He aha e nga hōtaka kāwanatanga? hauora tūmatanui, ngā hōtaka mātauranga me te ohaoha

I roto i te Russian Federation kei te mahi pakeke i runga i te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga. kaha Rauemi mahi here me te paearu matua mō te tīpako raruraru ki te ako i ia hōtaka. E arata'i pinepine te tenei ki te putanga i te aronga o nga raruraru o nāianei i runga i rautaki. Katoa tau, i roto i te hanganga o te taumata pūtea e hānga ana whakaaetia e te pinepine o ngā hōtaka ki te kia utua i te pūtea e hānga ana.

State Program: definition me te tikanga

Ko te hōtaka kāwanatanga Russian he tikanga nui o te whakatinanatanga o te ā- kaupapa here tūmatanui o ngā te whanaketanga o pāpori, ōhanga ao o te ora, a kia whakahaua ki te whakatinanatanga o nui kaupapa pūtaiao me te haumi, te kawenga mō te otinga o raruraru matatini, ko te ao o ngā mahi o te mana e hānga ana, rohe, me te rohe. I tua atu, kua whai pānga te reira ki te wā, kaihaka me te kohinga rauemi o ahumahi, ōhanga, rangahau pūtaiao, pāpori, ōhanga me te tokomaha atu ngā mahi e kua e hāngai ana ki te whakarite me te whakarite i te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga i roto i ngā mara, me ngā wāhi o te mahi.

E whakawhanakehia, ka whakatinanahia e te mana whakahaere ranei ētahi atu kaiwhakahaere nui o moni pūtea, te mana e ngā whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui, tahi ki ētahi atu toi me kaiuru i roto i te hōtaka ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga.

hanganga hōtaka

Ia hōtaka i roto i te Russian Federation ngā:

• ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga hānga ana, me te / ranei ngā mahinga;
• ngā mahi matua, me te / ranei hōtaka ūnga tari;
• mehua motuhake e hāngai ana whakaoti i tētahi mahi ngā hōtaka.

hanganga pūmanawa Paerewa ko e whai ake:

• waihanga o te raruraru me te tohu o te hiahia ki te whakaoti i te tikanga hōtaka;
• whāinga, ngā whāinga, wā me ngā wāhanga o te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka;
• ngā mahi matatini hōtaka: hangarau, ohaoha, ngā, rangahau, aha noa;.
• te rahi me te puna o te pūtea, ngā mahi tiaki rauemi;
• whakatinanatanga tikanga;
• te whakahaere me te akoranga o te whakatutukitanga o te mana whakahaere;
• whakatau i te tōtika o te hōtaka e whakaratohia ana mō te hopearaa me hua;
• uruwhenua.

Tika whakatau te tawhā ki te kia tutaki e te hōtaka hanga i roto i haurangi o ngā hua e tohu i te huringa o te kāwanatanga, hei tauira, ngā ratonga pāpori, te kounga me te paerewa o te ora, haumaru pāpori, ōhanga, hauora, me ētahi atu.

hāngai ngā hōtaka Kāwanatanga e i runga i whakaaetia mo te wā motuhake o ngā mahi o te Kawanatanga; tikanga tautuhi i te ariā o te whanaketanga pāpori me te ōhanga o te Federation Russian; nga whakatau o te peresideni me te Pirimia; ture e hānga ana.

Whakarōpū o ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga

ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga Ka taea te whakarōpūtia te reira i runga i ngā whenua:

• i roto i te ahunga me te puna o te tohatoha o te pūtea (hānga ana, rohe, terenga);
• raruraru ki te kia faatiti'aifarohia e te taumata (ā-peka, peka, rohe);
• te āhua o ngā raruraru ki te kia faatiti'aifarohia (ngātahi, te rangahau, pāpori-ōhanga, pūtaiao-hangarau, me ētahi atu.);
• i runga i ngā o hoko (poto, reo, wā roa).

He pera ngā Tata e hāngai ana te hōtaka kāwanatanga e kore e noa i tetahi tetahi taumata o whakaoti te raruraru, hei tauira, e hānga ana, me te rohe, ranei ara i roto i ētahi wā rohe. Na reira, tukutahi ki te whakatinanatanga o te taumata e hānga ana, ko te whanaketanga o te hōtaka ā-rohe i roto i te horopaki rohe me ngā take te hōtaka.

Ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga

Tetahi wahi o te hōtaka kāwanatanga, ko te ako tupato o tona wähanga ture. Tetahi kaupapa, te mahi e tautokona ana e te anga ture. Me kï reira e kore ai te whakaaro me te ihirangi o te hōtaka ofati, ki te tomo ki anga ke ki te ture taketake, me te ture mahi ture o te whenua hurahia hoki te remu o tētahi atu me te herekore ranei.

whakaturia Tukanga, ihirangi me te mana o te hōtaka kāwanatanga e tango ki pūkete te ture e hāngai ana, me ngā ture i roto i to ratou wahi tango hoahoa mana-ture, me te whakahaere, ngā whakahaere pūtaiao, me te tūmatanui me ngā rōpū.

