Ko te ara conductive matua o te ua

Hei whakahaere i te tinana katoa ranei okana ia takitahi, motor waka, e hiahiatia ana ara conductive o te ua. Ratou mahi matua, ko te ki te pini tuku, ka tonoa tangata te "rorohiko" ki te tinana, o te akoranga. Tetahi kore i roto i te tukanga o te te tuku tango he pini āhua kaungāongo'i pūpū ranei ranei, he mahi wehe ki pathologies nui, me te hauora, puta noa i te ora.

He aha e nga huarahi i roto i te roro, me te ua?

Pathways o te roro, me te ua mahi rite te hanganga neural matatini. I roto i te akoranga o ratou mahi mohio te kupu whakaari o puranga pākau i roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te mea hina. I roto i te meka, te ngātere e kaha ai tohu te tinana ki te mahi i runga i te roro karanga. He maha ngā rōpū o weu karere i runga i ngā āhuatanga e he ara taura conductive. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• raru ngä;
• ara herekore;
• tarakina here commissural.

I tua atu, rawatanga anō o conductors filosilivá necessitates wehe whakarōpū whai rite ki ai kia ratou:

• motor;
• pa ki.

tirohanga Tairongo me mahi nekeneke o te tangata

Ranei huarahi rongo tairongo ua me te roro e riro ei tuhaa papu o te kōrero i waenganui i te pūnaha tino matatini e rua i roto i te tinana. tonoa ratou he kupu whakaari rere totoa ki nga okana, kaka uaua, ringa me waewae. karere inamata o te tohu he pini - faufaa ki te whakatinanatanga o te nekehanga tinana tangata whakaae tahi-whakaritenga, whakamana i waho te tono o tetahi kaha matau. ka tono ngātere taea roro muka io ia ite i roto i te tikanga o te pa, te tikanga o te mamae, aratau pāmahana tinana, tahi, me te uaua motility.

ara Motor o te roro filosilivá whakatau i te kounga o te tauhohenga kahuki tangata. Whakarato i te kupu whakaari o tohu pini i te matenga ki te hopearaa hiwi me te pūnaha uaua pūpū, hoatu e ratou he tangata ki te kaha ki te mana-whaiaro pūkenga nekeneke - ruruku. i runga i enei huarahi kawenga mō te kukume i te tuku o ponana i te aronga o whekau ataata, me te māna hoki.

Kei hea ko te huarahi?

I muri te arotake i te huru kikokiko o te ua, me mahi koutou ki te meka i reira e kei te ara tino conductive o te ua, ka rite ki mahara tenei wā e ki maha weu karere me papanga. E whakanohoia ratou i roto i ngā matū faufaa motuhake: hina, me te ma. uho tūhonohono me haona filosilivá mahue me tuakoi tika, nga ara neural roto hononga whakarato whakapā i waenganui i nga wehenga raraunga e rua.

Ko te mahi o te whakahiko e te whekau tangata tino nui i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te whāinga tikanga i roto i tari motuhake. I roto i ngā, he taea nga ara conductive o te ua e kei roto i te pūwaha o runga me te matenga, whakaahuatia i roto i te taipitopito nui i roto i tenei ara:

1. hononga herekore - he momo o "piriti" e hono te rohe i waenganui i te uho tuakoi me taonga te karihi tuaiwi. I roto i to ratou hanganga muka puta i roto i ngā rahi. Poto ngā kore e haere ki tua atu i te tuakoi te matamata roro ranei. neurons roa tuku ngātere haere i roto i te tetahi tawhiti ki te mea hina.
2. ara Commissural he tinana ki te hanganga callused me mahi te mahi o pūhui hou i hanga wehenga i roto i te matenga, me te ua. Muka i te pua hea matua rite hihi, kua whakanohoia e ratou i roto i te taonga tuaiwi ma.
3. E whakanohoia tika weu io ngä i roto i te ua. Ratou mahi e āhei ponana ki te whakatika hohoro i te tuakoi me ki whakapumautia kōrero ki te whekau. Ko te wehenga ki e piki me te heke huarahi o te ua mai te reira ki tenei momo o te muka.

Ko te pūnaha whakarunga me conductors awa

huarahi e piki o te ua kia ake te hiahia te tangata mo te whakakitenga, e whakarongo ana, mahi nekeneke me ratou whakapā ki te pūnaha nui o te tinana. He hononga receptors raraunga i roto i te wāhi i waenganui i te hypothalamus me te wāhanga tuatahi o te tīwae tuaiwi. Ko te ara e piki o te ua e taea ki te tango i a tukua atu he pini whakanui atu e haere mai ana i te mata o te papa o runga o te kiriwaho me kiriuhi mucous, pokapü ora-tautoko.

