Ko te hītori o te hākoritanga i Russia

Well, ko wai e kore e rite pakiwaituhi? Na kua whakawhanakehia te ahumahi ki te whānuitanga taua e te pakiwaituhi i te pānga motuhake me whakairoiro, he reira ētahi wā uaua ki te mahara roa-tu "flat" kiriata ki iti-te kounga whakaaturanga, i waho katoa o pānga, pērā i, 3D. e kore e matau tamariki o teie mahana te auraa ki pūāhua cartoon i o paru e pā ana ki te tikaokao ki te tīhi te tikanga o pakiwaituhi poto ohie ki te puawai ahua mangu me paku reo muffled o nga pūāhua, engari e pā ana ki tetahi mea ki te mea i te filmstrips i!

Ko te hītori o te hākoritanga - ko tetahi noa taahiraa o te kiriata, no te mea i te pakiwaituhi tīmata i whakaaro kinozhanrov motuhake. Na ka tupu te reira ahakoa te meka e he iti noa i te ki te peita i te pakiwaituhi kiriata.

Cartoons nama tatou Hohepa Plateau

Ka rite ki tetahi atu hītori, i te hītori o te hākoritanga me te hākoritanga kua ona piki me ngā heke, mua, me te stagnation roa. Heoi, ko te meka reira he ngā e whakawhanakehia te hanga o pakiwaituhi tata tonu ka tonu ki te rave i te reira noa nei. Ko te hītori o te putanga o te hākoritanga e pā ana ki te ingoa o te pūtaiao Beletita Hohepa Plateau. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i te 1832 i hanga he ha'uti i huaina stroboscope. Ko reira pea e timata matou tamariki ki te tākaro ki te ha'uti i roto i te ao i teie mahana, engari ko nga tamariki a te taua whakangahau rautau 19 i ki ratou matua. I tono te kōpae flat i tuhi, hei tauira rere hoiho (rite ko te mania), me te bit muri rerekē i te tetahi o mua, e ko te raupapa o drawings tohu ana i te mahi kararehe i te peke. A, no te te hurihuri te kōpae, te ongo o te whakapakoko neke.

Ko te whakanui tuatahi

Otiia kahore he mea pehea pakeke Hohepa Plateau whakapai ake tona tāutanga, ki te hanga i te pakiwaituhi tonu-parirau rahua ia. hoatu ana e ia ara ki te Wīwī Emilyu Reyno, nana nei i hanga te pūrere rite i huaina praxinoscope, i ngā o te rango pani ki reira pērā i ngā tauira āpitihanga rite i roto i te stroboscope.

Ko te kupu ka timata te hītori o hākoritanga. Kua i te mutunga o te rau tau 17, i whakaturia te Wīwī te whare tapere whatu iti, te wahi whakakitea e ia tonutia ana katoa whakaaturanga kōmeke o 15 meneti i roto i te roa. Neke atu i te wa, puta ke te whakato i ki te tāpiri i te pūnaha o whakaata me rama, o te akoranga, kua kawea mai nei e, te ao ki te taua pānga mīharo, rite ki te pakiwaituhi.

Animation tonu nga tekau tau tuatahi o tona ora ki te whakawhanake i roto i France, me te whare matakitaki, me te pikitia. kaiwhakahaere Famous Emil haere katoa te kaiwhakaari rongonui ki te whakakore ngā, engari tonu mau he pakiwaituhi ano ia, a ka i roto i 1908 ia "peita" tona cartoon tuatahi. Hei whakatutuki i talena, whakamahia Kohl nga pikitia me rubbings ngā i te natura, engari tonu ko tona tamaiti ake ano he pukapuka kōmeke i roto i te nekehanga, nui atu i runga i te kiriata.

