He aha te mea he mate: definition, āhuatanga me te momo

ki tonu te taiao kei te ki te maha nui o "noho", i roto i nei i reira ko te momo o microorganisms pērā i wheori, huakita, harore, hātare. Ka taea e ratou ora i roto i te au maite tino ki te tangata (kore-pathogenic), te tīariari i roto i te tinana, kahore meinga kino ki tikanga noa, engari riro kaha i raro i te mana o etahi āhuatanga (kapo), me te kia kino ki te tangata, ka meinga te whanaketanga o te mate (tukumate). pā enei ariā katoa ki te whanaketanga o te tukanga hopuhopu. He aha te mea he mate, he aha e nga momo me ngā āhuatanga - whakaaro i roto i te tuhinga.

ariā taketake

ka karanga mate nga hononga matatini o ngā kaiao rerekē, e kua he whānuitanga nui o faaiteraa - i hariata asymptomatic ki te whanaketanga o te mate. Ko te tukanga ko te hua o te whakataki o te moroiti (huaketo, harore, huakita) ki te ora macroorganism, i roto i te whakautu ki te ope e whakatika i te tauhohenga korero motuhake.

Āhuatanga o te mate:

1. Contagiousness - te kaha ki te hohoro horahia i te tangata e mate ana ki te hauora.
2. Pū - etahi moroiti motuhake ai te mate i te mea angamaheni mo tona putanga mai me localization i roto i ngā pūtau kopa ranei.
3. He wā o tona akoranga katoa tukanga hopuhopu - wā.

wā

Kei te hāngai hoki te ariā o te mate i runga i te cyclicity o te tukanga pathological. Ko te aroaro o wā i roto i te whanaketanga o te āhuatanga mō ia tohu ōrite:

1. Ko te wā heki - te wa i elapses i te wa o te whakataki o te moroiti ki te tinana o te he ora rite te roa rite reira ko nga tohu haumanu tuatahi o te mate. Tenei wā e taea muri i te tahi haora ki te maha o nga tau.
2. wā prodromatsii - te putanga o te huru haumanu noa o te nuinga o ngā tukanga pathologic (ānini, ngoikore, te rohirohi).
3. tohu tāhapa - mate tihi. I roto i tenei wā, te whakawhanake tohu motuhake o te mate i roto i te ohorere ānau pāmahana angamaheni patu te kopa rohe.
4. Tūmahutanga - te wa o ngaro o te pikitia haumanu, me te whakaora o te manawanui.

Ngā momo o ngā tukanga hopuhopu

Hei kite atu kōrero e pā ana ki te take e he mate taua, e hiahia ana koe ki te matau he aha te mea te reira. He he maha nui o whakarōpūtanga rānei i runga i te takenga mai, ngā, localization, maha o taumahatanga koiora, me pera i runga i. D.

1. I roto i te tikanga ano te kătahi o tukumate:

• tukanga exogenous - kua āhuatanga e te kătahi o te tukumate i te taiao o waho;
• tukanga endogenous - whakahohetia ake microflora herenga pathogenic raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga kino.

2. Na roto i te takenga:

• tukanga noa - āhuatanga e te ngaro o te wawaotanga tangata;
• Pilot - mate muia āwenewene i te taiwhanga.

3. E ai ki te maha o microorganisms:

• monoinfection - meinga e te kotahi momo o te tukumate;
• whakauru - whai wāhi te maha o ngā momo o tukumate.

4. I roto i te tikanga:

• tukanga tuatahi - tika puta mate;
• tukanga tuarua - aru i te tua o te māuiuitanga pipihi atu i runga i te whakamārama o te mate tuatahi.

5. localization:

• wahi āhua - ko te moroiti anake i te wahi i roto i i ngoto ki roto ki te kaiao ope;
• puka whānui - te tukumate horapa puta noa te tinana ki te subsidence atu i roto i etahi wahi tino.

