Microcontroller ESP8266: tūhono me te whirihora

Kua kua whakahaere He maha ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tahuri tona whakarongo ki ESP8266-12 kongakonga tukua e Espressif. Ko nui iti atu te kāri Nihokikorangi-pūurutau paerewa te utu o taua mea, me i ngā āhuatanga iti, kua kua e ia nui atu ngā āhuatanga. Na i nga pā katoa kāinga te whai wāhi ki te mahi i roto i te whatunga Wi-Fi i rua aratau, e ko, ki te hono i tō rorohiko ki tetahi ngā uru ngā reira rite te wāhi ranei.

I te tahi atu te ringa, e hiahia ana koe ki te matau tika te mea e kore e enei kāri tika Shield, hangaia anake hoki kōrero mā Wi-Fi. Iho ESP8266 iho ko te microcontroller, e kua ona ake UART, GPIO me SPI-atanga, arā taea te whakamahi i te reira rite te taputapu rawa whaiaro-roto. E rave rahi i muri i tenei maramara huaina reira he revolution pono, a mo te wā, ka e hanga taua pūrere ara i roto i nga momo tino taketake o te hangarau, engari kia rite ki te roa rite te pūrere ko ngā hou, me te kore ko te mārō pūmau ki runga reira. Kei te ngana tokomaha tohunga huri noa i te ao ki te whakaaroa tou ake mārō, no te mea ki te whakaki i aua i roto i kore te mea tino tiaki uaua, engari i roto i te noa'tu o ngā fifi, e taea te pūrere e huaina inaianei rawa e tika ana mō te whakamahi.

I te kau, whakaaro tatou e rua anake ngā kōwhiringa mo te whakamahi o tenei kōwae:

• Mā te whakamahi i te poari i roto i ngā ki te microcontroller atu, rorohiko ranei, ka e kia kawea i roto i te UART kōwae mana.
• mārō tuhituhi motuhake mo te maramara, e taea ka ki te whakamahi i te reira rite te kōwae whaiaro-roto.

Ko reira maori e ki te whakaaro i te mārō motuhake i roto i tenei take, e kore e e tatou.

Titiro i te mämä o te whakamahi, me te pai mahi, he maha iwi i roto i nga microcontrollers maha hoatu ratou tauira manakohanga ESP8266. Hono a whakahōu i te mārō o te pūrere he tino māmā, me te wātea, ka hanga i runga i te pūmārō taua i runga i nei e honotanga koe taputapu ki te rorohiko. Ko te taua puta noa te USB-TTL-pūtahuri, ranei, ki te pai tetahi atu kōwhiringa hononga, e taea te kawea i roto i roto i RPi me Arduino.

Me pēhea te ki te tirohia?

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakamatautau i te taumahinga o te pūrere hou hokona, ka hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i te puna motuhake o te ngaohiko ähuareka, hoki ki runga ki te 3.3 volts. Tonu ko reira ia tapao e te mau o te whānuitanga ngaohiko kōwae supply ko i 3 ki te 3.6 volts, me te supply ngaohiko nui haere arahi tonu ki te meka e koutou noa e tūkino i tō ESP8266. Flash me ētahi atu pūmanawa i muri i te āhuatanga rite kia timata ki te kore e mahi tika, a kua whai koe ki te hanga i te wae ranei te tahi mea ki fakatonutonu reira.

Hei whakatau i te mahi o te tauira microcontroller, Me tika koe ki te hono i te titi e toru:

• CH_PD ko VCC e hono ki te supply te mana o 3.3 volts.
• Kei te hono GND ki te whenua.

Ki te kore koe e whakamahi i ESP-01, me tetahi atu kōwae me ko reira te tīmatanga reira ahu GPIO15, ka i roto i taua take e hiahia ana koe ki te, a ka kia atu hono reira ki te whenua.

Ki te ki te mārō wheketere rere tikanga, ka i roto i taua take e taea te kite koe i te marama whero, a ka ka kemo o nga wa he tokorua puru. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e kore e te marama mana whero i nga whakaaro katoa ESP8266 Series. e kore e mārō i runga i te tahi mau whakaaro whakarato māramatanga o te marama whero, ki te he e ngaro te kōwae (i roto i ngā, e pā ana tenei ki te tauira ESP-12).

