Economy: Definition me kaupapa o te ako

I whakaurua te ariā o "ōhanga" e Aristotle i te III rau BC, engari puta te putanga o te ohaoha rite te pūtaiao anake i roto i te XII-XIII senituli, i te wa ano ki te whanau o te moni.

Ko te ōhanga, te whakamāramatanga o i homai e kau mataotao maha, iku ka tetahi o nga tikanga taketake. Mai anga reira tata katoa hoki e kore i torutoru iwi i roto i nga toa, me te mākete. Na i roto i te ao rā o e kitea tomo tenei pūtaiao matatini, me te maha ngaa tuumomo aronga - ohaoha.

He whakamāramatanga whakamahia e te i roto i ngā pukapuka tohutoro tino maha he: te pūtaiao o te mahi me te hanga ngā mahi, me ona hua i waenganui i māngai ōhanga. poi Economic o te moni he tino: ngā utu, te mākete mahi, ngā kāwanatanga, taonga me ngā ratonga moni-whaipainga, whakataetae, me te whakataetae, koloa-moni whanaunga, Me, etc. I tua atu, tetahi o nga wahi nui o te ako o ōhanga .. ko e te ōhanga ao ariā.

Whakatau i o te ōhanga o te ao, ko e whai ake: he fakakātoa 'o te öhanga motu o te ao, me nga whanaunga i waenganui ia ratou. Ko te kupu, tomo te ōhanga o te ao i tetahi atu me te tauhokohoko ā-ao, me te utu o ngā rauemi, me te tahi atu whanaunga ōhanga e puta i waenganui i te whenua e rua: uniana ohaoha me ngā tikanga, hekenga mahi ao, aha ...

Ko te ōhanga, te whakamāramatanga o nei homai te runga ake, e tahuri iho te nuinga o economists ki e rua ngā wāhanga matua: ha'iha'i me macroeconomics. Ka rite ki a koutou ki te matapaetia, tirohia Microeconomics te tukanga ōhanga ki te whānuitanga o te taumata ripeka-rängai me macroeconomics - i te taumata whenua.

Ko te mahi matua o te ōhanga ko te ki te whakatau i te āhua o pai ki te whakatutuki i ngā matea mutunga i roto i ngā o iti rauemi. History mohio maha tikanga e patua ana e te pūtaiao tairanga ki te whakatutuki i tenei raruraru.

E mea pinepine tohatoha 3 ara o pāmu i te taumata whenua: te whakahau-a-te mana, whakauru, me te hopea, te ōhanga mākete. Whakatau ana e tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i tetahi whenua ranei tetahi, e kore te mea pera uaua. ōhanga whakahaua maha whakamahia i roto i āhua fakatikitato, te wahi mārama te kāwanatanga, me te whakahaere i te tohatoha e rauemi: taonga, ratonga, mahi, a haamau utu tino. Nuinga o ngā wā, he hua tenei tikanga. Te ōhanga mākete, i roto i te rerekē, mahi tino noa, te kāwanatanga anake te aroturuki, me te whakahaere i te distortions puta moka. Ki te taumata o te whai huatanga fakatahai 2 tikanga o mua o te ōhanga whakauru.

Whakatau i o te utu taurite i roto i te ōhanga mākete e wahi aunoa i runga i te pūtake o te putanga me te hiahiatanga, me utu pānga whakataetae. Mai e aia kiritaki e te hiahia ki te hoko taonga kounga tiketike i te utu taea i raro, a ka hiahia kaihoko ki te hoko taonga i te utu teitei, i roto i te mutunga, whakaturia te utu e i te taumata toharite e makona e rua kaihoko me kaihoko. Ko te ōhanga mākete he whaiaro e fakatonutonu-, na kua whakaaro reira te ara whai hua tino o te pāmu, me te he tino rongonui i roto i te ao.