Ki te horapa te iroriki i roto i te bloodstream, engari e kore e tini i reira, ka karanga he huru viremia (te kaihoko fakatupu - huaketo), bacteremia (huakita), fungemia (harore), parasitaemia (hātare). I roto i te take o te toto whakarea o tukumate whakawhanake sepsis.

6. I maka:

• mate whakapeka - he pikitia kanapa haumanu me te pumau kore ake atu i te wiki ruarua;
• mate ma'i - āhuatanga e au puhoi, taea muri hoki tekau tau, kua reira exacerbation (matahoki).

7. I Apatoko tau:

• "Tamariki" mate - te nuinga pā tamariki i waenganui i te tau o te 2 me te 10 tau (koroputa, diphtheria, te kirika ngangana, mare);
• "Mate Pakeke," e kore ko te ariā ake, kia rite ki nga tukumate e meinga mate haereraa i roto i ngā pakeke, te tinana o te tamaiti rite tairongo.

He he he ariā o te reinfection me superinfection. I roto i te take tuatahi, he tangata e kua tino ora ake i muri i te mate huaketo ano e te tukumate taua. Na roto i te superinfection puta reinfection ara i roto i te akoranga o te mate (e ēnei taumahatanga tukumate i runga i ia atu).

ara hinga

He whai i te kătahi o microorganisms e whakarato whakawhiti o tukumate i te taiao ki te kaiao ope:

• fecal-waha (ngā alimentary o, te wai, me te whakapā-kāinga);
• pērā (toto) - ngā fakasekisualé, parenteral me i ngau te ngārara;
• aerogenic (puehu mahino me mahino);
• whakapā-moepuku, whakapā-marutanga.

Hoki te nuinga o tukumate e āhuatanga e te ara motuhake o kătahi i roto i te tonotono-rauropi. Ki te haukotia te huarahi tuku te, e kore e puta i te mate kē i roto i ona faaiteraa ranei.

Localization o mate

Tei runga i te wāhi kua pā, nga momo e whai ake nei o mate:

1. Intestinal. e wahi te tukanga pathological i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal, te kaihoko tomo te ara fecal-waha. Ko ētahi o ēnei salmonellosis, koripi, rotavirus, taipō piwa.
2. Romahā. Puta ana te tukanga i roto i te wahi romahā o runga me raro, microorganisms e "neke" i roto i nuinga o te wā i roto i te rangi (rewharewha, adenovirus mate, parainfluenza).
3. Waho. Tukumate paru i te kiri me te kiriuhi mucous, meinga fungal mate, scabies, microspores STDs.
4. Toto. Ko te mate e tomo i roto i te bloodstream, kua kawea e atu puta noa i te tinana (HIV, kakā B, he mate e pā ana ki ngau pepeke).

mate intestinal

A feruri i te ngā tukanga pathological i roto i te tauira o tetahi o nga rōpū - mate intestinal. He aha te mea he mate o te wahi kūnatu o te tangata, me pehea e taa ê ai?

Ka taea te meinga e mate o huakita, fungal me te take mai viral mate kanohi rōpū. microorganisms viral ahei ki te tomo i te tari ngā o te wahi intestinal, e whakaaro ki rotaviruses me enteroviruses. E taea e kore anake ki te horapa i te ara fecal-waha ratou, engari rūrūtia hoki patu te epithelium o te wahi romahā o runga, me te meinga nui korokoro herpetic.

E tuku mate kitakita (Salmonella, te koripi) anake i te ara fecal-waha. Mate takenga fungal puta i roto i te whakautu ki huringa i roto i te tinana ā-, puta i raro i te mahi o paturopi whakamahi wā roa-o teuteu hormonal ranei, i roto i te ārai.

rotavirus

Rotavirus mate intestinal, e kia matawhānui me te wā maimoatanga, i roto i te parau tumu, me te tetahi atu mate he hawhe o nga take haumanu o viral pathologies intestinal hopuhopu. whakaaro He tangata pangia te mōrearea ki te hapori mai i te mutunga o te wā heki noa ora oti.