I muri tūhono ki tou whatunga ahokore whakahohe e te wāhi uru hou, ka e kia huaina ESP_XXXX, a taea te kitea i te reira ki tetahi pūrere e he wāhi ki a Wi-Fi. I roto i tenei take, ko te ingoa o te wāhi uru ko tika ti'aturi i runga i mārō o te kaihanga e whakamahi koe, a kia reira kia etahi atu.

Ki te kore puta i te wāhi, ka taea e whakamātautau tonu koe, te kore e whai ki te whakahaere i te mana anō-arotake, me te te tika o te GND me hononga CH_PD, a ki te hono mea katoa te tika, ka tino pea, e whai ana koutou tonu ki te whakamahi i te wae pakaru i runga i ranei kei te reira tāuta noa mārō ki ngā tautuhinga kore-paerewa.

Me pēhea te ki te tūhono i te reira hohoro?

huinga Paerewa hiahiatia mō te hononga o tenei kōwae ngā te whai ake:

• te kōwae ano;
• breadboard solderless;
• he huinga tonu o waea mama, papa, hangaia hoki te poari prototyping, taura motuhake Dupont MF ranei;
• kaitahuri USB-TTL e hāngai ana i runga i PL2303, FTDI etahi maramara rite ranei. Ko te kōwhiringa pai - ki te he USB-TTL whāurutau hoki RTS putanga ko DTR, no te mea e tika ana ki tenei e taea te tutuki āhua hohoro te tiki i te mārō i etahi UDK, Arduino IDE Sming ranei, i waho ara te hiahia mō te GPIO0 whakawhitinga ā-te whenua.

Ki te whakamahi koe i te pūtahuri ki te 5 volts, na te hiahia ki te hoko i tētahi atu maramara ngaohiko regulator i runga i te kaupapa o 1117 ranei tetahi rite, me te te puna mana (mo te paerewa 1117 e mea noa mau tino pai e tika ana i te atamai ki 5 volts). Kei te tūtohu ana e kore e ki te whakamahi i te Arduino IDE ranei USB-TTL ki te puna mana mo ESP8266, ka whakamahi i te motuhake, no te mea e tika ana ki tenei e taea e koe te pehea te mutunga o ngā raruraru taimaha.

huinga Arā ki te whakarato i te mahi hāneanea me te tamau ki te kōwae whakarato mo te hiahia mo te atu tūhono mana, parenga, LED ka tuku-whakakā. I tua atu, e taea hoki ki te whakamahi i tētahi aroturuki USB inexpensive, e āhei ki a koutou te aroturuki tonu te nui o te kohi o nāianei, me te whakarato iti tiaki i te USB pahi o takanga o te taiawhio poto.

Aha kia meatia e ahau?

Tuatahi, me te tuatahi ko reira utu te tuhituhi i te meka e kia kia paku rerekē te mana ESP8266 runga e tauira motuhake whakamahi koe rānei. Taua kōwae aroaro i tenei ra tino he rota, me te mea tuatahi e ka hiahia - ko te tāututanga o te tauira, me kei te whakamahi koe i te reira ki te whakatau i te hononga titi. I roto i teie buka, e kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mahi ki te kōwae ESP8266 ESP-01 V090, a ki te whakamahi koe i etahi atu tauira ahu Ping GPIO15 (HSPICS, MTDO), ka hiahia koe ki te wahia ia ki te whenua, ano he tīmatanga kōwae paerewa, me te hoki aratau mārō.

Na-tirohia rua e te ngaohiko supply mo te kōwae hono ko 3.3 volts. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, ko te awhe tīkina i 3 ki te 3.6 volts, a i roto i te take o te whakanui ake i te pūrere kore, engari ka taea e te ngaohiko supply kia ara tino raro atu i te 3 volts, e kua kī i roto i te tuhinga.

Ki te whakamahi koe i te kaitahuri USB-TTL 3.3 volts, ka hono te kōwae e i roto i te ara ano e rite ana i runga i te taha ki maui o te pikitia i raro nei. Ki te tono koe anake pyativoltovy USB-TTL, ka whakarongo ki te taha ki matau o te ahua. Kia mea he e he pai atu te tika e tika ana ki te meka i whakamahia reira he supply mana motuhake, engari i roto i te meka i te take o te whakamahi USB-TTL o pūtahuri 5 volts he tino minaminatia ki te hanga i te atu parenga kaiwehewehe ki te whakarite i te harmonization o trehvoltovyh me pyativoltovyh taumata o arorau whakamahi, noa ranei nga taumata kōwae faafariuraa.