I roto i te tahuri, heke huarahi filosilivá ngā te āhuatanga e whai ake nei i roto i tona pūnaha:

• neuron Pyramidal (mei roto i te uho kaka, ka wiwi ki raro, bypassing te kakau roro, ka kei ia kurupae i runga i ona haona tuaiwi).
• (Kei te honotanga pūkaha te mua tuakoi haona me te kiri ki iōra pūpū; tahi me axons i roto i te mekameka me ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha io piringa) Neuron pokapū.
• muka Spinocerebellar (conductors o pito o raro me te tīwae filosilivá, tae atu poro kikokore, me te nape).

He tangata noa, e kore e tino i roto i te mara o te tapuraa uaua, he uaua nui ki te matau i te pūnaha, i te mea ara conductive matatini o te ua. Ko tino Anatomy o te tari hanganga huanane arā, o te tuku hihiko neural. Ko te whakawhetai ki a ia te tinana tangata vai rite te kōwae kotahi. Nā ki te aronga rua i roto i nei te ua e whakaratohia ara conductive e tuku tonu o ponana e kawe ngā mōhiohio i te okana whakahaeretia.

Ārahi ana rongo hohonu

Hanganga o paihere karere mahi i roto i te aronga maha, he maha-wahi. Ēnei ara conductive e hanga e o te ua e rave rahi huānga:

• Burdach kurupae me kurupae Gaulle (ara he tūtohutanga hohonu tikanga i te taha muri o te tīwae tuaiwi);
• kurupae spinothalamic (kei i runga i te taha o te tīwae tuaiwi);
• Gowers kurupae me kurupae Flechsig (ara cerebellar kei i runga i te taha tīwae).

Roto kōpuku intervertebral Kei pūtau o neurons tohu hohonu o te tūtohutanga. E oti ngā tukanga paetata i ngā pae piringa i roto i te kiko uaua tino pai, tendons, muka osteochondral me ratou receptors. I roto i tahuri, i te tukanga kaurori pūtau, noho i muri, kia mau te aronga ki te ua. Na roto i te tūtohutanga hohonu, e kore e pakiaka karere posterior haere hohonu ki te mea hina, hanga he pou tuaiwi posterior.

Hea tomo enei muka te ua, kua wehea ratou ki poto, me te roa. E tonoa atu huarahi ua me te roro ki te tuakoi, kei hea he ratou he tohatoha anō tuwhena. E tonu te nuinga o ratou i roto i nga rohe o te mua, a muri o convolutions pokapū, me te i roto i te karauna.

whai te reira e whakamana te ara raraunga te tūtohutanga, ka taea e roto nei i te tangata ite pehea ki tona taputapu uaua-articular, ite tetahi kaupapa wiri ranei pa tūturu. Kurupae Gaulle, kei tika i roto i te pokapū o te ua, tohatoha te tūtohutanga o te wahi o raro o te utumu. Ko te Burdach kurupae kei runga ake, me te kaimahi rite te aratohu tūtohutanga wahi o runga, me te utumu hāngai kāri.

Me pēhea koe e mohio e pā ana ki te whānuitanga o tairongo?

Te whakatau i te tūtohutanga hohonu taea tohu ki te torutoru whakamātautau ohie. Ki te kawe ia ratou ki waho ki te manawanui o ratou kanohi. Ko tōna mahi he ki te tāutu i ngā wāhanga motuhake i roto i nei te rata kairangahau ranei hanga te āhua hāngū o te motini i roto i te hononga o te maihao, ringa waewae ranei. Ko reira e minaminatia hoki ki te whakaahua i roto i te taipitopito te tūranga tinana tūranga ranei e tangohia e tona wahi.

Ki te awhina o te paoka whakarangi mo wiri tūtohutanga, ka taea e koe te tūhura i te ara conductive o te ua. E tauturu i te mahi o tenei pūrere ki te akatainuia te wa i roto i nei mārama mana'o te manawanui te wiri. Ki te mahi i tenei, tangohia te pūrere, ka pāwhiri i runga taua mea ki te whakarongo tangi. I tenei wāhi, e hiahia ana koe ki te hoatu i runga i tetahi te ti'araa a Ihakara i runga i te tinana. I roto i te take taka mua atu i roto i te tahi atu te wā i reira taua tūtohutanga, taea ana te kī reira e patua nga pou tuarongo.

