Diesel Whā,: ngā me arotake

Ko tētahi o nga tōnounou nui o te ahumahi automotive Russian ko te kore o te papatipu o waka diesel. I roto i te tirohanga o te kaiwhakanao rohe i ki te whakamahi i ritenga ke. timata te whanaketanga o enei motors anake i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau whakamutunga, me te kōwhiringa papatipu e kore e tonu puta. Next, whakaaro tatou nga waka diesel Vaz.

hiahiatanga

puta te tuatahi waka diesel whakamātau i roto i Europa i roto i te 30raa. te rau tau whakamutunga. I roto i te USSR, tupu tenei nui i muri, no te rave rahi take.

Tuatahi, he uaua ake ki te hamaniraa i roto i rite ki te ritenga penehīni enei wae mana.

Tuarua, diesels e wa tino muri ia te mahi.

Tuatoru, korerotia motors Local i mahi kino: taumata haruru nui, nga raruraru o te tīmatanga matao, iti rarata taiao.

Fourthly, i te wa i tino cheap te penehīni, na ara etahi mīhini taimaha rawa i ki engines penehīni. E ai diesels take te nuinga whakamahia i runga i ngā mīhini taimaha, te wahi i ratou ake hāngai atu engines penehīni tika ki tiketike-taipana.

Ko tētahi o te tuatahi motokā pāhihi Soviet, te tiki i te pūkaha diesel, ka reira te GAZ-21, me tona orotahi kaweake: i roto i te 60raa. mīhini Beletita whakanoho iho ki te maha taatou engines kōhauhau o te whakanao ke.

I roto i te-doma 70. timata te reira i te whakahörapatanga kaha o engines diesel i roto i ngā waka iti me ngā akomanga reo. Ko te take matua i te raruraru pūngao o 1973 Cars & Motors Local e ka tipu tino. i pai ki te penehīni ritenga i roto i ngā o te tōtika me te mauroa i 1.5-2 wā, e tika ana ki te kaha nui o nga wahi ratou. Kei te hoki whakarei mahinga i te whakamahi o kapohau.

diesel vazovskiy Tuatahi

I runga i te Täingäwai Automobile Plant ki te whakawhanake i engines diesel hoki timata tauira pāhihi i roto i te 80. Kaihoahoa, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te pūkaha ki te penehīni whakaputaina e te wae hangarau, kaupapa kï i 2108. I roto i te mua o ratou i reira ko tetahi raruraru o ngaro o taputapu wahie o engines diesel mō waka pāhihi.

Ka rite ki te hua, ki runga ki te pūtake o te poraka 2103 i hanga powerplant kōhauhau Vaz-341 rōrahi 1.45 rita me 55 rita. he. rere ke te reira i hoahoa precombustion tera kore rohe kōkeke carburetion, a i roto i te ruma motuhake. Electronics ngaro. Ko te tohatoha o wahie i roto i te ipurau kawea pēhanga teitei wahie papu. Na roto i te hoahoa, Vaz rite ki Ford Motors me Volkswagen wawe 80-doma diesel. whakahuatia te reira i e kua riro te pūkaha me te tauira whakamutunga mo te whanaketanga.

E ai ki nga hua whakamātautau whakapumautia e he te tautokohia ki te whakamahi i te paerewa "penehīni" wāhanga. Diesel Vaz, rite tahi atu motors o te momo āhuatanga e nui haere kawenga e tika ana ki te ōwehenga kōpeketanga teitei. No te mea o tenei tokomaha o nga mea timatanga ngaro i roto i te kaha, rawa te huarahi ratchet me rōpū kōkeke. ke kovi ange te āhuatanga e te ahumahi pū iti.

I runga i tenei, i roto i te tau 1984, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te diesel 1.7 rita e hāngai ana Vaz-2106 mā te whakamahi i ngā huānga 21083.

I te 1986 i hanga e ia he putanga turbocharged o te kaha 3411 o 65 rita. he. me 114 Numbers, ka tukua e rua rawa ki reira, "Niva" ki te taupū o 21215. Heoi, he ratou i roto i o te tikanga hohoro.