Rotavirus mate intestinal puta nui atu uaua atu i roto i ngā pakeke i roto i ngā tamariki. Hipanga faaiteraa whakapeka tahi e te pikitia haumanu e whai ake nei:

• mamae puku;
• korere (kumete he tae marama, e taea e poke toto);
• ruaki;
• tūāhuruiti;
• ihu mātihetihe;
• mumura o korokoro te.

haere tahi rotavirus mate intestinal i roto i ngā tamariki i roto i nuinga o te wā e te urutā i roto i ngā kura me tōmua. Na roto i te tau o te 5, te nuinga o ngā tamariki i ite i ahau mahi o rotaviruses. I muri mate puta kore rite pakeke rite te take haumanu tuatahi.

mate hāparapara

Te nuinga o tūroro tono wawaotanga hāparapara, he hiahia i roto i te pātai o te aha momo o te mate hāparapara. Ko te tukanga taua o te pāhekoheko tinana tangata ki tukumate tenei, anake tupu i runga i te whakamārama o te mahi ranei tono wawaotanga hāparapara ki te whakahokia mai ngā mahi ki te tetahi mate.

He koi (purulent, e pirau, motuhake, anaerobic) me te tukanga ma'i (motuhake, me te nonspecific).

Tei runga i te wāhi o te mate hāparapara mate taratahi:

• nga kopa ngohengohe;
• hononga me wheua;
• roro me ona hanganga;
• o te kōhao puku;
• kōhao rei;
• whekau papatoiake;
• wae takitahi ranei whēkau (repe mammary, paraihe, mutu, me te pera i runga i. d.).

Agents o mate hāparapara

I tēnei wā, ko te tino auau "manuhiri" tukanga purulent whakapeka e:

• pene;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

Gateway ratou kătahi e ngā pāpaka o nga kiriuhi mucous me kiri, abrasions, ngau, rapirapi, aerodynamics repe (werawera me te sebaceous). Ki te he whakaeminga ma'i aronga o microorganisms (tonsillitis ma'i, Rhinitis, niho pirau) te tangata, hei ratou he take o te wehenga o tukumate puta noa te tinana.

maimoatanga mate

I te ngakau o te tikanga o pathological maimoatanga microflora causal e hāngai i te whakakore i nga take o te mate. Tei runga i te momo o te kaihoko whakamahia nga rōpū e whai ake nei o medicaments:

1. Paturopi (ki te te tukumate - huakita). Te tīpako i te rōpū o māngai antibacterial, me te hanga i te tarukino ngā i runga i te pūtake o te whakamātautau bacteriological me faaotiraa o te tūtohutanga takitahi o te moroiti.
2. Patu huaketo (ki te te kaihoko fakatupu - huaketo). I roto i te whakarara, te whakamahi i taero e whakakaha nga parepare o te tinana tangata.
3. āpiha antifungal (ki te te kaihoko fakatupu - te harore).
4. Worming (ki te tukumate - noke te māmā ranei).

E pau maimoatanga o mate i roto i ngā tamariki i raro i te 2 tau i roto i te fare ma'i, i roto i te tikanga ki te karo pōauautanga taea.

mutunga

I muri i te takanga o te mate, he he tukumate ngā, Ahatia he tohunga pārōnaki me te whakatau i te hiahia mō te hohipera. Kia tino ki te tautuhi i te ingoa o te tātaritanga mate motuhake, a kahore noa te kupu "mate". Ko te hītori o te mate, e hoatu whanau ki maimoatanga hōhipera, kei te kōrero katoa e pā ana ki te wāhanga o te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga o te mate ngā. Ki Kahore he aha ki hospitalize te manawanui tuhia taua kōrero katoa kei roto i te tūroro mahere.