. Oia mau, i muri tonu whakauru ka mātātoa te whai wāhi ia i roto i te mahi tūmatanui, tango i te pou o Hekeretari o te komiti o te Institute Party. O te akoranga, te pōkairua o te mātauranga teitei riro ia. hoatu ratou i te reira ki a ia i roto i 1941, i mua i te whawhai. Ko te aha tīmata te mahi rahua Catherine Alexeevna i roto i to ratou makehe.

raru whānau

Ko te timatanga o te whawhai ki a Nasí Germany ki te wahine, ko te whiunga fakamamahi. haere tahu Ekateriny Furtsevoy ki te mua, a ka kauwhautia i mahue ia i te utuafare. Fakataha, ratou kore i ora, ahakoa i tenei wa ka haere mai ratou ki te marama tamaiti roa-tatali.

hiahia tonu Catherine A. ki te whai tamariki. Heoi, i taea ki te tiki hapu i muri noa ma tahi nga tau o te faaipoiporaa ia. Ka rite ki maha ngā meka hītori e pā ana ki Catherine Furtsevoy e pā ana ki a ia koioranga, kua riro whanau o te tamaiti ngā pūrākau me hau. He ko, mo te tauira, kōrero e pā ana ki te āhua o te kore i te papa o taua kotiro he Pita Bitkov. Ko Ko te aha te tane whara, a ka mahue te utuafare. Heoi, i reira e te tahi atu putanga. Petro, he tangata taitama, me te ataahua, ka tutaki i te mua o tetahi wahine. hinga ia i roto i te aroha, me te tīmata i te utuafare hou. Kei te mea te reira e te Mēnā i pēnei ake rite te pono. I muri i te katoa, e kore ahau kihai i Svetlana Bitkov. I te anga ke, te tamahine a Catherine Furtsevoy māfana e pā ana ki a ia. ka mea ia e te aroaro o te mutunga o tona ora, ngaro Pita Ivanovic ona mana'o metua.

Birth o te tamahine

He ora rahua whaiaro Ekateriny Furtsevoy mahue i roto i tona wairua i te nawe hohonu. kihai i taea e ia e wareware tana tahu. Anake, me te wehi o te papû ore, me te mo'emo'e, i rite i tetahi taime ki te whakarere i te tamaiti Furtseva. Otiia kaha reira tautoko te whaea, e meinga kua hoki a ia i roto i enei tau fifi o tenei tautoko.

I roto i te hapū i whakatahia Furtseva ki Kuibyshev (inaianei Samara). Ko te pa te embassies ke matua, me te Commissariats. pai haere whanau. tuhia Catherine A. i te ingoa o tona tamahine. Heoi, i roto i Kuibyshev noho roa Furtseva. Tona kaimahi rōpū, karanga ki Moscow.

tau fakangalongata'a

Ahakoa te pakanga uaua i roto i te 1942, ko ia hoki hei Catherine Furtsevoy rawa nui. Haunga te whanautanga o tana tamahine, riro ia he vāhenga hou. I te tipu a kite kaimahi taitamariki tino whaihua Petr Vladimirovich Boguslavsky, tei tavini ei te hēkeretari tuatahi o te komiti rohe Frunze o te rōpū. te whakaaro ia e uru Catherine Alexeevna tona wae. Mai reira, a ka anga ka he wahine mahi rōpū rawa angitu nei kawea ia etahi wa i muri mai ki te keokeonga rawa o te mana. A ko reira pea e te tīmatanga tere o mahi o te rōpū i tauturu Furtsevoy ora te whakaari whaiaro.

Ki te Petrom Vladimirovichem Boguslavskim i Catherine i ahau he hononga motuhake. Ko te hēkeretari tuatahi o te komiti rohe whakamoemiti kore ia mahi anake, engari ano hoki 'ulungaanga wahine. i ataahua Young Furtseva. He tokomaha nga tangata e ngā ki tona wherikotanga, ahua pīrahi me te ngākau te paroro,. E kua whakawhanakehia he hononga whaiaro o Pita V. ko Catherine ahau, e kore e mohiotia. e kore e ēnei kōrero faaite noa ki te iwi tata.

Ka rite ki te hēkeretari tuatahi

Ko te ture taketake mō te angitu i roto i te tūranga o rangatira rōpū kua ako Ekaterina Alekseevna tino hohoro. I maoro ke Furtseva Pita V. i tona pou. ka ia te rangatira o te wāhi tāone katoa. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakamatau i te tika kia huaina ki te hekeretari tuatahi o te komiti ā-rohe, ako Furtseva maha tikanga me ngā ritenga o te feia faatere tane. i ia ki kore ako ki te whakamā e ngahau moepuku, me te kore e pawera i roto i kapa o te tangata. I tua atu, i te reira i taea, ki te tika, ki te tukua atu te tangata i runga i te whaea, me te inu tika.