Otiia, Vaz-2105 ki te pūkaha 341-m riro whakamātautau kāwanatanga taupū 21055 kua haere, i roto i 1986-1988, Heoi, ahakoa te tapaia o te pūkaha ki te penehīni, te motokā i kore rere i roto i te production. i tika ki take maha tenei. Ko tētahi o te matua - te kore o te tautoko pūtea kāwanatanga.

engines raupapa diesel

wa i muri hoki i te whanaketanga o engines diesel wha ka mau i roto i te tau 1996 ki "Barnaultransmash". riro Ngā o te mahi tahi e ka hua te rua te whakato wae mana whanaketanga Vaz. whānau o toru engines kua hanga.

ka te reira i te tuatahi nekeneke 341-th, nui haere ki te 1,52 rita rōrahi. i 343 engine More pai te rōrahi o 1.8 rita. Ko te kōwhiringa tino kaha - ko reira te Vaz diesel taua rite rawa ki Ihi mīhini huri hiko, me te taupū o 3431. Ko te engines riro taputapu wahie Bosch.

I roto i runga ki tenei whakawhanakehia te whānuitanga o ngā akatuke'anga diesel o tauira paerewa. E whakamaheretia taua engines ki te whakamahi i runga i waka utilitarian. Ko te kupu, te whakamahere 21045 me 21048 kaata ki te pīkau i hā taatou 341 me 343, aua. I te "Āpure" 21215-50 me 21215-70 ki te tāuta 1.8 rita fakanatula hā ka turbocharged engines, aua, i runga i te Vaz-21315 - 3431 anake.

Na roto i te 2000 Barnaul Plant taukei te hanga o engines diesel, raraunga, me roto i pairati timata production i runga i te tāutanga o te pūkaha diesel Vaz-2104 me te 2105. E hua ēnei waka i roto i te wā iti.

Ahakoa te mahi rawakore, whakatata waka nekeneke. e kore hoki te mahi penehīni hekenga wae mana tano i roto i te akiaki i te reira tino nui mo enei tauira, engari kua nui haere te ōhanga mārika i. I te wa ano i te pūkaha te raruraru taua rite te tuatahi 341 Vaz diesel th: e tika ana ki te iti kaha pūkaha o te rōpū kōkeke ko reira rawa poto-i ora ai a. Engine ora i 30-40 mano. Km. Ki runga ki pa te tēnei pukapuka taua Tapia diesel Vaz hiahiatia ana, arā, i roto i te whakakapinga o te puoto tahi me te rōpū kōkeke.

Neke atu i te wa, kua whakatauria maha raruraru hangarau, hua i roto i nui haere mauroa pūkaha. Heoi, i roto i te 2003, i nekehia atu Vaz-21045 i hanga. Ko te toe 500 engines Vaz-341 tāuta i runga i sedans, riro hua taupū 21055. Tapeke e pā ana ki 6,000 waka diesel i runga i te 3 tau.

Ngā take mō te kore

Kua rahua production Mass o waka diesel pāhihi ki te whakatū i, mo te maha ngā take. Ko te matua o ratou - te unprofitability o te tuku o taua engines no o hoahoa tino tawhito. Ko te engines i te kaupapa precombustion taua rite te tuatahi tauira 341-th, a tino muri ia nga ritenga hou o te mahi me te rarata taiao. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki mahi manakohia i reira tika ki te hanga i tētahi hoahoa pūkaha rerekē. whakaaro huakore whanaketanga Independent, me hoa hangarau mō tenei kihai i. I tua atu, kei te hokona nga hua pai Vaz me kahore diesel.

engines tono

Mai i reira i kahore pāhihi papatipu diesel Vaz tika toutou tono taha nekeneke.

Na, i roto i te 1981, whakaaro reira te taea o te tahuri i te pūkaha penehīni Vaz-2121 i roto i te whai wāhitanga o te diesel whakamahau.

Mai i 1987 ki te 1990, kua whakawhanakehia te kaiwhakanao i roto i te taha ki te haria Tiamana Deutsche Lada te mahere ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga kaweake o te Niva ki wae mana Volkswagen. Heoi, kihai te kamupene ki te urutau tona pūkaha 1.9 rita ki Niva pūhara.

I roto i te 1993 whakahaere ia ki te whakatū i te mahi tahi i roto i te ara ano ki Peugeot. Whakaritea e te Wīwī haria Jean Ahakoa kua taunga te kaiwhakanao te pūkaha 1.9L XUD-9L mo tāutanga i roto i te Vaz-2121. whai wāhi mīhini kaiwhakanao i roto i "Lada-Kaweake". tikanga e He tukua "Niva", ka whakakapi te nekeneke paerewa i e French. whakaputaina Tapeke e pā ana ki 6,000 taua waka i roto i France, Spain, Itari me ētahi atu hokohoko Pākehā.