Matau Up Āhuatanga Motuhake

I runga i te tika i reira ko te UTXD hoahoa hononga (TX), me te URXD (Rx) o te kōwae ki pyativoltovoy arorau, TTL, me te mau ana i roto i o taua ngā tukanga kawea atu ki to koutou ake tūpono. E ESP8266 whakaahuatanga reira ta e mahi i te wae tōtika anake ki 3.3V arorau. I roto i te nuinga rawa o te wā, tae noa i roto i te take o te taputapu arorau pyativoltovoy kore e kore, engari wā i reira e taua āhuatanga, na e kore e te tūtohu i te hononga taua.

Ki te kore e taea ki te whakamahi i te kaitahuri USB-TTL whakatapua 3.3 volts koutou, e taea te tono ki te parenga kaiwehewehe. Hoki utu te tuhituhi ko e i roto i te Power ahua tika hono 1117 stabilizer te kahore taiepa atu, a ka ngā tino mahi i te reira hangarau, engari te reira tonu pai ki te whakamahi i te waea hoahoa 1117 ki pūnga taraputanga - hiahia ki te houhanga rongo ai ki te rauraraunga ESP8266 ki tou stabilizer ranei whakamahi kē rawa rite kōwae, e hāngai ana i runga i te pūtake o 1117.

Hei tīmata i te kōwae, e hiahia ana koe ki te wahi i te mekameka GPIO0-TND, na ko reira taea ki te tuku mana. E tano ia tapao e te katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi i te reira i roto i taua tikanga, e ko, te tuatahi kia tino e GPIO0 «iri i roto i te rangi", a ka anake te tono mana ki te CH_PD me VCC.

Me pēhea te ki te tūhono tika?

Ki te taea e koe te whakatapua te ahiahi kotahi ki taua tikanga hono kōwae ESP8266, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te kōwhiringa atu eu. I roto i te hoahoa i runga nei kite koe i te kōwhiringa hononga ki aunoa utanga mārō.

Me kï reira e i roto i te whakapakoko i runga e kore e whakaatu i te whakamahi o te GPIO noa me te ADC, a ka waiho i te hononga tika whakawhirinaki i runga i te mea e rite e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatinana, engari ki te hiahia koe ki te whakarite i te pūmautanga, e kore e wareware ki te wahia katoa GPIO Power me ADC ki te whenua te whakamahi i te parenga kume-ake.

10k parenga, ki te tika, e taea te whakakapi i tetahi atu i roto i te whānuitanga o te 4,7k ki 50k, hāunga GPIO15, rite kia kaua e nui ake 10k uara i tona mata. Haapa'oraa pūnga whakaene pōkare auau tiketike kia ahua rerekē.

Pūhui GPIO16 Tautuhi me roto i te whakamahi o te parenga iahiko moe hohonu kia tika 470 ohms ka whakamahi i te aratau hāngai, i roto i te tikanga mai ki putaatu i te aratau moe hohonu, mahi te kōwae he tautuhi tonu mā te mau ana i roto i te taumata iti ki te homai GPIO16. I roto i te ngaro o tenei aratau moe hohonu pūhui hoki koutou wae e mau tonu.

I para tuatahi, kia mea he taua GPIO0, GPIO1 (TX), GPIO2, GPIO3 (Rx) ko GPIO15 pukumahi, na whakamahi ratou mo ratou ake take e kore e mahi, engari i roto i te hono mo'oní e kore e pera. He taumata feunga tiketike ki GPIO0 ko GPIO2, me te iti ki GPIO15 kia hiahiatia anake mo te whakaoho tuatahi o te kōwae, me i roto i te heke mai, ko te reira kua taea ki te whakamahi ia ratou ki tona ngarahu pai. Ko te mea anake utu te whakahua - e kore e wareware ki te whakarato i te taumata e hiahiatia ana i mua i ki te kawe i roto i te tautuhi tonu o koutou taputapu.

Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i TX, Rx rite GPIO1 ko GPIO3 kē, engari e kore e wareware i muri i te kōwae tīmata tīmata ia mārō ki "wahia" te whakarara TX mahi mōhiohio patuiro tonoa ki UART0 i te tere o 74480, engari i muri i ka tū he download angitu, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ratou e kore e anake rite ki UART0 kia utu raraunga ki tētahi atu pūrere, engari ano hoki i rite te GPIO paerewa.

