HangangaPūtaiao

Ko te pūnaha circulatory o kararehe rite ki te hua o te whanaketanga kunenga o te ao

Kua haere te pūnaha circulatory o kararehe i te ara roa o te hanganga i te akoranga o te whanaketanga kunenga o te ao. I hanga e te reira i roto i te wahi o nga wahi fare tuatahi o te kōhao tinana, i kua i roto i te kararehe teitei kua mamingatanga tsellomom kōhao tinana tuarua ranei. I roto i ontogeny kua riro te pūnaha circulatory o kararehe i te tūranga ao ki te mahi, ara te whakawhitinga o ngā matūkai, te hāora, hua pūkoro, hormones me ētahi atu āhuatanga biologically nui. Ko te kupu, ko reira he pūnaha faufaa tuitui o te rauropi ora, e whakarite tona tapatahi.

Ki tonu i āu ake pūnaha circulatory, kua taratahi kaipūtaiao pērā kararehe i tahito ra rite nemerteans, annelids, echinoderms, mollusks me ngā ngārara, e ko, te akomanga e pā ana ki te momo o te hätaretare. ko te tino tahito ratou hanganga tupuna noa o te pūnaha circulatory - he āputa pūnaha iti, ko te kōhao kahore pūtau epithelial, e kore nei e i whakapumautia te ahunga o te rere toto. He Modern parau tumu hanganga hātaretare o te pūnaha circulatory ano rawa tahito: e rua oko ahopou matua - te teka ventral me hikumārō i runga, me raro i te whēkau, aua. A tuati-e hake oko toto e taupoki ana me te whēkau i roto i te whakakai whai manga maha ki nga whekau o te tinana, me te taupoki. I te wa ano, he āhuatanga o te mahi o te pūnaha, ko e neke te toto o te oko ventral hoki me i te hoki - i mua. whakaratohia puku Toto mahi e hukihuki naki o te rohe hikumārō oko.

I roto i te kunenga mai o te pūnaha reretoto o kararehe ake te i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi no te akomanga katoa. e kore te tōna whanaketanga ahu i te pūnaha tino iaia o hātaretare. E whakamārama ana tēnei tona āhuatanga mahi matua: te aroaro o te uaua pumanawa okana, i huaina te ngakau e puta i roto i chordates tahito whakaritea māngai - i roto i cyclostomes. Ano, ko te kaupapa o te toto puta whai i te oko ventral mua, a ki runga ki te hoki - hoki.

Ko te pūnaha circulatory o vertebrates he mahere hanganga kotahi, te whīwhiwhi me te tino o e puta āta i runga i te tukanga whanaketanga. Otiia i kore hanganga whanaketanga katoa aromorphoses, arā, ahu whakamua huringa morphological me whaiaroaro. e kore e taea te whakaaro te matatini te whakanui ake o te whakahaere i te hanganga ranei āhuatanga ahu whakamua o te huringa e ka meinga e te kararehe, kua riro te reira atu tino. I roto i te panoni whanaketanga o te chordates pūnaha circulatory ko aromorphosis undoubted te whanaketanga o te ngakau i roto i te māngai tino tawhito, me te te whakakahanga o tona mahi, me te hanganga o te pūnaha circulatory kati i roto i te piha haapiiraa jawed. Ko reira ano hoki aromorphoses nui whakaaro huringa o nga oko matua o te ngakau, me te i roto i te wehenga o te rere, me te venous toto matua i roto i ngokingoki, manu me kararehe.

Ko te pūnaha circulatory o kararehe i hanga te ngakau, me te toto oko. Heart - he okana uaua tuwhera e rere te toto i roto i te oko, te kutētē ia. Mai ia whekau katoa nga nuku toto i roto i nga pera, me whekau i te ngakau - i roto i tona uaua. Heart i roto i ngā akomanga rerekē o vertebrates taea e rua reo (i cyclostomes) me dvukamernym (ika), e toru-chambered (amphibians, mea ngokingoki) me te-chambered wha (manu me kararehe). Ko te kupu, ko te tinana o te ngakau kia whakatau i te tohu o te pākia e basal o te rauropi, me taea te wahia ki kararehe poikilothermic me kararehe mahana te toto. I roto i te chordates i tahito ra, tonu e noho ana i roto i te wai, te parau tumu māmā o whakahaere o te pūnaha circulatory - kua reira kotahi tohanga. kararehe Tukua i runga i te whenua titau pākia atu kaha, āhuatanga e te ahua o te respiration pūkahukahu, me rite ki te hua, te takanga o te tohanga tuarua, e te kawenga mō te utu hau toto i roto i te pūkahukahu. He uaua ki te whakarite i te pūnaha circulatory o te kararehe, tahi ki te wehenga oti o te tohanga nahanaha, Kei te āhuatanga i reira e ngakau-chambered wha, me te wātea o ngā porowhita atu, pērā i te ewe, me te ngakau tūturu o Willis porohita o tohanga toto.

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