Ano, i roto i Itari, "Martorelli" rite rawa ki "Niva" pūkaha VM me te FNM.

Heoi, ki te whakataki o paerewa taiao oti Euro-2-tauine iti hanga o te diesel "Neve".

I roto i te 1998, tahi ki Peugeot me "Martorelli" Vaz tamata ki whakaturia ake hanga o "Āpure" ki nekeneke Peugeot XUD-9SD. Heoi, ano i te mahi ki te kia mutu e tika ana ki te whakataki Euro-3 paerewa o.

I tua atu, i 1995 ki te 1997 PSA pūkaha TDU5 i te Peugeot 106 ko Citroen Saxo ki āpitihanga tuatoru-rōpū, me te whakanoho iho ki taketake whakapuru Samara mo te mākete French me nga whenua Benelux.

ngā Tata

I roto i te 2007, Chevrolet Niva i takitahi tono "Kaupapa Plus" whakatakoto ana te nekeneke FNM.

I roto i te 2014, Kāre Lada 4x4 ki te 1.3 rita 75 hp. he. motor Fiat Multijet. I roto i tenei take, e kore i te reira hototahi ki te tuku o te taipana whāiti ranei ki waea circuitry tairitenga mō te CAN-pahi.

torotoro waka Super te taea o tautuhinga ki "Lada" 4x4 1.5 rita engine diesel i te tenault ūkuipuehu i 2015. I tua atu, kua hanga te motokā whakamātau ki 100-horsepower 1.8 rita pūkaha.

Ko te hoahoa o engines diesel

raupapa wae mana Basic i hanga e whakahou i te tuatahi 341-th engine Vaz: diesel i nui haere e 4 mm patunga kōkeke (84 mm). Ki te mea kua nui haere tenei nui i 1.45 ki te 1,52 rita. hanga upoko rango o te konumohe, te bushing aratohu, te nohoanga takirere - o ruma fakahū parariraa maka rino patu - o te superalloy. tikanga Gas tohatoha tono i te Vaz-2108. marere Mahi tikanga elektropereplava takirere mata. Kawau hake - i 2103 ki ngā tukunga pakeke nui haere horapa nekehanga. rigidity nui ake o te hanganga makanga 2103. kānara aano atu Tāutahia. Motor timata rawa te kaha o 1.7 Kw (1.9 i roto i Vaz-21055). Tenei pūhiko hiahiatia nui-kaha (AA 60 ranei 65 haora). I tua atu, tāuta Bosch wahie papu me te papu korehau ki te waihanga i tētahi korehau i roto i te booster wahia.

He deforsirovan whakarerekē 3413 hangaia mō tarakihana kiato, me te puku hiko. Mai i mua te pūkaha 341-th ko rohe rerekē te tere mōrahi ki 3000 hei utu o 4800.

1.8 engines rita hanga e te whakanui ake i te diameter puoto i 76 ki te 82 mm.

He turbocharged rerekē 1.45 rita engine 341 (3411) me Vaz-343 (3431 ki te mīhini huri hiko Ihi)

āhuatanga hangarau

Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, no te mea o te hoahoa tawhitotia Vaz-341 he hua iti rite whakaritea ki analogs o aua wa. Ko tōna kaha ko 54 rita. he. i 4600 REV / min, te taipana - 92 Numbers i 2300 REV / min. Ko, ara i runga i te tohu tuarua, homai ana e ia te ara ki te nekeneke penehīni (103 Numbers i te Vaz-21043). Te nuinga-taipana tiketike i kīia e iti e whakaratohia ana e ētahi atu mahi whakairoiro me te ōwehenga taputapu iti.

Version 3413 derated ki 32 rita. he. i 3000 REV / min.

Noatia, atu hua 1.8 L diesel Vaz: ngā kia 65 rita. he. i 4600 REV / min me 114 Numbers i 2500 REV / min.

whakatinanatanga Turbocharged whakawhanake 80 l. he. i 4600 REV / min me 147 Numbers i 2500 r / min.

waka diesel

Tāuta i te pūkaha diesel i runga i te Vaz-2104 i kawea atu i roto i te Tari o te tiaki me te hanga o te waka Vaz. Pilot production tīmata i roto i 1998, te tuku i te puranga o te 50 mihini ki 341-m diesel (21045).

I muri ka anga ratou ki te whakamatautau i te mīhini ki te pūkaha 343-th (21048) me tona whakahounga (tamata rauemi ki te whakapiki ake i runga ki te 150 mano. Km). I whakaritea te reira ki te whakaturia ake production i roto i 2005, engari i taka te reira.

