Ko te rārangi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere: āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga me arotake

I teie mahana, tonu taunekeneke he wahi nui o te taupori o te ao ki te rorohiko, te tangata mahia mahi, kei te rapu te tangata mo te mōhiohio online, me te tangata tika ki te noho wa i roto i te kēmu. he te katoa ratou ake hiahia, e te tikanga kia whakatau ia ratou te rorohiko. A, ki te e korero tatou e pā ana ki te "pūmārō" (te wahi hangarau o te rorohiko), ka ko atu iti iho ranei mārama katoa: te hōu te pai. Otiia i konei "Softovaya" (pūmanawa) wahi, titau tokanga makehe.

Ia rorohiko rere i te pūnaha mahi ngā, o nei he maha nui, ia o nei te mea e tika ana mō ngā mahi rerekē, ngā taputapu e wātea ana, a na i runga i. Na reira, ko te take nui ko te pai rawa o te pūnaha whakahaere.

He he rawa te rārangi nui o ngā pūnaha whakahaere, engari i roto i tenei tuhinga ka arotahi tatou i runga i nga pou e toru, nui te awe te ahumahi me ni'ai te wahi nui o ngā pūnaha whakahaere katoa: Windows, MacOS ko Linux.

pūnaha whakahaere kamupene

Tuatahi, kia whakamārama a e reira ko te pūnaha mahi kamupene, te hunga i horapa raihana o te kaiwhakanao. Ko ētahi o ēnei pūnaha whakahaere te Windows, te rārangi o nei whakatakotoria i roto i raro, a MacOS. Ahakoa te meka e taea te tiki pūnaha e rua i te tukutuku (tahae) i te tika ki te hoko i te raihana i te kamupene-distributor me whakahohe reira.

Ko te painga o enei pūnaha ko to ratou whanaketanga, he nui nui o te pūmanawa kounga me te tautoko mātau hangarau, e ka tauturu i roto i te take o te ohotata.

Ko te pūnaha whakahaere "free"

Ēnei wāhi ngā tata katoa te whānau Linux, te kore pea etahi whanaketanga ki kaute atu pūmanawa ngaio ranei. Ka taea te tikiake ēnei pūnaha whakahaere tino noa, me te tāuta i te reira i runga i tetahi rorohiko, kahore he twinge o hinengaro.

E hanga taua pūnaha e ngā motuhake, tahi ki te hapori, reira, i roto i nuinga o te wā rau te kounga o ngā hōtaka nui ki te kia hiahiatia, engari he haumaru ake me rere pūmau o ratou whakataetae kamupene taua pūnaha.

Windows

Tino katoa e kua tonu i ki te mahi ki te rorohiko mohio e pā ana ki tenei hua ki Microsoft. I roto i te ngā āwangawanga reira tukunga sverhuspeshnyh o Windows 7. He Microsoft he rārangi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere i te tatini whakatupuranga. He tino rongonui katoa i runga i te ao ratou me hipokina tata 90% o te mākete. Ko ta e pā ana ki te kaiārahi inä.

Rārangi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere Windows:

• Windows XP;
• Windows Vista;
• Windows 7;
• Windows 8;
• Windows 10;

Rārangi āta tīmata ki Windows XP, mai i te mea te putanga matamua, noho i roto i te te whakamahi noa tenei ra.

Pūnaha Whakaritenga Windows 10 (te tuku hou):

• Hei mahi e hiahiatia ana ki te kore te auautanga iti iho i te 1000 MHz.
• 1 GB RAM (bit-32) RAM ranei 2 kikapaita (64 moka).
• ROM 16 kikapaita (32 moka) 20 gigabytes ROM (bit-64) ranei.
• Hoki, e hiahiatia ana mo te pūnaha te kāri whakairoiro GPU e tautoko ana DirectX 9 hangarau ranei.

