Hypersonic "Kaupapa 4202" me ona whakamātautau

"Object o 4202" - he tohu o te kaupapa Russian hou i roto i te mara o te hou hōia hypersonic waka rere (LA). E ai ki mana pokapū tātari ao, kia e haamou i tona whakatinanatanga angitu nga painga i roto i te mara o patu rautaki, e hiahia ana te US ki te tiki i runga i Russia rite ki te hua o te whakamahinga o te pūnaha pere korero ao.

Ka rite ki whakarōpūtia e te tere rere rererangi

LA i roto i ona āhuatanga tere e wehea ki subsonic, paorangi, me te hypersonic. I roto i tenei take, te tere o to ratou rere te tikanga faaite rite rahinga rahi, t maha. Karanga. Mach maha, ka karanga i muri i te ahupūngao Austria Ernsta Maha me denoted ki reta tau M. Latin Mach he rahikore me māmā taea te tautuhi rite te ōwehenga o te tere rererangi ki te tere o te oro i roto i te rangi i te teitei i homai. Na reira, ko te tere o te rererangi i roto i te 1 M (ranei M = 1) te tikanga e neke ai ki te tere o te oro. Kia mahara te reira e te teitei o te tere tangi heke, ka pena ka hāngai te uara o te 1 M i tiketike rerekē ki ngā uara rerekē, faaite i roto i te km / h. Ko te kupu, i roto i te uara tere whenua hāngai ki te M 1 1 224 km / h, me te i te teitei o 11 km - 1.062 km / h.

e kore e tere rererangi Supersonic nui te uara o 5 M (ranei M = 5), me te rere hypersonic ka kīia e tika i runga 5 M. Heoi, ka taea e hoki te parepare ratou te whakamahi i puta i roto i te rere i roto i te rangi kaha aerodynamic, me tawhiti mahere, nui nui atu i tere dogiperzvukovyh.

turanga wehe tinana rererangi hypersonic

e kore e Taitapa M 5 i waenganui i rererangi paorangi, me te hypersonic whiriwhiria e te tupono noa. Ko te meka e ka pa tonu tenei tere taui tino te huru o te tukanga aerodynamic me hihiri aua tata te tinana rererangi me i roto i tona pūkaha jet. Tuatahi, mahana te kahu o te rangi e rerengia ana huri noa i te rererangi, i te tere o te 5 M rohe ki runga ki te maha mano nekehanga i roto i te pāmahana (ngā ki te wahi frontal o te rererangi), ka tīmata ki te fatifati i ki katote rāpoi (dissociated) hau ngā i roto i te rangi. āhuatanga Physico-matū o tenei hau ionized rerekē tino i te hunga o te rangi tonu, whangai reira ki te tomo ki te tauhohenga matū ki te mata o te rererangi, i reira he kaha radiation me iakawe whakawhiti wera i waenganui reira, me te e rerengia ana huri noa i te rere. Na reira, me kore kino atu te American "Space Shuttle" ranei te Soviet "Buran" te wera whakangungu rakau LA.

I tua atu, Me rererangi hypersonic engine jet he hoahoa rawa motuhake e kore e e titiro rite tetahi o nga momo mohiotia. Ko te take i roto i etahi engines rererangi paorangi rererangi tere rere o te hau te horomanga i te huru i roto i te hanganga o te ranunga rangi-wahie te heipü heke ki subsonic (te kore e taea ki te hopu i te rangi ki te tomo i te nui e hiahiatia ana o wahie). Ko te rererangi hypersonic he he Kāore whakaiti o te auau rere o te hau - e tika ana ki te ture faafariuraa pūngao ko te pukā take o te huānga hoahoa pūkaha, e kore e taea e akakoromaki i tetahi rauemi mohiotia.

Āhuatanga hoahoa

Engine rererangi hypersonic (i roto i te whakatinanatanga māmā) rite ki nga korere whakapuaki e rua, tetahi o nei te kaimahi hei kokoru rangi (wahi kuiti ko te ahua o te compressor, ngā ki te injector o wahie, me te kaimahi rite te ruma parariraa), me te kōrere tuarua - he pupuha mo putanga o hau tinana, te hanga hiahia. Ka taea te whakanohoia i tēnei pūkaha raro noa i te takere o te waka rererangi, e hanga he tetahi whakapakoko o waka hypersonic.

Heoi, e kore e taea e te pūkaha taua mahi i kīia e iti iho i te 5-6 M, rite te awa kōpeke te mahana noa ake ki pāmahana e tika ana mō te tahunga oti. Na reira, ki te ara tino kiko titaria rererangi hypersonic ki te tere e hiahiatia ana o te tīmatanga pūkaha (i te iti rawa i te wā nei) ko ki te whakamahi i tākirirangi whakatere-te wehewehe rite te wā tuatahi, i ētahi wā i roto i ngā ki te waka rererangi whakatere. I roto i te pikitia e whakaaturia ana i raro nei rererangi hypersonic American X-52, whakaritea i raro i te parirau rererangi rautaki B-52.