Test i runga i te mana'o o te localization uhinga e te manawanui, katia ana kanohi, tika tohu ki te wahi i reira mo te ruarua hēkona i mua pa reira ia kairangahau. whakaaro tohu pai te ka, ki te hapa uru te manawanui kei roto i te kotahi henimita.

Ko te tūtohutanga pa o te kiri

Ko te hanganga o nga huarahi conductive o te ua ki te whakatau i te tohu o te aau mahora kiri i te taumata piringa. Ko te take i whai wāhi te tukanga neural i roto i receptors protoneyrona kiri. Konga, kei pū i roto i te wahi muri o tukanga, rere tika ki te ua, kia e reira te hanga e rohe Lisauera.

Just rite ara tūtohutanga hohonu, tito kiri te o te maha raupapa ngā pūtau io. I roto i rite ki te muka io kurupae spinothalamic ngātere raraunga tuku i nga topito o raro te kāri utumu raro ranei, he paku i runga, me te i waenganui.

rerekē kiri tūtohutanga rite ki nga paearu e hāngai ana i runga i te āhua o te faaitoitoraa. Ko reira:

• pāmahana;
• waiariki;
• mamae;
• tūturu.

I roto i tenei momo whakamutunga o tūtohutanga kiri, kei te nuinga o reira tuku conductors tūtohutanga hohonu.

Me pēhea koe e mohio e pā ana ki te paepae mamae me te rerekētanga pāmahana?

Hei whakatau i te taumata o te mamae, te whakamahi i ngā tākuta tikanga patiatiaraa. I roto i te wahi tino ohorere hoki te manawanui e te tākuta he ārai te marama torutoru ki te titi iti. kia katia e nga kanohi o te manawanui, no te kite mea kei te tupu, e kore e tika.

Paepae whakatau he ngāwari te tūtohutanga pāmahana. I roto i te āhua noa ite te tangata sensations rerekē i pāmahana, ko e rerekētanga e pā ana ki 1-2 °. Ki te tautuhi i te koha pathological i roto i te ofatiraa o te tūtohutanga kiri, te whakamahi i ngā tākuta i te pūrere motuhake - termoesteziometr. Ki te kore te mea te reira, he reira taea ki te whakamātau hoki te wera me te wai wera.

Pathologies e pā ana ki huarahi waimaero

I roto i te aronga whakarunga o te ara conductive i hanga e te ua i roto i tenei tūranga, ka taea e ai he tangata ite pa tūturu. Hei ako i te hiahia ki te tango i te tahi mea ngohengohe, ngawari me te naki kia ki te āta pai mo te tāutu o te tohu o tūtohutanga, me te manatoko o makawe tauhohenga, bristles, me ētahi atu

Disorders e pā ana ki te tūtohutanga kiri, ki te rā, whakaaro enei:

1. Rehunga - oti mate o te tūtohutanga kiri ki te wāhi mata motuhake o te tinana. I roto i te take o te ofatiraa o te mamae tūtohutanga puta analgesia, ki te pāmahana - ardanesthesia.
2. puta rehunga whakamuri tītohunga i paepae excitation iti, ki te puta te reira gipalgeziya ake i - Hyperaesthesia.
3. nanamu Misperception (hei tauira, te manawanui hanumi matao, me te mahana) he dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - he mau faaiteraa te whakararuraru, e taea e te tokomaha nui, kopikopiko i ngokingoki formication, mana'o o ru, me tona wahi i roto i te rauropi katoa.
5. Hyperpathia kua te faaiteraa puai roa'ei. Ia ahu hoki ki te hinga thalamus, te whakatairanga i te paepae o te excitability, kia ngoikore te tautuhi rohe tumu, kei te tupu tae psycho-aronganui taimaha o katoa e, me te ohorere rawa nekeneke whakautu.

Āhuatanga Structural conductors downlink

Heke roro me te ua huarahi ngā rave rahi paihere, tae atu:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, filosilivá;
• vestibular-tuaiwi;
• reticulo-tuaiwi;
• posterior roa.

Katoa o nga mea timatanga i runga ake - nekeneke huarahi o te ua, e he wāhanga o paihere karere i roto i te aronga whakararo.

tīmata te ara pyramidal pera-ka karanga i te nui o ngā pūtau rite i roto i te kahu o runga o te roro, te nuinga i roto i te rohe o te gyrus pokapū. Ko hoki te reira i te ara he mārōrō, ua - ko whakahaua iho he āhuatanga nui o te pūnaha e tenei ka haere i roto i te maha tari o te capsule huha muri. I te mata o te pūtahitanga o te medulla me ua taea te kitea he wahi o te ripeka, hanga he kurupae pyramidal tika.