Kaiwhakarite kanikani o te whare tapere - te kaiwhakarewa o hākoritanga i Russia

Ko te kau taki Russian i te mara o te pakiwaituhi, kua whakawhiti ratou ki te pakiwaituhi taumata hou, i teie nei i roto i te tūranga o te pūāhua i hurio. Heoi ka hanga te pakiwaituhi motu tuatahi i roto i 1906, i nei timata te hītori o te hākoritanga i Russian. Alexander Shiryaev, ori ariki o te Mariinsky Theatre, kua eke te pakiwaituhi, te mahi o nei i riro 12 tangata tare kanikani.

kiriata poto tuhia i runga i te kiriata i roto i te whanui o te 1.5 cm, ko mahi a te kaimahi rawa. Hoki e toru nga marama, rere atu i te kāmera ki te tauākī rawa Alexander kia maha e ara pania he kohao i roto i te patunga witi. Kua Shiryaev kore noa neke tare i runga i te mata rite te kehua, he ratou ora, tarapekepeke, takahuri i roto i te rangi, me te mahi kaupapa e whakaponohia. hītori mohiotia me multipliers kore tonu e taea e vete te ngaro o tenei pūāhua mahi. Ko nga mea katoa e mea koutou, me te hītori o motu hākoritanga - ko te uaua, me te nui, na e kore e tonu ara nga tohunga tino matatau taea ki te mahino kakato nga parau tumu o te mahi o te pūrere.

Vladislav Starevich - kanapa "huru" o te hākoritanga Russian

History o te hākoritanga e pā ana ki te ingoa o pūtaiao Wīwī me kaiwhakahaere. Ko rite Vladislav Starevich te "hipi mangu" i roto i te tangata ke, no te mea i roto i te tau 1912 ka haere ia ki runga ki te tino 3D-hākoritanga! No, e kore kua ano tae te hītori o hākoritanga Russian te wāhi i reira e atamai nui ki te kakahu mōhiti motuhake iwi, i hanga te tangata i te waituhi karetao roa. Ko te pango, me te ma, ke, me te ara wehiwehi, no te mea ki te hanga i te pūāhua ataahua ki ona ringa ake ko te bit uaua.

huaina tenei pakiwaituhi i "Ataahua Lyukanida, ranei War o hata, me te barbel", te ngā tino ko e whakamahia Vladislav Starevich pepeke i roto i tona mahi, kahore i nei maere, rite ko ia tino aroha o enei mea. Ko te timata ki tenei tangata pakiwaituhi ki tikanga, no te mea ua ite Starevich e kore e whakangahau anake te kiriata, engari ano hoki ki te whai i etahi ahua o te kupuroto. A pono, i hapu tona kiriata rite etahi akoranga i runga i te koiora o te ngarara, e kore ia i mahara ki te whakanui, i e hanga he mahi o te toi.

kotahi anake kihai i "Lyukanide" Starevich mutu, i muri i hanga e ia nga pakiwaituhi o tito, inaianei ka anga ratou ki te rite te ahua o te patupaiarehe-tales.

hōtaka Soviet

timata te hītori o te hākoritanga Soviet i roto i 1924, ka te studio tenei ra e kaingäkautia "Kultkino" Kua whakaputaina torutoru toi he maha nui o pakiwaituhi waituhi. I roto ia ratou i "te mahi Tiamana me take", "Soviet Taonga tākaro", "Incident i Tokyo" me etahi atu. Kei te tino nui haere te auau o te hanganga o tetahi o te waituhi, ki te he marama hoki kotahi kaupapa te pakiwaituhi mua, kua heke nei te reira ki te wā o te 3 wiki (uaua atu). I meatia tenei te mea o te pakaruhanga i roto i te toi. Kua i Artists tauira flat, e whakaora wa, me te hanga i te tukanga o te hanga i te kiriata iti te wā e kai ana. hoatu Animation i te wa i te ao he maha nui o pakiwaituhi e te hunga o te faufaa rahi i roto i Russia kore anake, engari te ao ano hoki.

Alexander Ptushko

whai wāhi hoki tenei tangata ki te whanaketanga o to tatou hākoritanga. Na roto i te mātauranga ko ia he kaihoahoa, a kua mahi i roto i te mara o te engineering aunoa. Otira ka ka ia ki te "Mosfilm", ua ite ahau e te hanga o te karetao hākoritanga ko tona karangatia. I reira i taea e ki te kawe ki te ora, me ana pūkenga hoahoanga ia, a ka awhinatia te hanga i tētahi turanga hangarau pai ki te kiriata studio Russian rongonui.

riro ia ngā rongonui i muri i te hanganga o te "New Gulliver" cartoon i roto i te tau 1935. No, e kore e whakakikorua reira kuputuhi i runga i te kaupapa, ko reira he ahua o pänga ki "Travels o Gulliver" i roto i te ara i te Soviet Union. A he aha te mea mahi tino nui, me te hou i roto i Ptushko - i taea ki te whakakotahi tohutohu tino rerekē e rua i roto i te ahumahi kiriata ia: Cartoon me mahi. Na i roto i te pakiwaituhi puta tare kare, papatipu, riro kitea mahi mahi e te ruānuku. haamata te hītori o hākoritanga mō ngā tamariki ki te pūāhua pai, me te ataahua ko te Countdown i runga i Ptushko.