Hoki ngā kōwae i roto i nei e kore te he nui iti o titi diluted (hei tauira, ESP-01) hiahiatia ki te hono i te titi tarapape ore, e ko, muia te ESP-01 anake: GND, CH_PD, VCC, GPIO0, GPIO2 me te tautuhi anō, a ko reira ratou koe ka Me koe ki te whakakikī. Kahore he hiahia ki te kia soldered tika ki te ESP8266EX kongakonga, a ka wahia te titi tarapape ore, te kore e hiahia ana tino koutou.

E whakamahia hoahoa hononga pēnei i muri i te maha nui o ngā kawea atu e tohunga tohu, me te huihui i te plurality o ngā mōhiohio rerekē. Me kï reira e kore e taea te whakaaro pai noa taua kaupapa, no te mea ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te maha o te tahi atu, kōwhiringa rite whai hua.

Hononga mā Arduino

Ki te koe mo etahi take, i reira ko kahore USB-TTL converter 3.3 volts, ka taea te hono te kōwae WiFi ESP8266 mā te Arduino ki pūtahuri integrated. Here e hiahia ana koe ki te tuatahi whakarongo ki e toru ngā āhuatanga matua:

• A, no te whakamahia ki te ESP8266 Arduino Tautuhi tuatahi hono ki te GND, ki te whakakore i te kaha ki te whakahaere i te microcontroller me i roto i tenei puka i whakamahia ai rite te kaitahuri USB-TTL mārama.
• e kore te Rx me TX hono "i whakawhiti", me hāngai - Rx-Rx (matomato), TX-TX (kōwhai).
• hono katoa atu i roto i te ara ano e rite ana i runga.

Aha ki te whakaaro

I roto i tenei kaupapa titau hoki ōrite paparanga 5 wae TTL Arduino, me 3.3 volts runga ESP8266, engari kia pai te mahi pera.

A, no te hono ki ESP8266 Arduino taea te rite rawa ki te regulator ngaohiko, e kore pato te nāianei e hiahiatia ana e te mo ESP8266, rite ki te hua, i mua i te whakahohe koe i te reira, e hiahia ana koe ki te tirohia ki datashipom ki te tetahi whakamahia koe. Kaua e tamata ki te hono i tetahi atu huānga mana kai ki ESP8266, rite kia arahi tenei ki te meka e te hanga-i roto i te ngaohiko regulator Arduino kore noa.

Ano, i reira he tetahi hoahoa hononga ESP8266 ko Arduino, e whakamahi SoftSerial. Mai te tere tauranga SoftSerial whare pukapuka rite ki te 115200, he tiketike rawa, a kore e taea te kī e kore e tūtohu mahi pūmau, tenei tikanga hononga ki te whakamahi i, ahakoa i reira e ētahi wā i roto i nei mahi reira ko te tino pūmau.

Hononga mā RaspberryPi

Ki te kore koe e whai i tetahi pūtahuri katoa USB-TTL, i roto i taua take ka taea e koe te whakamahi i RaspberryPi. I roto i tenei take, he tata ōrite mō te hōtaka ESP8266 me te hononga, engari i konei ehara i te mea na watea, a ato'a ka hiahia ki te whakamahi i te kai i rite te stabilizer i 3.3 volts.

Hei tīmata Rx, TX me GND to tatou pūrere ki te hono ESP8266, VCC me GND, me tango atu te supply mana whakaritea, tatau i runga i 3.3 volts. Here, kia utua tokanga makehe ki te meka e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga i te hononga o ngā pūrere GND, e ko, te RaspberryPi stabilizer me ESP8266. Ki te hanga ki tō pūrere tauira regulator taea te tu ki runga ki te 300 mA o kawenga atu, ka ko tino noa te hononga ESP8266, engari te mahi reira katoa i to koutou ake tūpono.

whirihora i te tautuhinga

A, no te matau koutou e founga ki te hono ESP8266, e hiahia ana koe ki te kia e te whakaturia te atekōkiri mo tō pūrere ake tika, kia i honoa te tauranga rangatū mariko hou ki te pūnaha. He ka Me ki te whakamahi i te hōtaka - Serial Port Kāpeka. I roto i te parau tumu, e taea te whaipainga tiki tetahi ki tou reka, engari kia matau koutou tika e kia whai tetahi kapa e ka tonoa koe ki te tauranga rangatū, i roto i te mutunga autō pūāhua CR + LF.

whakamahi tika whānui CoolTerm ESPlorer me taputapu, hanga te muri e taea e kore ki te tomo ESP8266 te AT whakahau i runga i to ratou ake, a ka homai tenei māmā ki te mahi ki te hōtuhi Lua raro NodeMCU, kia ngāwari taea te whakamahi i te reira rite te kāpeka paerewa.