Kua Vaz-21315 kua rite mo te tuku i roto i 2002, engari e kore e hoki rere.

āhuatanga

Diesel pereoo ngā etahi āhuatanga hoahoa i penehīni Vaz-2104. Diesel no o te papatipu nui ui ki te whakatū i whakapakaritia puna whakatārewatanga mua. whakakapia rua Main i ki 4.1 ki te 3.9. Hei utu mo te ngangau nui haere i te pūkaha diesel tāuta i roto i te wehenga pūkaha atu mātao tangi (ki te tiaki i te araa me te whare). Whakapau putorino takaia koropiko i roto i te tikanga ki te karo contamination o te ngarahu rama tika. I runga i te Papatohu reira ko te tīrama plug rama whakawera me te kī o te whakamahana tātari wahie (i roto i tenei take e kore ko reira i runga i rama).

Reviews

I maoro i muri i te kairīpoata "te wira" kata ite Vaz diesel. whakaatu Reviews atu engine whaiaro whakahaere-i revs iti. Na, tae noa ki te tiki i raro i te ara e taea e te taputapu 5, a ki te 30 km / h tīmata aki maheni. A, no te taraiwa nohopuku, i runga i te anga ke, whai koe ki te whakawhiti atu pinepine atu i te motokā penehīni, no te mea o te rua matua poroa. Ko te kupu i roto i tetahi take i te akiaki o te motokā diesel ko tawhiti muri. Anake i kīia e iti, he painga paku.

Ko te whakatere ki te 100 km / h penehīni Vaz-2104 tere 8. Haunga mīhini iho ki te tere mōrahi o te 13 km / h diesel. A, no te tere i te patunga i i te 20 ki te 90 km / h iti iho i te āputa (e pā ana ki 3 hekona). I tua atu, arotake o tānga "Aunoa", pakanga he diesel tauhohenga ki te takahi hau.

Ki te whakaaro ki te taumata haruru nui, e te nuinga o te wā āhuatanga e te pūkaha taua, diesel Vaz tino nui i mangere (6-8 DB (A)). Ki te iti te whakanui ake takaí rerekētanga e 3.1 DB (A), a ka riro.

riro nga hua whakamātautau kairīpoata i te 10% rerekētanga i roto i te kohi wahie toharite i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakauru. Heoi, ko te painga pūtea o te whakamahi i te pūkaha diesel ki te utu wahie pūkaha i te wa ko te whakamātau 36%. Kaipūrongo tātai e te nui $ 1,300 te utu o te mīhini utu atu mo te 180 mano. Km.

Urupare i ite i te Vaz-21048, kua tahuri te reira i roto i nui atu taurite me, whakawhetai ki atu nui-taipana, taea ki a koe whakawhiti nui iti.

Ki te pūkaha taua te whakakitea pai ano "Niva", rawa atu-ara.

Vaz-3411 tahuri i runga i te nekeneke rite i roto i te huru 2121. I ki te pūkaha penehīni, he reira faaite pai ake i kīia e tiketike. A, no te he reira i te tere iti aki ko raro noa atu i te hunga o te Vaz-21213, korerotia e te matangirua takamuri.

mahi

Nā ki te taimaha o te pūkaha o te pereoo taimaha nui haere Vaz-21045 ki te 1,06 m (40 kg whakaritea ki 21043), katoa - ki runga ki te 1,515. E ai ki te kaiwhakanao, te whakatere ki te 100 km / h i roto i 23 hekona (6 atu), te tere mōrahi - 125 km / h (iti iho i te 18 km / h). Fuel kohi o 5.2 rita i 90 km / hr, 7.5 rita i 120 km / h, me te 6.2 l roto i te taiao tāone (7, 9.9, 9.8 L i 21043, aua).

Ko te mīhini ki te akiaki 343-m nekeneke ofi ki te pereoo teihana penehīni Vaz. whakarato 1.8 rita Diesel whakaterenga ki te 100 km / h mō te 19 hēkona, me te tere mōrahi o te 133 km / h.

Acceleration Vaz-21215-50 ake ki te 100 km / h i roto i te 25 s, te tere mōrahi ko 127 km / h ki 19, me te 137 km / h i 21213.

Vaz-21215-70 mo nga akiaki o whakaterenga he rite ki te penehīni "Āpure" me lags i te tere mōrahi o te 7 km / h.