Ka rite ki kua tipu hangarau rorohiko

Ka taea te wehea ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko ki wā e ono, ki te kore i runga i te rima i te whakatupuranga. Ia o ratou ngā tetahi tetahi taahiraa i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā mahi hoahoanga me te rorohiko ranei. e mohio ana torutoru iwi e kua puta te hangarau rorohiko tuatahi i roto i te rau tau tekau ma ono. Blaise Pascal whakaaro taea te rorohiko aunoa mahi i te mahi anake o te tua me te tangohanga, engari ngā reira anake o ngā āhuatanga aunoa, nihowhiti me puku ā-. A iti i muri mai i whakaaro ai (mo e toru tenetere) ki ngā whakarerekētanga, e taea te whakaputa whakareatanga, wehenga, ka whakaora hua takawaenga, engari i roto i te hangarau rorohiko whānui o te wa kihai i whai rongonui whānui, me te kore i whakatu ki tua atu i te taumata o te tātaitai pute hou. huaina ana tēnei wā ko te kore whakatupuranga.

Ko te whakatupuranga tuatahi

haere ake te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko te puke i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. ko matua e tika ana ki ngā hiahia hōia tenei, kia rite ki ki mua German totohu kia maha kaipuke o Ingarangi ka tono ki tetahi ki tetahi, me te ki te pēke ā irirangi. A tae noa te taea ki te outbid te pūrere whakawaehere (Enigma), i matau ki te Ingarangi kia kia tata inamata te wetemuna o te reo irirangi, i te tikanga e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaputa i hohoro nui nui o te tātaitanga. Ko reira i roto i puta tenei wā te rorohiko hiko tuatahi o Colossus, e, Heoi, noho he ngaro hōia mo runga i te toru tekau nga tau.

He āhuatanga motuhake o te rorohiko tuatahi e hāngai ana i runga i te hiko i ki te whakamahi i roto i to ratou pūtukatuka pūnaha ngongo ki te waehere ā-rua tauhohenga ( "kore-wāhanga", e kua riro ritenga o mahi keu "pono-teka"), i te mea he taahiraa nui mua.

whakatupuranga tuarua

I roto i te 1956, whakaaro te ahupūngao i te transistor tuatahi, kua nei kua taea ki te whakakapi kore anake te rama iahiko rorohiko tawhitotia, engari ano ki te hanga i tekau nga wa reira iti me te iti! Ko roto i tenei wā o mua, ko nga rorohiko tuatahi, e huaina nei ko ki tenei ra supercomputers, a kei te whakamahia i roto i ngā pūranga hiko, whare pukapuka, me te nui tank whakaaro.

toru o whakatupuranga

Mai taua taime i runga i te hangarau rorohiko, kua tipu rawa tere. Kotahi tekau nga tau i muri mai, i whakaaro te mara o te hanga o te rorohiko transistor tuatahi, huihui, ka whakaurua ki roto ki te hanga tuatahi integrated taiawhio o rorohiko, i whakaaetia te kaiwhakanao rorohiko tuatahi ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te timata ki te hanga RW kāinga.

te wha whakatupuranga

Kei te iahiko integrated ake e te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau, i reira i kua tika atu ki te karanga i nga maramara e tika ana ki te maha anake o transistors (ki runga, ki miriona!) E taea e ratou hāngai. VLSI - e te aha tu tenei ra te whare, ia i roto i te puka o rorohiko whaiaro. I roto i te meka, i runga i tenei me te whakaoti i te whanaketanga o rorohiko, a kahore e rorohiko whakaiti ake, engari kihai i mutu tona tino.

whakatupuranga tuarima (rorohiko e kitea)

Ko tenei whakatupuranga o rorohiko, ka taea e tatou e kite i te tauira o papa, e-pukapuka me ētahi atu to'oto'o rorohiko. I te tuatahi ka hapu ratou rite te ara ki te hanga i tō rorohiko kia rite ki kiato, me te watea, engari e kore e rite ki whānui rite noa, PC pahoho rorohiko ranei. Otiia mau nohoia e ratou ona ake motuhake i roto i te mākete, me te mau mau i runga i ki whāiti ratou rongonui mō ngā tekau tau.