State o te rererangi hypersonic toi i roto i te US

Kua roa te US tīmata ki te whakawhanake i momo hou o patu ino. Tuatahi o te katoa, tenei rererangi hypersonic. Na, hei wāhanga o DARPA Falcon Project Kaupapa whakawhanakehia tākirirangi waka tauihi tohua HTV-2, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki kaupapa o waka hypersonic kaporeihana Boeing (X-43, te X-51) rawa ki te engines ramjet rite te tetahi i roto i te whakaahua i runga ake. E nehenehe o te mau ana warheads te taimaha ki runga ki te 450 kg, e taea e rua warheads karihi me poma rōrahi pahūtanga tata te mana e taea te whakangaro i tiaki hoariri KP ratou.

ka kia ahei o terenga Boeing X-51 kaupapa ake ki te 6400 km / h. Hoki te wā tuatahi kua ara kōwae tenei ki te rangi i roto i te Haratua 2010. He rua tīmatanga i momoho, mutu te whakangaromanga o te waka tauihi. I muri wehenga i te pūrere rererangi kawe accelerates booster atu, hanga i runga i te pūtake o missiles hōia, me te rauhanga. Anake ki runga ki pa i te tere o te 5400 km / h kē hiahia pūkaha o te rererangi, i whakatere ki te tere ipu.

Aha ngaro matou whanaketanga hypersonic Soviet

O te akoranga, i Russia ki paruru i atu tenei riri. I teie mahana kawea te whanaketanga Soviet tika ki te ngakau. I roto i te 80 o te rau tau whakamutunga kua i matou whanaketanga matatau i roto i tenei rohe, me te ara te hua oti - he kaupapa tākirirangi rererangi X-90 "Gala". E ai ki te tohunga, i pai whakarewahia te X-90 i te rererangi rawa taunga mo tenei whakaaro, a ka whakatere ki te 5400 km / h, i te mea te rohe hypersonic. Otiia ka haere mai te "Rīpera manaakitia 90", a ka i whakakorea te kaupapa.

whakautu a Russia ki "Washington"

Tata nei, whakaputaina te Ingarangi pokapū rangahau hōia Janes Information Group rongonui mōhiohio e i roto i Hui-tanguru whakamutunga tau i roto i Russia i te pae "Dombarovsky" (Orenburg rohe.) Whakahaeretia whakamātautau rere o te rererangi hypersonic i raro i te tohu U-71 (Yu-71). Te ahanoa 4202, e, kia rite ki te pokapū taua, ko te tohu whānui o te whanaketanga hypersonic Russian katoa he wāhanga o to tatou hōtaka pere.

Ko ana whakahau ōkawa i roto i te ahumahi e kore e te Tari War, a Federal Space Agency, e kore te mea neke atu i te "uhi" o tenei mahi nei i raro i ngā āhuatanga o nāianei. Head OCD taua kaiwhakaari i runga i "Object 4202" Ko "NPO Engineering" i Moscow Reutova (i mua tākirirangi KB kaihoahoa whānui Vladimir Chelomeya, i ko te missiles kaiwhakawhanake ipu matua me te whānui reo missiles ballistic i roto i te USSR).

E te ara, kei te pae o tenei kamupene kōrero e i roto i i hanga te mutunga o 50-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te KB LA MP-1, ki te taea e te parepare i te huru ki te awhina o papa mana aerodynamic ki tere hypersonic. kawea whakarewatanga angitu o reira i roto i roto i 1961! Heoi te kaupapa o "ahanoa 4202" kua he hītori roa.

Tuhinga mo te Russian "hypersonic"

Mai i te maha o puna e mohiotia ai e mai te timatanga o nga 2000, kua timata Russia mahi i runga i te "hypersonic hōia" me te haere ki U-71 ki te whakaturia te hua ki te pere teu ballistic "Sarmat". Ko te ahanoa paorangi Russian hou 4202 taea whakatere ki te tere o te 11,000 km / h, me te taea te kawe warhead tikanga karihi ranei. A, no te ai te parepare i te taputapu he taua velocities nui, i roto i te huru i altitudes o 40 ki te 50 km. Na reira, e kore e taea te haukotia te reira e tetahi hou pūnaha pere korero.

Ahakoa warheads hou o fakavaha'akonitinēnití missiles ballistic me tae tere hypersonic i rere, engari te trajectory o tukua tātai, a konei te taea o ngā whakaurunga korero mōhio pere. Ko te hua ko te taua U-71 (ahanoa 4202) Ko te ahei, i roto i te rerekē, i te nekeneke matatini i runga i te ara ohorere, te huri akoranga me te teitei kia ko reira tata e taea ki te haukoti.

I roto i tenei take, i reira he take ki te amo i taua te ahanoa whakamātautau tuatahi 4202 haere i roto i te 2004. Ko reira ka korerotia te rangatira tuarua o te General kaimahi o te Russian Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky i te amuiraa press i runga i te whakamātautau rererangi hypersonic, nukarau i runga i te akoranga me te teitei.

"Object o 4202": te takutai o Amerika i roto i te hypersonic

Kua ähua te press American ki whakamatautau Russian o te waka tauihi hypersonic. nuitia kua maha niupepa korero e pā ana ki te meka i te rautaki US o Patua a Global Tohuāki inaianei kua he whakataetae nui. Ki te ka pai oti te kaupapa "Taonga 4202" mahi i roto i te 10 tau ka whiwhi Russia nui "kāri tetere" i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa ki te US. Ko te meka Ko e i roto i te aroaro o te rererangi hypersonic ka whai kia ki te patu i tetahi ūnga i roto i te United States kotahi noa pere. Hei tauira, ko te taua "SARMAT", ka e kia tāuta rererangi, hangaia e "Object 4202". Hypersound i roto i te tere rere nukarau kaha me te momo hou o te rererangi - ko nga 'ulungaanga o tenei patu hou, e kia hanga ururua ngū horihori o ngā rauemi ki te hanga pūnaha korero pere US enei.