Maoro, ka ia kaiwhakahaere o te hou studio "Soyuzdetmultfilm" pakiwaituhi, engari te hopoia i muri i te i mahue tona pou, ka mohiotia tona mahi pakiwaituhi te anake e mutu te reira. faaoti Alexander ki horo'a ia ki te kiriata. Otiia i roto i ana mahi kiriata muri, whakamahia ia te "maramara" hākoritanga.

Walt Disney, me tona "takoha"

Huri i te reira i roto i, i hanga te hītori o te hākoritanga i Russia, a tipu i roto i mongamonga kore anake e kairangahau Russian, pūtaiao, me te pā o pakiwaituhi, Walt Disney ia i hoatu e te hakari kiriata Moscow he pohehe katoa o te kounga kiriata pania ki te cartoon tino katoa e pā ana ki te pai Mickey Mouse tawhito. To tatou kaiwhakahaere kiriata motu Fyodor Khitruk i na maere i te auau anga maeneene me te inconspicuous me te kounga o te tuhi, ua ite ahau e hiahia ana tatou i te taua! Heoi, i roto i Russia reira i anake karetao ki te hoatu i te reira oangé, tākaro marutuna. I roto i te hononga ki te hiahia ki te whakapai ake i te studio i hanga ai, i te Soviet pai-mohiotia me tamariki pou-Soviet - "Soyuzmultfilm".

"Soyuzmultfilm" - koroingo Corporation

I roto i te 1935, te kitenga o matou pakiwaituhi e ko te reira te wa e ki te tahi mea i roto i ngā whakaahua te ora cartoon huri, te reira te wā ki te maka i aua tare tawhito, me te timata ki te whai wāhi i roto i nga mea nui. Te whakakotahi i te maha o ngā tari iti marara huri noa te motu, i ki te hanga i tētahi mahi nui-tauine, he maha fakaanga tautohe e haamata te aamu o te hākoritanga ki tenei kau i roto i to tatou whenua. Ko te mahi studio tuatahi tino hōhā no te mea i kanga ki te whanaketanga o te ahu whakamua i roto i Europe ratou, engari i te 1940, tohunga i Leningrad ki Moscow oho Union. Heoi, ara i muri e, kahore pai tupu mai timata te whawhai, whakahaere katoa i te tohu mārama - ki te whakaara i te wairua tāmau whenua o te iwi.

I muri i te whawhai, i reira ko he ara koi i roto i te taumata o te hanga o pakiwaituhi. E kore te kaimātaki i te kite i te huringa mua o pikitia, me te kore nga karetao mua me pūāhua kiko, me whakaaro ngā. I tutuki tenei katoa i roto i te whakamahi o te taputapu hou, kua kï hoa American Walt Disney, me tona studio. Hei tauira, i roto i te 1952 i hanga nga Engineers rite te taua kāmera rite te "Disney" studio. Hei waihanga huarahi hou o pihinga (pānga stereoscopic) ka kawea ki te automatism o te tawhito. I tenei wāhi, tango pakiwaituhi i runga i tona kiri hou, hei utu o tamariki whakaarokore "kinoshek" puta me te whakangungu ki etahi overtones o te mahi. I tua atu ki kiriata poto, koperea he-roa tonu pakiwaituhi waituhi, pērā i "Te Kuini Snow". I roto i te whānui, mai i te whakatūnga o "Soyuzmultfilm" hākoritanga me te kōrero tīmata i roto i Russia. Hoki ngā tamariki i roto i aua ra, i kite, me te ara i mauruuru i te kiriata iti poto noa huri iti.