Heoi e kore Furtseva wareware e ko ia he wahine tino ataahua. A hoatu ana ki a ia te tahi atu tikanga o te mana i runga i te tangata.

Catherine A. taa ê huihui ohie, me te ngaue'aki pai. Ano, i te reira rite tonu ona kupu whakaari. Tino, i titiro a tona taranata ki te whakarite ngā kaupapa tūmatanui. A kore mea te mea i ratou arotahi. Tenei i taea e waiho he "purea" o te kōwae rohe o te iwi nei ka haere mai ki a Moscow i te Te Tai Tokerau o te whakapaipai i i hiahiatia i roto i te waenganui o "take Leningrad", te haumarutanga Tā pouri "Doctors 'ranei. Catherine A. tonu te pai ki mua o tona hoa sekelitali.

Moving ake te arawhata umanga

huringa Major i roto i te haurongo puta Furtsevoy i te wa, i te hoatu Stalin mua mo te pou o matenga o te Khrushchev Moscow. Ko tētahi o te kaitono hiahia Nikita Khrushchev ki whakarite te wahine. hinga te kōwhiringa i runga i te mahi, me te hihiri Furtseva.

O te akoranga, wahine mahi i roto i te taputapu rōpū i neke "i te wahanga." I Ua ite te reira tangata anake e taea akakoromaki i te kawenga i faataahia i runga i nga pokohiwi o te kaimahi. Stalin ia i roto i tona whakahaere ki te matenga o N. K. Baybakovym te ahumahi hinu o te USSR faaite te tirohanga e hiahia matua o nga tangata Commissar raru o bullish me anaanatae. Heoi, ko te tuatahi Catherine Furtsevoy mārama e kore e nui, no te mea ko reira te tangata aronganui rawa.

I roto i Moscow te matenga

He tau i muri i te matenga o Stalin, 26/05/1954, i Furtseva i whakaritea e ia te hēkeretari tuatahi o te Komiti Moscow o te rōpū. he whakahaere rōpū nui taua kore arahina tetahi wahine ki runga ki tenei wāhi. Ko te kupu, ka tomo Catherine A. te tūranga o te "rangatira" tonu-parirau o te pa.

No hononga whaiaro i waenga i Furtsevoy me Khrushchev kihai i. Te Upoko o State i pono ki tona wahine, me nga kotiro i ia anake hononga pakihi. I tua atu, ka ui ia ki nga taua Khrushchev katoa, kahore te okotahi tangata.

te faaipoiporaa

O te akoranga, kua meinga e ia te mahi faahiahia Ekaterina Furtseva. Family ia, Heoi, i hiahiatia tonu. kihai i te wahine waiho tumanako mo te hui ki te kaha, me te māia i roto i te tangata ia ia. I te pae hopea, i kitea ia oaoa whaiaro. Te mahi i roto i te taputapu rōpū o te whakapaipai, hinga ia i roto i te aroha ki a Catherine A. Nikolaya Pavlovicha Firyubina - tona Hekeretari tauira. Ko ia ko te ture marena ia ia matua e rua nga tau.

ka Roma Firyubin Furtsevoy me te kaupapa o te kawekawe korero i roto i te pane. Ko te wa ka kore e ākina hapori whakarere, ka kua he wahine kua whakaritea te tūnga o whaea whaiaro-patu me nga wahine. Ko te ariā o "rangatira" meinga kare kino. Ko te aha Nikolay Pavlovich Firyubin i roto i kore hohoro ki te waiho tona utuafare. Otiia, i muri i te ia ratou ano i noho tahi. Ko reira utu mea e te tamāhine melo no te utuafare hou, me te whaea-i roto i-ture tutaki tino rüpahu. Ko te hae o Marya Nikolaevna ko Svetlana, kihai nei i hiahia tetahi ki te faaite i to ratou tetahi aroha.

tane whakarite

e kore e te nuinga o ngā kaupapa here tukua Furtsevoy oaoa i te oaoa utuafare. I roto i te Hānuere 1954, whakaritea Nikolaya Firyubina karere ki Czechoslovakia. Tangata i roto i tenei tūranga, rite ki te tikanga, tahi e tana wahine, e whai wāhi i roto i te misioni. I ona pokohiwi kei te hopoi'a ki te whakarite pōhiri ki a te haamauraa i hoa whanaunga ki diplomats i ētahi atu whenua. Heoi, ki te mea patunga tapu ratou mahi Catherine A. i kore. Ehara i te mea nui noa ki te ite i tana wahine, a ka ki tana tane i roto i Prague i mahue ia. ka mau Party Komiti Central tuhipoka o tenei āhuatanga, me te tuku Firyubin kia kotahi i roto i Czechoslovakia.