Kāore Ko te whakaurunga i roto i te tūranga taketake me nga formulations ihirangi hōtaka kei roto whakaaro siokita.

ngā hōtaka Kāwanatanga i roto i to ratou whanaketanga mamae e rave rahi kaupae kōtuitui o:

1. Pūmau te raruraru. E i te hōtaka i te tika ki te tīariari, me whakarato e koe te tika o tona faufaa, me te tautuhi i te raruraru o te te ihirangi e hiahia ki te kia faatiti'aifarohia e ngā rautaki hōtaka;
2. Creative. Concept - he wāhi o tetahi hōtaka, he mea e tika ana ki te hanga me te whakatika i te whai hua te nuinga kōwhiringa, ara huarahi ki te whakaoti rapanga ranei;
3. Te whakarite o tono. I tenei wā, ki te ako tupato o tono motuhake whakatutuki i te take, rōpū ūnga tautuhi, ka hoatu te tātari pūtea, me te ohaoha;
4. Whakatau i ngā mahi. Te kāwanatanga Russian atu te tinana mana ranei ka whakatau ki runga ki te tīmatanga o te tukanga whanaketanga hōtaka.
5. Te hanga i tētahi kaupapa. haamata mahi i runga i te whanaketanga whakahaere o te hōtaka hukihuki, whakatakoto whāinga me ngā whāinga, tohu me kati, ngā rauemi me ngā;
6. ngā mahi Whanaketanga. unu tika wahi nui o te hōtaka, te tono pūtea takitarotia, me te waihanga i tētahi mahere pakihi;
7. Examination. Ki te whakaaro ki te momo me te āhua o te hōtaka reira haere whakamātautau whakamana :. Economic, ture, hōtaka hukihuki hangarau, me te tahi atu tuituia ki manatü, mana tūmatanui hinonga whai wāhi i roto i tona whakatinanatanga.

Ko te huringa ora o te hōtaka whakawhanakehia

I muri i te whakamātautau, kia whakatika, te hōtaka kāwanatanga o te kaupapa haere i roto i te maha o ngā mataora:

• Ko te whakatau o te mana tūmatanui. Te kāwanatanga Russian, mahi minita ranei atu tuhinga mana mōhiohio whakaritea ka tango i te whakatau i runga i te timatanga o te hōtaka;
• Iteraa. E whakaritea kawenga mō te whakatinanatanga o ngā wāhanga o te hōtaka, kawea atu aroturuki o te mahi, me te whakamahinga o moni. Ki te tika, he whakatau i runga i tona whakatikatikanga;
• I roto i te tukanga o te whakatinanatanga o te pūtea hōtaka i hanga te anake i roto i runga i te tono pūtea.
• Te aromātai o te hua, me te whai huatanga.

Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga ki te āwhina

Kei te hoko hōtaka āwhina State atu rongonui. Te aroturuki i ngā raruraru pāpori heheu te kaupapa matua o te mahi. Na, mo te maha o nga tau i te hōtaka "Whakatairanga o mahi" (mai 2012), e whai ana ki te whakarato i ngā āhuatanga pütahitanga, ture, me te ōhanga mō te whanaketanga mākete mahi whai hua. kia nga hua o te hōtaka ki te whakaiti i mānukanuka i roto i te rohe o mahi, te tiaki o ngā pūkenga me te hauora o ngā kaimahi, te tiaki o ratou tika mahi.

No iti akiaki ko te hōtaka "tautoko Social o tangata", hangaia ki te whakapai ake i te puka, me ngā tikanga o te āwhina pāpori ki ngā kāwai o te rawakore, hua toko i te ora, te mahi o herenga kāwanatanga ki ngā ratonga pāpori, me te tautoko o tangata.

Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka mātauranga

He hōtaka mātauranga Public he tikanga mo te whakahou o tenei rängai. Ko tētahi o ratou - "Whanaketanga o te Mātauranga" - Kei te hangaia ki te 2020 Nā ki ngā mahi whakaritea whakaritea ki te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga o ngā taumata katoa o te mātauranga me te kia wātea ai me te kounga, ki te whakawhanake i te pūnaha o te aromatawai kounga. Ko te raruraru hoki ngā tikanga mana te arotau i te hanganga, te hanga i te utu raraunga whatunga i waenganui i ngā pūtahi mātauranga. kia whakaratohia kaimahi ki te kōrero, te whakangungu, taputapu huarahi e tika ana mō te mahi tahi me ngā ākonga - he mea ano hoki he hui matua, e whai wāhi te hōtaka kāwanatanga. Mātauranga - he tupono mo te whakatupuranga o muri ki te mau i te heke mai pai.

Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka hauora

E hangaia ngā hōtaka hauora tūmatanui ki te whakaoti i te raruraru tino akiaki i te ao o te tiaki o te hauora tangata Russian '. Mai i 2012 te kitenga te "Ko te hōtaka āhua o te whanaketanga hauora i roto i Russia." E ai ki nga ngā, ko reira he huarahi tino rerekē ki te whakapai ake o te hanganga, hanganga o te profsredy kotahi, te whakapai ake i te tōtika me te kounga o te tiaki hauora, whakangungu. I tua atu ki tona hōtaka o taurangi kāwanatanga i whakaaetia, te uho o nei Ko reira ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga ki te whakarato i te atawhai noa rata ki tangata. Hei wāhanga o te mahi whakaaetia e te rārangi o ngā āhuatanga, ngā puka me ngā momo o te tiaki hauora, whakawhanakehia te rārangi o mate mo e whakaratohia tiaki hauora te utu o te tiaki, tariffs i hanga. kī ia i roto i 2014 me te āta 2015-2016.

Whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka i roto i te mara o te ōhanga

hōtaka ōhanga State, tango ki pūkete tapepe pūtea, me te raruraru kua meinga āpiha nui o te withdrawal o Russia i ngā āhuatanga uaua.

Mai 2013, hoatu i roto i te wahi i te hōtaka "whanaketanga Economic me ōhanga auaha" e hāngai ana ture kāwanatanga, whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa matua i roto i te mara o te whanaketanga ōhanga pāpori hāngai, me te auaha. I tēnei wā, kua whakaritea reira ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga pai mō te whanaketanga pakihi, te whakarite i te tupu o te tōtika o ngā momo tūmatanui o te whakahaere, ki te kukume haumi atu i roto i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga. Tētahi atu hōtaka - "Development o mahi ohaoha ke" i roto i te biennium 2013-2018. - e hängai i te whakapakari i te tūnga Russian i roto i te ōhanga ao, te whakapai ake i te kounga o tohu mahi i roto i te taiao o waho.

Ētahi momo o ngā hōtaka kāwanatanga

He pā ana ki 40 ingoa hōtaka whanaketanga State. Ia tutuki nga hiahia tūturu o te taumata tonotono me moroiti-ōhanga o te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga, e hāngai ana i whakaoti rapanga akiaki i roto i rāngai kuiti o te ōhanga me te hapori Russian :. Ecology, whakahaere kararehe, hōia, uruhi ture, Internet, ngahere, etc. Hei tauira, i roto i te anga o te hōtaka " whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua me te ture o ngā hua ahuwhenua, rauemi mata, me te kai hoki 2013-2020 "te whakatinana i mehua ki te whakatutuki i motuhake kai o te kāwanatanga, i runga UW whakataetae o ngā hua motu me te whanaketanga o te pūmautanga pūtea. hāngai ana te hōtaka "uri me te whakamahi o ngā rauemi māori" ko i whakahaere o te whakamahi kouma o ngā rauemi māori o te whenua, te tuku ahumahi kohuke, me te rapu mō ngā mōhiohio i runga i nga hea o nga putunga taonga o ngā kohuke.

tōtika hōtaka āhuatanga

E kore te mea te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka kāwanatanga, kahore whanaketanga me te waihanga o te taputapu aromatawai ki te whakatau i tona whai huatanga. kia te tawhā whakawhanakehia e te hōtaka kāwanatanga kia kitea i roto i te matapae o te whanaketanga ōhanga me te pāpori o te whenua i roto i te wā-waenga. Ratou matatini kōrero e whakaratohia te atamira whanaketanga pūtea e hānga ana e whakaaro te tikanga e hāngai ana ki te hei wāhanga o te whai huatanga me te kakama o ngā hōtaka pūtea.

Āhuatanga e whakarite te whai huatanga o te hōtaka kāwanatanga:

• mārama whāinga matua o iti-hōtaka o iti-ngā taumata;
• te aroaro o te hanganga arorau;
• kawenga mō te whakatinanatanga o te mehua whakaritea o te hōtaka kāwanatanga o ia minita whai wāhi i roto i te whakatinanatanga;
• te hanganga o te pūnaha manawarü mo te mahi i tutuki.

paearu mahi Pūmanawa

Ko te paearu matua mo te tōtika o te tukanga o te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka pūtea e:

1. Utu-whai hua: te whakatutuki i te utu i raro taea mō ngā momo katoa o ngā rauemi hōtaka e whakamahia ana.
2. Mahinga: te whakatūnga o te ōwehenga o te mahi i mahi ki te uara o te moni i whakapaua i runga i te reira.
3. Tōtika: te tini o ngā whāinga mahi, ōrite te rahi o fakamolé tūmatanui ki te hua ina e whakamahia ratou.

Me kï reira e, i roto i te tua ki te paearu whānui mō te momo motuhake o te hōtaka (pāpori, hauora, ōhanga, taiao, me etahi atu.), Whakawhanakehia tohu motuhake e whakatau i te whāinga i kīia. Ki te nga hua o te aro mātai mahi kua whiwhi hua pai, kia atu te hōtaka mo tetahi atu wā etahi o te wā, engari i muri i anake hanga i te whakatikatika e tika ana.