1980-1990-s

I muri i te huringa o te aronga ite i roto i te hākoritanga e tīmata pakiwaituhi Soviet ki te tiki pai i te mutunga o 1970. Ko reira i roto i taua tekau tau i reira ko he taua cartoon pai-mohiotia rite "matuku i te kohu", i titiro, pea, tamariki katoa i whanau i mua i te 2000. Heoi, ngā mahi aranga ki motuhake taurea kitea i roto i te 80-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. I taua wa tae mai te pakiwaituhi kiriata rongonui e Kachanova Roma "te Mystery o te Planet Tuatoru". tupu tenei i roto i te 1981. riro tenei pikitia te ngakau o maha tama a te wa, a kahore e squeamish e pā ana ki te mātakitaki i te reira, ki te faitotonu pakeke. I roto i te taua tau whakaputaina e ia haere mai i te rongonui "kerepeti Crow" tohu ki te studio "Ekran" whakanui hou, Aleksandra Tatarskogo. He tau torutoru i muri hangaia e te mātanga taua he pakiwaituhi pakiwaituhi "te Ētahi atu taha o te marama," ko tona ingoa, me te maimoa ki te mohio he aha i reira kei runga i te tahi atu taha o te marama?

Ko paru - he reira anake "puawai", pera i roto i Sverdlovsk, whai wāhi i roto i te mahi pakiwaituhi o te whenua, i hanga kiriata unu te whakamahi i te karaihe. Katahi te kaitoi karaihe rongonui Alexander Petrov. I roto i enei peita karaihe - "Fairy Tale e pā ana ki te kotiro ngana", tukua i roto i te 1985.

Ko te mutunga o nga 1980, tohua e te whiu kino, me te taratara i roto i te whakaahuatanga o, te kounga rawakore o te whakapakoko, me te mahne katoa, e mea ohie ki te kite i te tauira o "te pōro tūhuratanga mata». Ko tenei ahua rite te mate, horahia i roto i te ao o te pakiwaituhi kāinga, torutoru toi kia whakakahoretia o te peu o te peita tāpiapia, ahakoa kia huaina ai te reira i kāhua takitahi i roto i te peita.

I roto i te 90 ka timata Russia ki te mahi ki tari ke, toi, me te haina kirimana ki tohunga ke hanga he pakiwaituhi roa-tonu. Tonu, noho nga toi tino tāmau whenua i te whare, me o ratou awhina, ka tonu hītori o te hākoritanga i roto i to tatou whenua.

hākoritanga tenei ra

I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union, e kore anake i roto i te ora o te whenua pihi raruraru, engari i roto i te hākoritanga ora tūturu. Te āhua e oti te hītori o hākoritanga mō ngā tamariki me te pakeke, kei te. Kua vai Studios roto i pānuitanga me whakahau onge anake. Otiia i taua wa he mahi, i whakawhiwhia te taonga ( "Te tangata Tahito me te Moana" me "a Winter Tale"). "Soyuzmultfilm" i ngaro ano hoki, hokona nga mana tika katoa ki pakiwaituhi me tino hinga te studio.

Otiia kua i roto i te 2002 Russia mo te wa tuatahi ki te whakamahi i te rorohiko ki te hanga i pakiwaituhi, a tae noa te wa "nuinga ki" i roto i te aamu o te hākoritanga, te mahi o pakiwaituhi Russian e whakapehapeha o wahi i roto i te whakataetae ao.

I roto i te 2006, anō hanga o pakiwaituhi i Russia, puta mai i roto i "Prince Vladimir", "Little Longnose". He studio hou "Mill" me "Whare Sunny".

Otiia tahuri reira i roto i taua ia wawe ki hari, no te mea i muri i te 3 tau i muri i te tukunga o te kiriata mōhiotia whakamutunga timata mangu raruraru karawarawa. i katia maha tari, a ka kua mutu te kāwanatanga ki te whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te pakiwaituhi Russian.

Na he tokomaha tuku studio kāinga koutou pakiwaituhi tino katoa, kōrero i ētahi wā e kore e pai i roto i te kiriata te mataaratanga, na to tatou ki te utu 2-3, a tae noa atu wahi. Ahakoa kore te rahunga i te hītori o te hākoritanga i Russia tūmanakohia.

Mea atu te aha rite koe, a tae noa pakeke aroha ki mataara ngā pakiwaituhi, a ētahi wā kia reira āta atu ratou tamariki, a katoa hoki pakiwaituhi hou kanapa, ngā me te rorirori. Ratou e kore inaianei e whakataurite ki te tamapua, i tae e papata, me te tahi atu pepeke. Otiia, i tetahi atamira, i runga i nei "piki" He mea nui te hītori o pakiwaituhi Russian, no te mea arahina ia o ratou ki te tino.