Aha France - Fifth Republic: te hītori o te ingoa

E kore te mea te kōrero hou, ka ko te whenua rite te tangata, ki te kahore te ingoa, taitara mōhiohio, he rerekē, ōpaki. Kia te ingoa o Canada - "Ko te whenua o te rau pereni" - e taea te faataa e te peculiarities o te hanganga o te ngahere rākau o te fenua Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, engari e kore e pera kitea atu tauira. Hei tauira, he aha France - Fifth Republic, ranei, mea, China, karanga ona tangata ratou China? Pakiaka - i roto i te hītori.

Tauira i roto i te kōrero

Ko te tauira tata Here. I te timatanga o te mano tau tuatahi i muri i meinga a te Karaiti Roma i tahito te wahapu me te kaha o nga Karaitiana wawe. Na ka pahuatia e te mano o Tautangata, ngaro ahau i taua mana, a ka meinga te whakapaipai unofficial o te ao Karaitiana Constantinople. A i roto i te rau tau XV, "pa o nga pa" tenei, ranei Roma Tuarua, hinga ana ia, a ka meinga wahi o te Ottoman Empire me te tautoko kua he pewa hei utu o te ripeka.

A i tenei wa to tatou i te papa o John IV, ka karanga nga uri o "te whakamataku", Vasily III o, kino hiahiatia he take atu i roto i whakakotahi i te whenua, me te iwi - Russia i muri i te hinga o te ioka Mongol-Tatar i puta ke i te āhua Ngātuere, feudal motuhake i roto i te whenua kaha. Te tango painga o tenei āhuatanga (i hainatia ai e te Union, whakakotahi Eastern me hahi Karaitiana Western), whakatakotoria Vasily III i te taitara o te whakapaipai o te Tuatoru Roma.

tamata tatou ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai he aha i huaina France ko te Fifth Republic. Kei te tata hono te hītori o tenei whenua ki te kupu "Republic", me ngā kaupapa i roto i France kua nuinga takoto te akoranga o ngā i runga i te fenua Pākehā.

I roto i te ngako, i te kupu whakahoki ki te pātai he aha i huaina France ko te Fifth Republic he tino ohie - te whenua i rima o te Ture. A pera reira tupu ai i runga i te maha o te tuhinga matua o te putanga whenua i hanga "taua" me te Republic.

Republic French Tuatahi

tino taea te whakaaro te tīmatanga o te hītori Republican o France te French Revolution, tohua te hopu o riri e noho ana mea nui rawa o te whenua, me te tohu o te mana kingi, te Bastille rongonui i roto i te 1789. A, no te ui aha France - Fifth Republic tenei ra, ka i roto i te āhua o te revolution me whawhai metarahi i, he kawenga hoki tata Marx te nuinga o hītori.

Hei hinga kawea āputa kino i roto i paerewa ora me tika ture o nga porowhita rangatira me te iwi noa. Ko tētahi atu take ko te aroaro i roto i te whanaketanga i te whenua o o te piha haapiiraa waenganui, i i te tahi mea ki te ngaro, me te hunga i pai ki te tu ake mo ratou tika me ona rangatiratanga.

I tua atu, ka rite ki matau tatou, i aru e te hopu me te hoki whakama ki Paris, tamata ia ki rere te Kingi Louis XVI, te mahi o te whānau kingi katoa, me te karanga o te Republic - te tuatahi French Republic.

Mai i Robespierre ki te toe fakafoki pou-Napoleonic

Me kï reira e roa roa te Republic Tuatahi - tae noa ki 1804, i te kore i France riro te kingitanga arahina e Napoleon.

ka ringihia Events i rite te haona o nui :

• te ärai o te kaha e Bonaparte;
• te hanganga o te French Empire ;
• te hinga o te ope nui pera-ka karanga i runga i te whanuitanga o Russia;
• he raupapa o fakafoki ngā o te mana kingi me takaí hou.

Aha France, Tuarima Republic, rite ki te huaina ana a reira i teie nei, i roto i tona hītori ite na maha takaí me hoki ki te arikitanga? Pea no te mea ko taua mea, i me te nui, te whenua tuatahi i roto i te ao, ki te hanga i te whakawhitinga i te mana tino o te tangata kotahi ki te puka ake ahu whakamua o te kāwanatanga.

A i 1848 ki 1852 i reira ko te Republic Tuarua me tona putanga ake o te kaupapa ture, te mutunga hoatu e ia tetahi atu toe fakafoki. I runga i te torona e noho ana he uri o te Bourbons, a ka kotahi ano France te kingitanga.

Ko te whakatūnga me te parariraa o te Tuatoru Republic ki kupu Germany

Ko te hītori o te Tuatoru Republic pumau i te hurihanga o te arii French whakamutunga i roto i te 1870 i mua ki te mahi o France i roto i te tau 1940 e te ropu a Hitler. huri MURI i paerewa te pūnaha ture - te mana wehe i te āhuatanga tūturu i roto i te whenua.

Nga ra o te kingitanga o te emepera whakamutunga o France taua i muri i te mutunga ignominious o te Franco-German War o 1870, ka i whakahaere Napoleon III ki tuku rangatira Prussia, me tona ope katoa. A, no te haere mai te rongo ki a Paris, tata te pō i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakakahore i te arikitanga me te whakatūnga o te Tuatoru Republic.

Na, me te arikitanga i roto i France i reira ki runga, engari ka te taua aha France katoa - 5 Republic, a kihai te tuatoru?

Ko te tikanga pou-pakanga ao

I te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i te tau 1946, te whenua, kia rite ki te tokomaha noa atu, kei te mātātoa te whai wāhi i roto i te hanga ā-. Ko reira kitea e kua puta ke te ao te rota. kihai i Ture i ora te iwi i te aroaro o, te whakatau i te mau tamataraa, me ngā whakaritenga o te ao hurihuri.

I roto i te 1946, tū France he tāpaetanga, i hua i roto i te āhua hei kua pāremata. Ko te aha tonu tonu France Tuarima Republic te kāwanatanga i roto i nei te Pirimia he taimaha rite ki te uara o te peresideni.

"Na ka" ki te manapori

roa pai French maha Republic tae noa ki 1958, ka reira ko te kaupapa i faaite e he pai hoki te wa te mana rawa ohaoha.

Eaha tei tupu? Me mea te reira e te mea manapori France roto, ahakoa noho he mana koroni rite nui ki te 1980. I roto i 1958, te taua tau i roto i tetahi o ona koroni - Algeria - whawhati i te tutu. Ko te hui i roto i te whānui, mau, engari te mau hopearaa i neryadovoe - tonoa hōia ki te tara i te whakatikanga ake, i pai ki te whakarongo ki te kāwanatanga, me te, i runga i te anga ke, e tamata ki te whakatau here me ngā whakaritenga mō te mana.

Ko te kaiwhakaū o te kaupapa ture hou te tangata e whakahaere ki te Heitiki a te raruraru hāparangi i roto i te whenua, me te whakahoki kia i roto i te whenua - he tino e tokomaha Rapa tōrangapū French Sharl De Goll. Ko te aha France - Fifth Republic. Āhuatanga o te kaupapa ture hou - te whakapakari i te tūranga o te peresideni ki te whakaora i te kupu papau Pāremata me te matua o te rangatiratanga manapori taketake.