Ko te tegmentum tapaea ara Rubra-tuaiwi conductive. Tīmata e te reira i te karihi whero. A, no te putanga atu ona muka e whiti, ka whakamatautau i roto i te ua e Warhol me te oblongata medulla. Rubra-filosilivá ara taea ponana i te roro tuarongo me te ganglia basal.

Pathways o mea ma timata o te ua ki te karihi Deiters '. Kei roto i te brainstem, tonu ara vestibulo-filosilivá i roto i te hikumārō me Aukatihia ai i ona haona mua. Mai i te faatere tei runga i te wahi o ponana i te taputapu vestibular ki nga neurons pūkaha o te pūnaha piringa.

Ko te pūtau mata o te hanganga hindbrain haamata ara reticulo-filosilivá e i roto i te mea ma o te ua te nuinga marara e takitahi taha putiki, me te mua. I roto i te meka, ko reira te hononga matua i waenganui i te pokapū kahuki o te pūnaha roro me te musculoskeletal.

Kei te whai wāhi hoki Posterior nape roa i roto i te hononga ki te hanganga pūkaha o te kakau roro. Pānga ki te mahi o nga karihi oculomotor me te pūnaha vestibular rite te katoa. Kei te kurupae roa muri i roto i te tuaiwi waha.

Ngā mutunga iho o filosilivá mate aho

Ko te kupu, e faufaa āhuatanga tūhono e whakarato he tangata te faingamālie o kaupapa, me te tūtohutanga nga ara conductive o te ua. ara Neurophysiology raraunga e pā ana ki te peculiarities o te hanganga o te tuaiwi. Kei te mohiotia te reira e te hanganga ua karapotia e muka uaua, kua he hanga porotakaroa. Roto te matū brainstem filosilivá whakahaere huarahi pūpū herekore me te nekeneke te taumahinga o ngā pūnaha katoa o te tinana.

I roto i te kaupapa o mate ua, kino pūkaha ranei malformation kawe ia i waenganui i nga pokapū taketake e rua e taea te tino heke. Disorders huarahi whakawehi tangata oti paipa o mahi tinana, me te mate o te tirohanga tairongo.

Ko te take matua mō te kore o te kawenga hihiko ko te mate o hopearaa karere. Ko te taumata uaua tino o raruraru kawenga i waenganui i te roro, me te ua, ko te pāpāngia me kore o sensation i te wahi. Na reira kia kia raruraru i roto i nga whekau, mate roro e pā ana ki nape neural. Hei tauira, raruraru i roto i te wahi o raro o te pea kātua filosilivá mō te urination me te whēkau whakakeke nekehanga.

E hamani mate ua, me ngā huarahi?

Anake ka puta huringa degenerative tata tonu kitea i roto i te waea o te mahi ua. reflexes tukino arata'i ki te huringa pathological korerotia meinga e te mate o muka neural. Fully whakahokia te wāhi kawe ia pakaru taea. Puta ana te mate tere me kauneke ki te tere uira, na te karo abnormalities āriponga kerekere e taea anake e, ki te wā tīmata rongoā. Ko te wawe meatia te tenei, te nui e hei i te tūponotanga o te mutunga o te whanaketanga pathological.

Non-whakahaerenga pangia wahi filosilivá i roto i te hiahia o te maimoatanga, te mahi tuatahi o e ka mutu te tukanga o mate kūmuri karere. Tenei e taea te tutuki anake, ki te nga āhuatanga ārai i te awe te ahua o te mate. ka anake koe e taea te tīmata therapy ki te whāinga o te ora mōrahi taea o mahi tairongo, me te nekeneke.

hāngai maimoatanga rongoā te i tu i te tukanga o te mate pūtau roro. Ratou mahi ko te faaho'iraa mai o krovopodachi waimaero ki te rohe tūkinotia o te ua. I roto i te maimoatanga rata whakaaro āhuatanga tau, āhua me te pakeke o te kino me te mate haereraa. I roto i te huarahi therapy he nui ki te mau tonu i te whakaongaonga tamau o muka karere i te tikanga o ngātere hiko. Tenei ka mau tonu i te āhua uaua pai.

whakamana pokanga te ki whakahokia āriponga ua, heoi kua kawea te reira i roto i roto i ara e rua:

1. Pehanga o nga take o te pāpāngia o hononga neural.
2. Whakaongaonga o te kātua filosilivá mo te rironga wawe o ngā mahi ngaro.

Me mua Operation e te whakamātautau hauora tino o te tinana katoa. Tenei ka whakatau i te tukanga localization tupu o muka karere. I roto i te wā o nui whara filosilivá, me tuatahi tango koe i te take kōpeketanga.