Hetman - he tohu o Ukraine

Ko te hetman iho hītori - he rangatira hōia nei arahina te tetahi rōpū o ngā hōia me te ope katoa. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i nga puna o te kupu "Hetman" whakahuatia i roto i te hononga ki te maunu Hussite i te Czech Republic. I roto i Poland, whakamahia te wā kei te ki te 1503, ko reira te rangatira o nga ope kingi patu.

Hetmans rite kau taki tōrangapū

Ki te nuinga o te hetman Ukrainian meinga he taua mea rite te "pakanga whakaoranga motu o te iwi Iukereiniana" ki te Commonwealth. Ko te tino ngā te hītori o ngā o tenei taitara i roto i te Ukraine. Anga ke ki te feohi hītori pare e Hetman - ko pono tenei he rangatira o te Cossacks me āhua Hetman, te wa tuatahi i mana te taitara Bogdan Khmelnitsky i 1648.

I muri i te Union o Lublin i 1596 i roto i Poland, ka mau te whakahou o te kāwanatanga ā-rohe wahi, kia rite ki nei i roto i i ia o nga rohe o te arikitanga ona rangatira ake, ka karanga te hetman. Ko te kōrero o te putanga o te taitara tenei "hetman Ukrainian."

Ko te angitu hōia o te Zaporozhian

Kōrero e pā ana ki etahi mahi whai hua o Hetman huinga mōhiohio mō te Kingi o Poland i Ukraine, e kore e utu i te reira. I roto i te whika tōrangapū, hōia, me te ahurea rongonui o 16-17 tenetere he kahore Hetman mōhiohio. personified Cossack Hetman te wahi o pūkenga e whakaaro ratou noa i te Commonwealth. whakaturia nga Cossacks tatou e rave rahi mahi:

• whawhai ki gentry Polish, i nei whakawhirinaki he kaimahi utu (panschina, i tika ki, aha ...);
• te pakanga ki hoariri waho (Krymskoe Hanstvo me te Ottoman Empire).

Ko te hetman Cossack 16 mutunga tino rongonui, me te tīmatanga o te rau tau 17 ko Krzysztof Kosiński, Severin Nalivaiko ko Pita Konashevych-Sahaidachny. Enei iwi i kite i roto i te whanaketanga o te wāhi Cossacks tūturu ki te ite i te hiahia o te iwi Iukereiniana ki hei motuhake, me te, na reira, ratou ake āhua. I te wa ano, āta matau ratou te whīwhiwhi o tenei tukanga. Ko te tikanga matua o te pakanga i pakanga, me te tutu. Ko te nui tino te whakatikanga ake o 1591-1596 tau. I taua wa, i tino maia rawa, engari tonu e kore rawa ki patu te taiepa Cossack, na i tukua e rave rahi mate i roto i ngā pakanga nui. I te kino rangatira nui taua taea meinga ratou nui. I reira i muri i enei whakaoho Rzeczpospolita meatanga pūnaha kāwanatanga ā-rohe, te whakauru i te tūranga e pā ana o Hetman. Waho haerenga Cossacks utu te tuhituhi Moscow i 1602, me te maha o whakaeke nui ki nga Turkey, kua whakaaturia Ukrainians ki kia hoariri rawa kaha.

hetman Khmelnitsky

whanau Bogdan Zinovy Khmelnitsky i roto i 1596. riro ia i te mātauranga pai i tuahine te kura Kiev. he matua i roto i Khmelnitskiy Subotove, e tata ana te pa o Chigirin (hou Cherkassy rohe o Ukraine). mahi ia i roto i te puni o nga Cossacks rēhitatia, whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai ki a Spain, ka mau te pourewa o Dunkirk i France. Ko tona misioni tuatahi i roto i te ora Khmelnitsky i mahi i roto i te wā i 1648 ki te 1654 i roto i te whawhai e tau'atāina motu ki te Commonwealth. Ko reira i roto i enei tau Hetman - he hōia, me te rangatira tōrangapū o te ope i whawhai ki te Commonwealth. Ko te whawhai ki te kāwanatanga Polish haere ki rerekē angitu. ko te whawhai angitu i roto i te puna o 1648 i Yellow wai me Korsun.

kau taki Polish ka reira mārama e pā ana ratou ki te hoariri kaha. I roto i te raumati o 1648 ngā hōia Ukrainian whakaekea nga whenua Polish. nui haere te maha o hoia i roto i nga ope o Khmelnitsky ki 30 000 iwi. I roto i te puna o 1648 ko te pakanga toa o pyliavtsi. I roto i nga tau i muri, ka whawhai ia ki Zbarazh me Berestechko. Ko te hua matua o nga mahi o Bogdana Hmelnitskogo i hono nga whenua Iukereiniana ki Russia i 1654 i roto i Pereyaslav.

Ivan Mazepa - Hetman

I roto i te kingitanga o Mazepa i 1687 ki te 1709 e taea te wehea ki te 2 ngā wāhanga. I mua ki te timatanga o te Northern War Hetman i te hononga tino pai ki a Pita te nui. Ko te mahi matua o Mazepa i tenei wā, ki te painga o te iwi, whakakitea i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahurea me te varua (whare hahi). Ko te wā tuarua (1700 ki te 1709) whakakitea e Mazepa - Hetman, whakaaro e pā ana ki motuhake te whenua o. Kua riro te päoka o taua mau mana'o whakaaetanga hetman Ukrainian ki te Swedish Kingi Karl XII. He faaiteraa o tenei uniana ko te whai wāhitanga o ngā hōia ona hoa Mazepa me Sweden i roto i te whawhai Poltava ki te ope o Pita.

hetman Iukereiniana, o te akoranga, e kore i taea e whakatau i te pātai o motuhake tonu o te whenua, engari i reira i te kotahitanga ki te iwi whanaunga - mua me Belarusians. Hetman - he tangata e whakatinana ana i nga wawata motu o te iwi Ukrainian. I reira ki kaha te haerenga mai o Hetman te kaupapa whakaoranga motu i roto i te rohe o Ukraine hou.