O te akoranga, e kore e te wehenga roa whai hua i te faaipoiporaa. e kore Furtseva hiahia Firyubin mahue te whenua mo te wa roa, engari ki te hoatu ake tona whakarite rite i taea karere.

Ko te tihi o te mana

He tūranga motuhake i roto i te ora o Furtsevoy takaro te 20 Party Congress. Catherine A. tana otinga i whakaarahia ki te keokeonga o te kaha. I runga i te kupu tohutohu o Khrushchev, i whakaritea e ia te hēkeretari o te Komiti Central, a tomo te rārangi o ngā kaitono ki ngā mema o te presidium. Ko te tūranga hou i te taimaha rawa i roto i te whenua. Te kore te whakaaetanga o te Uepu o te Komiti Central kore e taea e tetahi mea, kahore pokapū minita ranei.

whakapono Khrushchev Ekaterina A. "tona tangata ake". Tenei whakahohea ia ki te riro i te mema o 06.29.1957 o te Presidium o te Komiti Central o te CPSU. Vahe reira i tino nui. Ko reira utu mea e kore kua pera tupu ano kore i roto i te aamu o te USSR, a ka mau te wahine i muri i te pou rite i raro i Gorbachev.

i Khrushchev Furtsevoy homai faufaa. ka hoki ia ki tona kāinga o tana tahu, meinga ia Minita Tuarua o Foreign Affairs.

rua tūpāpaku

I te tihi o te kaha i noho Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva mō tau e toru anake. 05.04.1960, Khrushchev ohorere nekehia katoa i te hēkeretai he rārangi torutoru iwi. I roto ia ratou a Catherine A ..

He aha ko te take mō te huri i te taumata teitei o ngā rārangi mana kāwanatanga? Kei te whakapono te reira e tenei take KGB ringa. puritia ratou pūkete o kōrero free sekelitali Central Komiti i roto i nga ruma toenga. kihai i kahore nananga i roto i o ratou korero. Heoi, whakaaetia ratou ratou ki te huarahi tino ki te whanonga o Nikita Khrushchev. Heoi, i reira he tetahi whakamārama mo tenei meka. Ko te āhua o te Khrushchev i ki te whakaara ia ia ki te rite te tangata ki te āmai tiketike, a ka whakama i roto i reira, ngāwari ki te wehewehea ki te tino tata, me te tīmata whakatairanga tetahi atu.

Otiia tika i runga i te tau tonu Furtseva ki hei māngai o te taumata teitei o te kaha. Heoi, ko te 21 th Congress o te presidium reira kei te kore ngā. Tenei meka ka Catherine te patu e wehingia ana ahau. Na ara tamata te wahine ki te mahi i te whakamomori.

I te ra ano, ka i ia ki te hui o te 21 th Congress, ka haere mai Furtseva whare, ka haere ki te kaukau, a tapahia ana ringa. Heoi, i taua momeniti ai ia mate me kihai i haere ki te. whakapumautia tenei meka e te meka e kore kua Catherine A. whakakorea te hui ki tona hoa kōhine. Ko te i runga i a ia Furtseva, a tukua te tūranga o te anahera kaiwhakaora. Kua mahi te hoa taea nga mea katoa. whakaorangia Catherine A.. Heoi, e kore i tenei "karanga i te ngakau" meinga tetahi tauhohenga i Khrushchev. Ko te ra nui atu i muri i muri i te raruraru, ka mea ia i te hui rahi o te Komiti Central, e kore te mea e tika ana ki te tenei ngana ki te puta i te ora noa whakarongo. Kua enei kupu whakawhiti Furtsevoy. Na haere atu ia ki ia, a ka anga ka ki te inu kaha. I whakapumautia tenei meka e te hoa Ekateriny Furtsevoy, tetahi o i ko Lyudmila Zykina.

minita pou

He marama i muri riro te karere e pā ana ki te whakarite hou Furtsevoy. Minita o Culture o te USSR riro tonu te īngoa, i meinga te taonga o te whenua katoa - Ekaterina Velikaya. ngā ia rōpū o mano tekau o nga kaimahi o te ao toi, e pupuri ana tūranga i roto i Moscow me Moscow rohe. Na tana "ope" whakaaro ia 3-4 miriona kultorgov noa puta noa i te Soviet Union, ngā pūkenga, kaimahi taonga, kaimahi tari, whare, me te pera i runga i. D.

ko te Minita o Culture Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna ngā anake nga tetahi o nga kau taki o te USSR, nei i anaanatae mo'oni i te utu ahurea i waenganui i te whenua. I tona kaupapa, ka haere to matou ariki i runga i te haere ke, me te Soviet Union toro toi ke, kaiwaiata me kaiwaiata. Kawea ki to tatou whenua, me te pai taonga whakaaturanga o te ao.