Painga o te pūnaha:

1. Te wātea. Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere i runga i tetahi rorohiko, ahakoa o kaiwhakanao.
2. Ko te maha o ngā hōtaka. Neke atu i te te hītori roa o te tūāpapa ko te hōtaka nui pātengi raraunga me tono e mahi tonu (ara te hunga e kua whakapumautia i runga i te 10 matahiti i ma'iri a'e).
3. kēmu tautoko Kounga. E Microsoft i to ratou tikanga i te whakatutukitanga petipeti tino matatau katoa, tuku ki reira rere i runga i to ratou pūnaha, te kēmu tino matatau.
4. Tautoko mō te pūmanawa motuhake. kua meinga Windows te paerewa ao, a reira maha hōtaka me tono anake te mahi ki runga ki taua mea. Ki te hunga ngā pēke kaute ranei tono a te kiritaki. Kei te maha tuhia ano te reira i te faufaa o Microsoft Office, i te mea e tika anake mahi i runga i Windows.

Huakore o te pūnaha:

1. Ko te nui o huaketo. kihai i te rongonui o tenei tūāpapa i roto i te noa. e kore te mahi i raro i tetahi pūnaha whakahaere e kore i hanga rite nui huaketo rite i rere ratou i raro i Windows. kua ki te tango i te tiaki o ratou haumaru, te hoko nga wheori me te pūmanawa haumaru te kaiwhakamahi.
2. mahi iu. Kia aroha mai, te Windows, tipu i whakatupuranga ki whakatupuranga, engari riro kaha hou, kahore te pae whakakahoretia o paru. Mai i riro uaua tenei reira, i reira e nui ake hapa i roto i te waehere. I te tahi taime e mahi i te pūnaha unpredictably a taea mahi "mate."
3. whakahōunga tamau. Na roto i te tāuta i te Windows, kia kia mataara ki te taea e ka whakahoutia reira rawa maha, a kahore tonu mo te pai. Ae, kua hāngai whakahōunga katoa i te whakapai ake i te wheako kaiwhakamahi me te tiaki, engari i roto i te hono mo'oní, kia te whakahou tūkino i tō rorohiko ranei tino whakaiti i mahi. I tua atu, kua whakahoutia te pūnaha, i waho tono te kaiwhakamahi ahakoa hiahia ia ki te kore ranei, pera kia hinengaro rite ki te ngaro to koutou mahi no te mea o te papaki i muri.
4. Ko te hiahia hoki atekōkiri - tetahi pūrere e hiahia ana koe ki te hono atu ki te rorohiko, kia reira he kāmera he atekōkiri pūreretā ka tono ranei, kahore nei, te nuinga pea, e kore e mahi i te reira.

Kua tonu kua Kehena, whakaaro e pā ana ki Windows. amuamu te tangata o wheori tamau me ngā, kahore he tangata makona ki te whakamohoa. Te tangata i runga i te anga ke whakamoemiti hua Microsoft tika ki tona kaha ki te mahi ki te Office.

I roto i te whānui, i te hua ko te nuinga tūturu e tika ana. titau Windows te hunga mahi ki te pūmanawa motuhake, Microsoft Office, ka nui i roto i ngā kēmu rorohiko hou.

MacOS

Iti noa, engari atu hua-kounga tiketike i hanga e Apple. MacOS whakamanamana te wahi tano o 9%. Tenei āhuatanga pakeke-patu no te MacOS anake mahi i raro i te mana o te Mac.

Ko te rārangi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere, MacOS:

• OS X Mavericks;
• OS X Yosemite;
• OS X El Capitan;
• MacOS Sierra.

whakaritenga pūnaha MacOS Sierra OS (te tuku hou):

• iMac (tukua i roto i te mutunga o 2009 hōu ranei);
• Book Mac (12-inihi, tukua i roto i te tīmatanga o 2015 ranei i muri mai);
• Mac Book Pro (tukua i roto i te mutunga o 2010 hōu ranei);
• Mac Book Air (tukua i roto i te mutunga o 2009 hōu ranei);
• Mac Mini (tukua i roto i te tīmatanga o 2010 ranei i muri mai);
• Mac Pro (tukua i roto i te mutunga o 2010 hōu ranei).

titau hoki te pūnaha tetahi o nga rorohiko runga ake.