Hoki te hononga tonu ki te tauranga rangatū ka whai ki te mahi i te rota o te mahi, no te mea he te nuinga kehekehe te mārō mo te ESP8266 a taea te kawea whakahohenga atu i kīia e rerekē. Hei whakatau i runga i te kōwhiringa pai, ka hiahia koe ki te haere i roto i toru ngā kōwhiringa taketake: 9600, 57600 me 115200.

Me pēhea te ki te kōmaka i roto i?

Hei tīmata, te hono i te pūmanawa kāpeka ki te tauranga rangatū o te tawhā mariko whaki 9600 8N1, ka noho i te tautuhi kōwae tonu, whakihauā CH_PD (maramara taea ai) o te kaha, a ka whakahohe ano reira, distorting CH_PD. Ka taea hoki te noho i te ara iahiko poto ki te hurihia te tautuhi anō ki tīmata anō te kōwae me te mau i te raraunga i roto i te tauranga.

Ko te pūrere arahina tuatahi ki te kia whakaaturia i roto i te ara ano rite whakaaturia i roto i te whakaahuatanga o te tikanga whakaū. kia mau koe ano te huinga kāpeka o pūāhua rerekē e ka mutu ki te rite, a ki te kahore e reira, anō ki te kāpeka tū i te tere rerekē, aru e te anō o te kōwae.

A, no te kite koe i tetahi o nga kōwhiringa homai tere raina, e taea te whakaaro rite he kōwae mō te mahi.

Me pēhea te ki te whakahōu i mārō?

I muri tāuta koe i te ESP8266, te hono i te pūrere e he torutoru noa hēkona, a ka ka waiho reira rite ki te whakapai ake i tō mārō. Hei tāuta pūmanawa hou e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi i muri.

Ki te timata, tikiake te putanga mārō hou i te pae mōhiohio, ka tīkina he taputapu mō te whakauru ana. Here, kia hoatu tokanga makehe ki he aha te whakahaere pūnaha tāuta te i runga i te mīhini e rere ESP8266. Hono whakaaro Kei te pai whakamana ki te pūnaha pakeke Windows 7.

Hoki paerewa OS Windows he reira tino pai ki te whakamahi i tētahi hōtaka i huaina XTCOM UTIL, i te mea rawa watea i te mahi, ki te he tetahi anake te kōnae te mārō. kia karanga te kōwhiringa maha-atamira pai te esptool whaipainga, e, Heoi, titau mo te atua maori, me te hiahia ki te tautuhi i te tawhā o te rārangi whakahau. I tua atu, i roto i ngā mahi matua hononga ESP8266 taea ki a koe kia wa te Download Tool Flash hōtaka, e kua he maha makona nui o tautuhinga, me te he hangarau watea ki te tāuta mārō i ngā kōnae maha.

Next, momotu koutou hōtaka kāpeka i te tauranga rangatū, me te momotu tino i te mains CH_PD, GPIO0 hono te kōwae ki GND, a ka taea te hoki mai CH_PD hoki. I roto i te mutunga, tika tīmata i te hōtaka mo te mārō kōwae me te uta i ratou i roto i te tānga ESP8266.

I roto i te nuinga rawa o ngā take kei te utaina te mārō ki te kōwae i te tere i roto i te rohe o 115.200, engari he mea i te aratau motuhake whakarato tohatoha aunoa o te tere, kia e taea te kawea te mārō i roto i i te tere o te neke atu i 9600, whakahōu i te mahi e wātea ana ESP8266. Kei te whakamahia Arduino mō te hononga USB-TTL ranei - e kore e tākaro i te wāhi motuhake konei, he ti'aturi i runga i te roa o te waea e whakamahia ana e te pūtahuri, me te maha o ētahi atu āhuatanga te rohe tere.