Minita o Culture o te USSR i nui te kaha. Heoi, nga whakatau i taea te kawe i te mōrea o te mahi. I whakakaha tenei e taua āhuatanga wä kua whakawhanakehia e i roto i te whenua. I haere tahi te reira e te taiao tino me e te mutunga ki te mea whakaaro te tangata etahi ine i te rārangi Party. ko reira i roto i te moni o Furtsevoy pai kore e hoatu pai atu i ki te whakatau. I muri i pai tukua hoki te tākaro he kiriata kiriata whakamoemiti te aki kaiwhakaari, me te kaiwhakahaere ranei. Hoki uru "hape" i ki te whakautu ki a ia.

Heoi i ētahi wā Furtseva i te aroaro o te aukatinga me te tangohia e fatongia tonu. I tua atu ki te pūnaha rōpū ngā te maha ārahi reira e here whaiaro me antipathies.

mate whaea

Mate o Marya Nikolaevna i 1972, kua riro te ati tūturu mō te Furtsevoy. tei te nuinga te reira i runga i te whaea, a, e hiahiatia ana tona whakaaetanga. mohio kaumeá Catherine Furtsevoy e i ngakau ko ia rawa te pehi. amuamu ia ki a ratou e tangata hiahia me e kore tetahi matau. Pera i te matara pono rite i enei whakapae? e kore e korero tane o Catherine ahau, Nicholas ahau, kahore e pā ana ki tona hononga ki tana wahine.

Whakamutunga o te mahi

Te riroraa rite Minita o Culture, faaoti Furtseva ki te tīmata hanga ratou ake pātū. Heoi, ka ui ia i te tauturu i roto i te whare subordinated ki reira. Ko kua tuhituhi te tangata whakatapua ki tenei take ki te Minita o te faahaparaa. ka mea te reira e Furtseva takahi Pāti me te kāwanatanga matatika, hokona i te Bolshoi Theatre i ngā rauemi hanga utu utu. Catherine i ahau ki tuku ki te dacha kāwanatanga. I roto i te hokinga mai, riro ia utua o 25 mano. Moni. Otiia, whakaritea te kaiārahi ki te unga Furtseva tūranga. Otiia i roto i te aparauraa ki tona hoa, ua faaite ia he whakaaro u ki te mate, ka rite ki te minita. A pera tonu te meatanga.

Kia pehea te mate Catherine Furtseva? A i te ra, ka ka mōhio o te penihana, me te e Nikolai Pavlovich rau ia mo tetahi atu wahine ia. kihai i taea e te rua A. pupuhi a Catherine taua tu atu. Ko e mo'oni, i mua o tona ora tūmanakohia penihana mokemoke pōuri noa. whakamatauria tenei ki a ia te nanakia tino.

Mana, puta te mate o Catherine Furtsevoy i kore ngakau whakapeka. A, Heoi hohoro ko 10/24/1974 Moscow tonu o nga hau e te ngana whakamomori tuarua ia i taka tonu. E ai ki te raraunga unofficial, kawa Furtseva ki cyanide.

I Catherine tae ahau te hunaraa o tana tane tuatahi - Pita Ivanovich Bitkov. Na ka mea ia ki tana tamahine, Svetlana e te aroha no te oraraa taatoa anake tona whaea. E te ara, i ite poto ia tana wahine tuatahi.

haere ki raro Firyubin ki Kleopatroy Gogolevoy, pouaru o te kaitono o mua o te Komiti-rohe Moscow.

Hea tanumia Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna? I Novodevichy Cemetery i Moscow. Kei tona urupa kei roto i te rarangi 14 i runga i te wāhanga 3. Muri ki ona teka, me tana tamahine Svetlana, e mate i roto i 2005. whakapumautia tenei te tohu tanumanga utuafare. Kei te tautoko te reira e te kaihoahoa M. O. Barsch me toi P. E. Kerbel. Tenei whakamaharatanga tohu wha stele poutū hanga o mapere marama. Ko tētahi o ona mata taha he te āhua o te hapa. Ko te wahi o runga, ko te ahua te tauturu whakamaharatanga i runga nei - Catherine Furtseva iho. e kore e tau o te ora o te mate i whakaritea. I runga i te pou whaowhao ki nga ingoa anake.