Painga o te pūnaha:

1. Pūmautanga me te haumaru. Apple hua i mohiotia tonu hoki to ratou haumarutanga me te pūmautanga. Rorohiko he okotahi me te ki outdo tetahi pūnaha whakataetae. I raro i MacOS hanga he momo o taputapu ki te tiaki me te here e ārai i te kino ki te kaiwhakamahi mutunga. Ano, i raro i te pūnaha hanga reira matara iti huaketo.
2. He kaipuke faahiahia o te pūmanawa kounga. I roto i te MacOS taunoa integrated mōkihi "pūmanawa" hiahiatia mō te mahi hua me te auaha. Ko te rārangi o ngā tono mō te hōtaka pūnaha tuhi whakahaere tomo tuhipoka, tirotiro tukutuku, hanga kiriata, te ranu ara, tuhi, me te pera i runga i. Ko nga ngā o te AppStore, i roto i te rerekē ki te hunga i runga i Windows, e petipeti i runga i te kounga me te mahara, kaua ki te mua.
3. taunekeneke pūnaha ki te "rino". pūnaha whakahaere MacOS te "whakakoi" ki te mahi ki te whānuitanga kuiti o taputapu, reira, rere reira mania, me te tōtika. He trackpad tautoko matatau. Tata mahi tetahi taputapu, kahore taraiwa.
4. iCloud. rorohiko o Apple, me ētahi atu hua o te kamupene, tukutahi tonu ki te kapua iCloud. Ko tenei ki te tiaki i tetahi raraunga rongoa i runga i te rorohiko, ka puritia ki runga ki te rā i runga i o koutou whakaaro katoa.

Huakore o te pūnaha:

1. Expensiveness. Ko te pūnaha whakahaere ano he utu, engari reira anake mahi i runga i te Mac, i, i roto i te tahuri, he obscenely utu.
2. kēmu iti. Gamers te tikanga e kore e tika ki te titiro ki MacOS, rite te maha o ngā kēmu, ki te hoatu i te reira oangé, kei te te mamae. E kore e taea e koe te whakahaere i tetahi hua petipeti hou, rite ratou noa e kore e urutau i runga i te Mac, no te mea o tona muna me te tohatoha ngoikore.
3. wāhanga pakihi ngoikore. e kore ko Mac noa rawa i roto i te taiao rangatōpū, rawa i roto i Russia, koia ko reira tata e taea ki te kitea te pūmanawa e tika ana. Organizations nuinga hanga hua mo Windows.

Te nuinga o rangatira aroha ratou Mac OS, whakamoemiti hoki te huinga nui o ngā hōtaka, me te mahi pūmau. Kihai i rite ki MacOS te nuinga piri o Windows mo ona whāititanga pohewa me te utu nui o Apple rorohiko.

he e tika ana mō te hunga katoa nei tikanga e pā ana ki auaha te pūnaha. kaiwaiata reira, kaiwhakahaere, me te ara kairīpoata.

Linux

I te free pūnaha mahi Linux ko te wahi iti rawa o te mākete rorohiko. kati ia te rārangi ingoa o ngā pūnaha whakahaere PC ki te wahi o te 1%. Ahakoa tenei, i te pūnaha ko te rangatira mākete i roto i ngā pūrere pūkoro me te tono i runga i te tūmau.

Rārangi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere Linux:

• Fedora;
• Ubuntu;
• Mint;
• OpenSUSE;
• Gentoo;
• Arch;
• Slackware.

He rangirua pūnaha whakahaere whakaritenga pūnaha Linux. taputapu Hangarau hiahiatia ana ki te whakahaere i te pūnaha rerekē nui, no te mea he pūkenga te tūāpapa me te taea te haaputuhia mo tetahi "mīhini".

Painga o te pūnaha:

1. Rehe me te utu. mahi ana te pūnaha i runga i nga mea katoa, mooni. Kei te maha whakamahia te reira i roto i te raki, i roto i ngā pūtahi mātauranga. Ae, he piki noa, me te i runga i rorohiko kāinga, e tika ana ki tona urutanga. he free, me te nuinga o nga tono mo reira te pūnaha.
2. tautoko hapori. pūnaha whakahaere e hāngai ana i runga i Linux e Kei te mahi tuwhera puna me ngā ki runga ki a ratou taimaha, e whakaiti i te taumata o tuma huaketo, tere ake te ako o nga mea katoa o ngā hapa, a te tikanga kua he pānga pai i runga i te whanaketanga o te pūnaha.
3. Tere. Linux, pea, te pūnaha tino undemanding. Tei runga i te "taiao" (Atanga pūnaha) me te tohatoha (pūnaha iho), ka taea ki te whakatutuki i te mahi nui rawa i runga i te ngoikore "mihini."

Huakore o te pūnaha:

1. Incompatibility ki Windows. Tata he anake te faaauraa ki Windows, te kupu nui hoki iho i roto i te kounga katoa o te pūmanawa. Ko te taua haere hoki kēmu.
2. Ko te hiahia ki te whakawhanake i te kāpeka. Ka taea te mahi ki te whakahaere pūnaha atanga kaiwhakamahi whakairoiro, engari maoro, i reira ka waiho he hiahia ki te mahi tahi me te tauranga (mō te whakahaere pūnaha taputapu i roto i te aratau kuputuhi), a ka ako te mau parau tumu o te pūnaha, te kapa, te taketake o te hōtaka.
3. Incompatibility o taputapu. I roto i te aroaro o te whare o te pūreretā tawhito, he mea ka taea ki tata 100% tino mea e kore e tautoko i Linux ia.

Whakamoemiti te pūnaha, anake te hunga e e tino aroha o rorohiko me te hangarau mōhiohio, te hunga e rite ana ki te rummage i te pūnaha. maha amuamu kaiwhakamahi auau no te mea kahore he mea i roto i te pūnaha ki te mahi, te faaanaanataeraa.

OS Steam

Ko tētahi atu pūnaha pūmanawa, e kore te mea e tetahi mea, engari te anga ki Linux i takirere. E hāngai ana tēnei hua i gamers me turanga petipeti Steam.

Chrome OS

hua underdeveloped i Google, i te mea iti ki te tono Tukutuku me te pūtirotiro o te taua ingoa anake. e kore te ana tēnei pūnaha konkuretosposobnoy whakaritea ki Windows me te Mac, engari kua hanga ki te kanohi ki te heke mai, ka e whakakapi i te atanga tukutuku te "tūturu" pūmanawa. Ko te taunoa te tautuhinga i runga i ngā rorohiko katoa Chromebook.

Tāutanga o ngā pūnaha maha, me te whakamahi o mihini mariko

Mai he ona pai me ngā raruraru ia pūhara, i reira he maha he hiahia ki te mahi tahi me te maha. E mōhio o tenei ngā o rorohiko, reira, whakahere kaiwhakamahi te kaha ki te tāuta i te puku tika e rua ranei e toru ngā pūnaha.

Ko reira ohie. E titau te reira anake te pūnaha tohatoha (puku kōpae USB ranei flash utaina ki ratou rauemi ekeeke ana) me te wāhi noa i runga i te kōpae mārō. whakahere pūnaha whakahaere hou katoa i roto i te tāutanga tohatoha wāhi me ki te hanga i tētahi tikanga whawhai e whakaatu te rārangi o te pūnaha whakahaere, ina nga putu rorohiko. whakamana katoa i roto i te aratau āhua-aunoa, me te kaha o te tangata.

I te Apple rorohiko i he whaipainga motuhake - Bootcamp, kua hangaia nei mo te tāutanga ngāwari, me te tui o o Windows i muri ki te MacOS.

He he ara tetahi - ki te whakaturia te pūnaha mariko roto te tino. Hoki tenei whakaaro i te hōtaka: VMware ko VirtualBox, taea ki te pee i te rorohiko ki tonu, me te rere i te pūnaha whakahaere.

hei utu o te mutunga

E kore te te rārangi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere whāiti ki te rorohiko i runga ake. He nui o ngā hua i kamupene rerekē, engari he ratou rawa motuhake, me te e kore e tika i te aro o te kaiwhakamahi toharite. hanga te kōwhiringa kei waenganui i te Windows, MacOS ko Linux, kia ratou e taea te ārai te nuinga o nga hiahia, me te ohie nui ki te ako.